010第十章 元音字母在非重读音节中的读音.doc

第十章 元音字母在非重读音节中的读音元音字母读 音例 词编 号aChina another woman breakfast2-01orange comrade village cabbage2-02ehundred student open moment2-03chicken pocket begin children2-04i/holiday beautiful family animal2-05aexercise satellite2-06osecond tonight somebody welcome2-07ualso zero photo2-08uautumn difficult2-09ju(:)popular congratulation January2-10动词中的a如果处在开音节位置，a读e音，例如：operate2-11u处在开音节位置，又在辅音字母j l r s后面时，读u(:)音，例如：July influence February issue2-12绝对弱化现象（元字组及辅字组都可出现绝对弱化现象，如辅音中的爆破音失去爆破）carnationk:nen，未弱化的读音为k:neinphysiognomy 字母g的发音被绝对弱化了。在非重读音节中的元音字母常有省略发音的现象（绝对弱化现象）vegetable vedtbl vedtbl 蔬菜factory fktri fktri 工厂literature ltrt ltrt 文学university ju:nv:sti ju:nv:sti 大学temperature temprt temprt 温度environment nvarnmnt nvarnmnt 环境interest ntrst ntrst 兴趣（前面一个字母e的读音被省略）every evri 每个（后面一个字母e的读音被省略）chocolate tklt 巧克力（后面一个字母o的读音被省略）innocent nsnt无罪的present preznt出席lavatory lvtr厕所opera pr歌剧natural ntrl元字组在非重读音节中的非弱化现象元字组在非重读音节中会出现非弱化现象，即在非重读音节中仍按重读音节规则发音。也可以将这种非弱化音节理解为次重读音节。次重读音节出现在主重读音节之后，通常会省略次重音符号。例如：exerciserobotdialoguesatisfyradiocrocodilepianophotodonateapricotathleticcontextetiquetteprogrammealcohol元音字组也有这种情况alloy n.合金cuckooconvoycocoaastronautsatire 讽刺作品hemisphere 半球Compare the pronunciation of at in the following two sentences:I got up at/t/ six oclock.What are you looking at/t/?In the first sentence, at is not stressed(prepositions, conjunctions, articles, pronouns and auxiliary verbs are not usuallly stressed). In the second example, at is at the end of the sentence, in a more important position, and so has the stressed pronunciation /t/. There are around fifty words like at, which have two pronunciations: a strong form, in which the vowel is generally pronounced as it is written, and a weak form, in which the vowel is pronounced with / or /. The weak form is much more common than the other; the strong form is only used if the word is specially stressed for some reason. Compare:I was late./wz/It was raining./wz/Yes, I was./wz/I must go now./ms(t)/I really must stop smoking./mst/Where have you been?/v/You should have told me./v/We usually have dinner at eight./hv/(Have is the main verb in this sentence.)Note that the contracted negative always has a strong pronunciation.cant /k:nt/(US:/knt/)mustnt /msnt/wasnt /msnt/The most important words which have strong and weak forms are: strong formweak forma/e/am/m/m/an/n/n/and/nd/nd,n/are/:(r)/(r)/as/z/z/at/t/t/be/bi:/b/been/bi:n/bn/but/bt/bt/can/kn/kn/could/kd/kd/do/du:/d/does/dz/dz/for/f:(r)/f(r)/from/frm/frm/had/hd/hd,d/has/hz/hz,z/have/hv/hv,v/he/hi:/h,/her/h:/h(r),(r)/him/hm/m/his/hz/z/is/z/z,s/must/mst/mst,ms/not/nt/nt/of/v/v/our/a(r)/:(r)/Saint/sent/snt/ (GB only)shall/l/l/she/i:/should/d/d/sir/s:(r)/s(r)/some/sm/sm/than/n/n/that(conj)/t/t/the/i:/,/them/em/m/there(see 599)/e(r)/(r)/to/tu:/t/us/s/s/was/wz/wz/we/wi:/w/were/w:(r)/w(r)/who/hu:/h/would/wd/wd,d/will/wl/l,l/you/ju:/j/your/j:(r)/j(r)/单个元音字母在非重读音节中的非弱化现象。元音字母在非重读音节中会出现非弱化现象，即在非重读音节中仍按重读音节规则发音。例如：元音字组在非重读音节中也有非弱化现象。例如： carnation k:nen 元音字母在非重读音节中的非弱化读音，也可以理解为次重读音节，次重读音节出现在重读音节前时，通常要标出次重读符号；如果次重读音节出现在重读音节之后，可以省略次重读符号。更多的非弱化现象:aspect 方面climax 高潮 comment 评论complex 复杂的matador mtd:斗牛士migrate maret迁徒robot机器人syntax 句法alcohol 酒精练习 10