(研究生入学考试)医学英语语法特征.ppt

医学英语语法特征详解 河北医科大学外语部医学英语教研室阎伟静 医学英语语法特征之一 难句长句多 1 医学英语文献中常出现包含有许多附加成分的简单句和有许多从句的复合句 2 不可避免出现大量长句 难句 Pulmonarycirculationdiffersfromthesystemiccirculationinthatoxygen poorbloodiscarriedbythepulmonaryarteriesfromtherightventricletothealveolisothatgaseousexchangecanoccurandthepulmonaryveinscarryoxygen richbloodbacktotheleftatriumsotheheartcanpumpitthroughoutthebody e g 1 Pulmonarycirculationdiffersfromthesystemiccirculation inthatoxygen poorbloodiscarriedbythepulmonaryarteriesfromtherightventricletothealveoli sothatgaseousexchangecanoccur andthepulmonaryveinscarryoxygen richbloodbacktotheleftatrium sotheheartcanpumpitthroughoutthebody e g 2 Whenfoodiseatenitisbrokendownbythedigestivesystemandthenutrientsareabsorbedthroughthewalloftheintestines whichisthenpickedupbythebloodvesselsandcarriedofftothecellsrequiringthenutritionwithapitstopthroughtheliverfornutrientabsorptionandtoxiccleansing e g 2 Whenfoodiseaten itisbrokendownbythedigestivesystem andthenutrientsareabsorbedthroughthewalloftheintestines whichisthenpickedupbythebloodvesselsandcarriedofftothecellsrequiringthenutrition withapitstopthroughtheliverfornutrientabsorptionandtoxiccleansing 方法 拆 合分析原文语法结构 弄清原文逻辑关系 组合原文表达含义 医学英语语法特征之二 被动语态多 原因 医学文献强调客观事实 研究方法 性能和特征 作者习惯于客观地看问题 并使用非人称 无生命第三人称 的语气作客观的描述 1 Therespiratorysystemisdividedintotheupperrespiratorytractandthelowerrespiratorytract Therespiratorysystemisdividedintotheupperrespiratorytractandthelowerrespiratorytract 2 Thekneejointisbasicallydesignedinoneplaneaboutatransverse side to side axis Thekneejointisbasicallydesignedinoneplaneaboutatransverse side to side axis 3 Beforemicroscopywasappliedtomedicalproblems observationswereconfinedtothosemadewiththeunaidedeyes Beforemicroscopywasappliedtomedicalproblems observationswereconfinedtothosemadewiththeunaidedeyes 方法 翻译时 尽量翻译成主动语态 能主动不被动 写作时 可以适当使用被动语态 医学英语语法特征之三 无主语句子多 作者习惯使用非人称 无生命第三人称 的语气作客观的描述 TopreventtheAVvalvesfrombeingpushedupintotheatrium thevalvesarefastenedtomuscularprojectionsoftheventricularwallsbyfibrousstrands TopreventtheAVvalvesfrombeingpushedupintotheatrium thevalvesarefastenedtomuscularprojections 肌性突出物 oftheventricularwallsbyfibrousstrands 纤维丝 医学英语语法特征之四 分词多 现在分词作状语过去分词作定语 1 Dollyoranyotheranimalcreatedusingnucleartransfertechnologyisnottrulyanidenticalcloneofthedonoranimal Dollyoranyotheranimalcreatedusingnucleartransfertechnologyisnottrulyanidenticalcloneofthedonoranimal 2 Inresponsetotheforcesexertedonthem themusculoskeletalcomponentsexperiencephysicalstrain andthegreatertheforce thegreaterthestrain Inresponsetotheforcesexertedonthem themusculoskeletalcomponentsexperiencephysicalstrain andthegreatertheforce thegreaterthestrain 3 Forcesproducedbymusclesandtransmittedbyjointsarereferredtoasinternalforces Forcesproducedbymusclesandtransmittedbyjointsarereferredtoasinternalforces 医学英语语法特征之五 定语多 定语长 1 Theconditionischaracterizedbysymptomsthatincludecoughing wheezingandshortnessofbreath Theconditionischaracterizedbysymptomsthatincludecoughing wheezingandshortnessofbreath 2 Thismeansawellorganizedandefficientcirculatorysystemisresponsiblefordeliveringlifesustainingoxygenandnutrientstothecellswhichareincapableoffendingforthemselves Thismeansawellorganizedandefficientcirculatorysystemisresponsiblefordeliveringlifesustainingoxygenandnutrientstothecellswhichareincapableoffendingforthemselves 3 Inconjunctionwiththerespiratorysystem redbloodcellsbythenameoferythrocytesareresponsibleforthetransportationofoxygenwhichissystemicallydeliveredtothecellswaitingthroughoutthebody Inconjunctionwiththerespiratorysystem redbloodcellsbythenameoferythrocytesareresponsibleforthetransportationofoxygenwhichissystemicallydeliveredtothecellswaitingthroughoutthebody 医学英语语法特征之六 名词多 医学英语中 较多使用名词和名词词组 特别是大量使用动词衍变而来的名词 Theliver thelargestorganinthebody performstwoimportantdigestivefunctions thesecretionofbileandtheabsorptionofglucosefromthebloodcarryingthenewlyabsorbednutrients Theliver thelargestorganinthebody performstwoimportantdigestivefunctions thesecretionofbileandtheabsorptionofglucosefromthebloodcarryingthenewlyabsorbednutrients Transportationofthesubstancenecessarytomaintaincellularmetabolismisoneoftwomainfunctionsofthecirculatorysystem Transportationofthesubstancenecessarytomaintaincellularmetabolismisoneoftwomainfunctionsofthecirculatorysystem 方法 翻译时将其翻译为相应的汉语动词 医学英语写作 标题中的应用短语 多以名词加前或后修饰语构成 也可用动名词或介词构成短语 1 题名的要求 1 准确精炼 最少的文字提供最多的信息 国内期刊的论文标题规定一般不超过20个字 外文题名一般不超过10个实词 有的有明确规定 美国的JournaloftheNationalCancerInstitute 国立肿瘤研究所杂志 规定题名不得超过14个词 TheBritishJournalofCancer 英国癌症杂志 规定题名不得超过100个字母 2 符合编制目录 文献标引和检索的要求 3 逻辑清晰 词序恰当 4 其中的数字应用阿拉伯数字 避免非公知公用的缩略语 化学分子式 结构或化学方程式 名词短语1 名词 介词短语恶性高血压治疗后的视觉缺失Blindnessaftertreatmentformalignanthypertension2 名词 分词短语中风后出现单侧神经性瘙痒Unilateralneurogenicpruritusfollowingstroke 原发性肝癌二级预防的随机分组前瞻性研究Randomizedcontrolledprospectivestudyofsecondarypreventionforprimarylivercancer3 名词 不定式建议能做胆红素定量的化验室不再做黄疸指数测定Suggestiontoabolishicterusindexdeterminationwherequantitativebilirubinassayisavailable 4 名词 同位语庆大霉素是分离beta 溶血性链球菌的选择性药物Gentamicin aselectiveagentfortheisolationofbetahemolyticstreptococci5 名词 从句V sis基因产物由血小板生成因子受体相互作用而转化的证据EvidencethattheV sisgeneproducttransformsbyinteractionwiththereceptorforplatelet derivedgrowthfactor 6 定语 名词常用形容词 名词 分词等修饰恶性高血压与吸烟Malignanthypertensionandcigarettesmoking反应原诱导的非过敏性支气管反应性增高Allergen inducedincreaseinnonallergicbronchialreactivity 动名词短语心房纤颤患者中风预防Preventingstrokeinpatientswithatrialfibrillation介词短语控制直肠癌的探讨Oncontrollingrectalcancer 2 句子1 陈述句胆固醇饮食 人类结肠癌的协同致癌因素Dietarycholesterolisco carcinogenicforhumancoloncancer2 疑问句在家分娩还是住院分娩 Homeorhospitalbirth 医学英语语法特征之七 同位语多 1 Theheartisamuscularorganenclosedinafibroussac thepericardium andlocatedinthechest Theheartisamuscularorganenclosedinafibroussac thepericardium andlocatedinthechest 2 Hemoglobin thepigmentoferythrocytes iscapableofcarryingoxygenorcarbondioxide Hemoglobin thepigmentoferythrocytes iscapableofcarryingoxygenorcarbondioxide 3 Thelungsareseparatedfromthechestwallbythepleura acontinuousmembranethatcoversthelobesandtheinnerchestwall Thelungsareseparatedfromthechestwallbythepleura acontinuousmembranethatcoversthelobesandtheinnerchestwall 医学英语语法特征之八 省略句多 英语医学论文的格式 题名Title作者Authorship摘要与关键词AbstractandKeyWords引言Introduction材 资 料与方法MaterialsandMethods结果Results讨论Discussion致谢Acknowledgements参考文献Referen