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一)原因1.A number of factors are accountable for this situation.A number of factors might contribute to (lead to )(account for ) the phenomenon(problem).2. The answer to this problem involves many factors.3. The phenomenon mainly stems from the fact that.4. The factors that contribute to this situation include.5. The change in .largely results from the fact that.6. We may blame .,but the real causes are.7. Part of the explanations for it is that .One of the most common factors (causes ) is that .Another contributing factor (cause ) is .Perhaps the primary factor is that But the fundamental cause is that二)比较1.The advantage far outweigh the disadvantages.2.The advantages of A are much greater than those of B.3.A may be preferable to B, but A suffers from the disadvantages that.4.It is reasonable to maintain that .but it would be foolish to claim that.5.For all the disadvantages, it has its compensating advantages.6.Like anything else, it has its faults.7.A and B has several points in common.8.A bears some resemblances to B.9.However, the same is not applicable to B.10. A and B differ in several ways.11. Evidently, it has both negative and positive effects.12. People used to think ., but things are different now.13. The same is true of B.14. Wondering as A is ,it has its drawbacks.15. It is true that A . , but the chief faults (obvious defects )are .三)批驳1)It is true that ., but one vital point is being left out.2) There is a grain of truth in these statements, but they ignore a more important fact.3) Some people say ., but it does not hold water.4) Many of us have been under the illusion that.5) A close examination would reveal how ridiculous the statement is.6) It makes no sense to argue for .7) Too much stress placed on . may lead to .8) Such a statement mainly rests on the assumption that .9) Contrary to what is widely accepted, I maintain that .四)后果1. It may give rise to a host of problems.2. The immediate result it produces is .3. It will exercise a profound influence upon.4. Its consequence can be so great that.五)举例1) A good case in point is .2) As an illustration, we may take .3) Such examples might be given easily.4) .is often cited as an example.六)证明1) No one can deny the fact that .2) The idea is hardly supported by facts.3) Unfortunately, none of the available data shows .4) Recent studies indicate that .5) There is sufficient evidence to show that .6) According to statistics proved by ., it can be seen that .七)开篇1) Many nations have been faced with the problem of .2) Recently the problem has been brought into focus.3) Recently the phenomenon has become a heated topic.4) Recently the issue has aroused great concern among .5) Nowadays there is a growing concern over .6) Never in our history has the idea that . been so popular.7) Faced with ., quite a few people argue that .8) According to a recent survey, .9) With the rapid development of .八)结尾1) From what has been discussed above, we can draw the conclusion that .2) It is high time that strict measures were taken to stop .3) It is necessary that steps should be taken to .4) In conclusion, it is imperative that .5) There is no easy method, but .might be of some help.6) To solve the above-mentioned problem, we must .7) In summary, if we continue to ignore the above-mentioned issue, more problems will crop up.8) With the efforts of all parts concerned, the problem will be solved thoroughly.9) We might do more cause ; it is important to take actions to .10) Taking all these into account, we .11) Whether it is good or not /positive or negative, one thing is certain/clear;to sum up, in conclusion, in brief, on account of this, Thus, it can be concluded that, Therefore, we can find thatObviously(此为过渡短语), we can draw the conclusion that 解释原因的5)to begin with, then, furthermore, finally(强烈推荐)6)to start with, next, in addition, finally(强烈推荐)7)first and foremost, besides, last but not least(强烈推荐)8)most important of all, moreover, finally9)on the one hand, on the other hand(适用于两点的情况)10)for one thing, for another thing(适用于两点的情况)前后连接词then, therefore, consequently, accordingly, hence, as a result, for this reason, so that独立主格的句子he weather being fine, a large number of people went to climb the Western Hills.Africa is the second largest continent, its size being about three times that of China.排比一个个得对偶句,一个个的不定式,一个个地词,一个个的短语Whether your tastes are modern or traditional, sophisticated or simple, there is plenty in London for you.Nowadays, energy can be obtained through various sources such as oil, coal, natural gas, solar heat, the wind and ocean tides.We have got to study hard, to enlarge our scope of knowledge, to realize our potentials and to pay for our life.开头句型Ihas both advantages and disadvantages既有利又有弊。例如:1Obviously television has both advantages and disadvantages2Living in a city has both advantages and disadvantages3Com pared with cars,bikes have their advantages and disadvantagesIIplay(s)an important role part in在中扮演重要角色起重要作用。例如:1Computers play an important role in science and technology2Computers play a more and more important role in our life Computers play an increasingly important role in our studies3Education plays an important part in developing our mind4Addiction to alcohol and drugs play a role in homelessness词汇替换individuals,characters, folks 替换(people ,persons) 2: positive, favorable, rosy (美好的)promising (有希望的),perfect, pleasurable , excellent, outstanding, superior 替换 good 3:dreadful, unfavorable, poor, adverse, ill (有害的)替换 bad 如果 bad 做表语,可以有 be less impressive 替换 eg.An army of college students indulge themselves in playing games, enjoying romance with girls/boys or killing time passively in their dorms. When it approaches to graduation ,as a result, they find their academic records are less impressive 4.(an army of, an ocean of, a sea of, a multitude of ,a host of, many, if not most)替换 many. 注:用 many, if not most 一定要小心,many 后一定要有词。 Eg. Many individuals, if not most, harbor the idea that.同理 用 most, if not all ,替换 most. 5: a slice of, quiet a few , several 替换 some 6:harbor the idea that, take the attitude that, hold the view that, it is widely shared that, it is universally acknowledged that)替 think (因为是书面语,所以要加 that) 7:affair ,business ,matter 替换 thing 8: shared 代 common 9.reap huge fruits 替换 get many benefits ) 10:for my part ,from my own perspective 替换 in my opinion 11:Increasing(ly),growing 替换 more and more( 注意没有 growingly 这种形式。所以当修 饰名词时用 increasing/growing.修饰形容词,副词用 increasingly. Eg.sth has gained growing popularity. Sth is increasingly popular with the advancement of sth. 12.little if anything, 或 little or nothing 替换 hardly13.beneficial, rewarding 替换 helpful, 14.shopper,client,consumer,purchaser, 替换 customer 15.exceedingly,extremely, intensely 替换 very 16.hardly necessary, hardly inevitable 替换 unnecessary, avoidable 17.sth appeals to sb, sth exerts a tremendous fascination on sb 替换 sb take interest in / sb. be interested in 18.capture ones attention 替换 attract ones attention. 19.facet,demension,sphere 代 aspect20.be indicative of ,be suggestive of ,be fearful of 代 indicate, suggest ,fear 21.give rise to, lead to, result in, trigger 替换 cause. 22. There are several reasons behind sth 替换.reasons for sth 23.desire 替换 want. 24.pour attention into 替换 pay attention to 25.bear in mind that 替换 remember 26. enjoy, possess 替换 have(注意 process 是过程的意思) 27. interaction 替换 communication 28.frown on sth 替换 be against , disagree with sth29.to name only a few, as an example 替换 for example, for instance 30. next to / virtually impossible,替换 nearly / almost impossible表示完全同意I couldnt agree more! Im of the same opinion.I dont think anyone would disagree.I cant argue with that. Im sure you are right.I take your point. Id go along with you there.I share your view on that. I quite agree with you.Im with you on that. Im with you there.Thats just what I was thinking. Thats absolutely true! Thats a good point. Thats just how I see it.Thats exactly my opinion. Absolutely!You got it! That is true.表示部分同意Yes, perhaps. Well, yes. Yes, in a way. possibly.Yes, I agree up to a point. Well, youve got a point there.Theres something in that, I suppose. I guess you could be right.Yes, I suppose so. Thats worth thinking about.进行有礼貌的否决I am not sure really. I cant possibly agree with you.Do you really think so? Well, it depends.Im not so certain. Well, Im not so sure about that.No, I dont think so really. Im afraid i disagree. im afraid i have a different opinion.im afraid i dont share your opinion.i see your point, but i cant really agree with you.I dont think so. thats not (entirely) true.i find that hard to swallow.all right, but dont you think?i dont think youve got your facts straight.that was not the case. thats not how i see it.Dont be too sure. Dont speak too soon.Ill believe it when i see it. you know it isnt true.坚决的否认I disagre
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