施工组织设计英文文献翻译.doc

学习资料收集于网络，仅供参考ConstructionoftheProjectManagementoftheimportanceoforganizationdesignAbstract:Theconstructionorganizationisaconstructionprojectandguidetheimportant technicalandeconomicdocuments.Canregulatetheconstructionworkers,machinery,rawmaterials,environment,technology,equipment,construction,installation,management,productionandotherconflicts,tosupervisetheconstructionandcontroloforganizationaldesigninordertoensurescientificandrationalprojecthigh-quality,lowcost,lessthecompletionofenergy.Keywords:projectmanagement;constructionorganization;design;importanceConstructiondesignandprojectconstructionisanimportantdocumentguidingconstruction,constructionenterprisesareabletohigh-quality,highspeed,lowcost,lowconsumptionofcompletedbuildingprojectstoensureeffectivemeasures,butalsostrengthenthemanagement,theimportanceofimprovingeconomicefficiencymeans,isalsoproperlyhandletheconstructionworkers,machinery,rawmaterials,methods,environmentandtechnologyandequipment,civilworksandinstallationofcollaboration,consumptionandsupply,managementandproductionandotherkindsofcontradictions,scientificandrational,plannedandorderly,theequilibriumorganizationofproductionandanimportantguaranteeforprojectconstruction.Withtheestablishmentofsocialistmarketeconomy,anincreasinglycompetitiveconstructionmarket,theobjectivesituationofconstructionenterpriseshavebecomeincreasinglydemanding,notonlyintechnologyandequipment,personnelquality,theconstructionputforwardhigherrequirementsoftheorganizers,andengineeringeconomicmanagementPre-settlementworkintheprojectisalsofacingnewchallenges.Strictconstructionmarketsituation,someconstructioncompaniesarenotactivelytakenmeasures,professionalandtechnicalstaffisnotupdated,training,scienceandtechnologymanagementlevelisverybackward,withthepreparationofconstructiondesignreviewdidnotattractenoughattention,sotherewillbethefollowingcommonsituations:(1)auditisnotcompiledbeforethestartofconstructionorganizationdesign:nottopursuetheconstructionoffloorplans,materials,cluttered,movingoutofimportofmachineryandequipment,unplanneddemandforlabor,quality,security,constructionwithoutassurancemeasures,resultinginnestWorkersseriouswastemanagementlower.(2)whetheritisthepreparationofconstructiondesignprofessionals:Inordertocopewiththehigherauthoritiesandsupervisoryagencies,PartymemberorchecktheinformationtotheconstructionworkersonbehalfoftheCodeconstructiondesign,becausethedatasimplydonotknowrightnowwhoisaleadingconstructionmanagementrecentarrangements,hadcasuallymadeup,justgo.(3)thepreparationofthelowlevelofconstructionorganizationdesign:Someconstructionunits,constructionorganizationsdonotunderstandtheimportanceoftheconstructionprocess,towriteaboutthesub-constructionprocess,drawafloorplan,scheduleprogress,itregardedconstructionorganizationdesign.(4)toabandontechnologyeconomy:aconsiderablenumberofconstructionenterprisesinthepreparationofconstructionorganizationdesign,constructionorganizationwhichonlyconcernedthevarioussub-projectofthetechnicalmeasures,withoutconsideringthesub-projectaspectsofeconomicindicators,leadingtothecompletionofsettlementdisputesabouteconomicloss.Example1inadistrictofNanningCity,thelifeofadormitorybuildingtobeaformofwaterrenovationproject,butbecausethedormitorywasbuiltintheeighties,hasbeentwentyyears,theownersbetweenbuildingswithoutauthorizationoftheirowndebrisoccupiedthepublicspaceofnormalchannels,resultingintoonarrowpassagebetweentwobuildings,trafficproblems,sotheresultingneedformanualhandlingofconstructionmaterialstoconstructionsites,constructionmaterialsarestatednottoenterthevenueandrequestforadditionalmaterialssecondarytransportationfee,PartyAwillnotsignrecognition,resultingineconomiclosses.Iftheconstructionunitsinthefieldbeforethestartoftheinvestigation,carefullyreviewthepreparationofconstructiondesignandengineeringcontractbedescribedinthenotes,youcanreduceunnecessarytrouble.Example2ofaresidentialbuildingprojectexcavation,constructionsiteisnotlarge,theconstructionunitconstructionwithconstructiondesign,butnoearthsurveyprogram,noexcavationoftheslopecoefficientofdischarge,northeaccumulationofpre-constructionearthworkcalculation,theoriginalmachineinthepitexcavationuppercutonit,becausethereisnoconstructiondesignsurveyontheground,resultinginrupturedanearbyresidentialbuildingtothewater,resultinginincreasedcostsofgradingrequiredtoshowthereisnoclear,resultinginaJixietaibanincreasemovingawaymore,butalsobackwhenthebackfillbackfill,resultinginconstructionenterprisesintheeconomybytheeconomiclossinvain.Example3Constructionofaresidentialbuildingproductsbusinessintheconstructionprocess,whenpreparingtostartconstructionorganizationisverysimple,eventhetemplatesub-projectcalculationsarenot,inthebasementoftheconstructionoftheinstallationtemplatetemplateinstallationheightof5m,maximumbeamforthe6001200,thickness250,intheerectionofexperiencebytheworkersundertheirerection,supervisionandacceptancecannotbeacceptanceoftheresults,butalsore-checking,theresultssupportthestrengthofpoledidnotmeetthetemplaterequirementsofafullreturntowork.Reworktheeconomiclossescanbeimagined.Suchassteelisnowmorefittingtodiscussthesituation,thetenderlistordidnotsaybyweldingsleeve,yousaidintheweldingconstructionorganization,itcantalkwiththesleeveconstructionofavisa;EarthworkandtemporaryfacilitiesintheShihgroupcalculatedaslongastheexcessofthequotarulessetpavedthewayispartoftheclaim.Theproblemisnowthatthisfileisisolated,notconstruction,notcost,becauseitisnottargeted.Theabovethreeexamplesfullyshowthattheconstructiondesignintheconstructionprocessaswellaspre-settlementprojectplaysanimportantrole,notonlyorganizedtheconstructionoforganizationaldesign,guidingproductionroleintheobjectiveeconomicmanagementhasbecomeaveryimportantcannotbeignoredcomponent.Constructiondesignisthearrangementofaconstructioncompanybuildingacomprehensivetechnicalandeconomicdocumentationofconstructionproducts.Thedepthofthecontentoftheirpreparation,canbedividedintoconstructiondesign,constructionorganizationdesign,constructiondesignoutlineandsoon.Meaning:inordertoprocesstheentireprojectimplementationmacro-control.Completetheconstructionofasub-organizationdesignshouldinclude:projectoverview,constructionmethods,qualityassurancemeasures,manpowerandmachineryplanandguaranteemeasures,constructionofnetworkdiagrams,andbarcharts,safetymeasures,detailsofresources,energyconservationmeasures,constructionperiodtoensuremeasures.Implementationoftheprojectintheconstructionofthesession,thepriceofconstructionprojectsthroughtheconstructiondrawingstodeterminethegeneralpreparationofthebudget,thedeterminationoftheconstructioncontractprice,engineeringandprojectfinalsettlementpricetodeterminepriceandotherprocesses.Constructiondesignofwhichisthemainfactoroftheprojectcost,therefore,projectcostmanagement,constructiondesignmustpaycloseattentionasanimportantlinkinthisregardshouldaddressthefollowingtwoaspectsoftherelations.Fixedconstructionbudgettoreflecttheactualconstructionofeachsub-partoftheconstructionprocessofeachprojectcomponentoflabor,materials,Jixietaibanconsumptionstandards.Itistoidentifyandcontroltheconstructionandinstallationcostbase;istodesigntechnicalandeconomiccomparison,basedontechnicalandeconomicanalysis;istheconstructionunitbasedontheanalysisofeconomicactivities;thepreparationofbiddingprice,biddingpriceofthebase;isthepreparationofthefixedbudgetandestimatesbasedonindicators;isconstructiondrawingbudget,projectcontracts,projectbudgetandprojectanimportantbasisforfinalprices,butthebudgetisfixedundernormalconstructionconditions,themajorityoftheconstructionunittothecurrentlevelofmachineryandequipment,thereasonableconstructionperiod,constructiontechnology,labororganizationsbasedoneachsub-partofthepreparationoftheconsumptionoftheproject.However,constructionoftheprojecttherearemanyspecialcasesinwhichsub-partoftheprojectconstructionmethodisnotnecessarilythesameunderafixedbudget,ascurrentlystipulatedinthebudgetscale,basedonconstructiondesignOKandsoon.SuchasconsumptionoffixedconstructionGuangxiZhuangAutonomousRegion,theearthandstoneworkonthemanualcalculationrules.Trenchdigging,earthworkgradingtimerequiredtoconstructiondesignshallbecalculated,constructiondesignnoclearlydefined,puttheslopecoefficientbyafixedproportionoftheimplementationoftheprovisions.Constructionprojectswithconstructiondesigniscloselyrelatedtoprojectcost.Thebasicconstructiondesignincludes:projectoverviewandanalysisofconstructionconditions,constructionprograms,constructiontechnology,constructionschedule,constructiongenerallayout.Thereareeconomicanalysisandconstructionpreparationworkplan.Amongthem,theconstructionprogramandconstructionprocessismoreimportanttodetermine,forexample:thechoiceofconstructionmachinery,horizontaltransportmethodofchoice,movingthemainstructureoftheconstructionmethodsandconstructionmethodsandconstructiontechnologyofchoice,etc.,areadirectimpactonprojectbudgetpricechanges.Inensuringthequalityandmeettheownersrequirementsandschedulerequirementsofthepremise,optimizetheconstructionprogramandconstructionprocessistocontrolthecostofinvestmentprojectsandreducetheimportanceofmeasuresandmeans.Constructiondesignisnotonlyanimportantguidingdocumentproductionandmanagementactivities,preparationofconstructionplansisanimportantbasisforthebudget.Therefore,theconstructionunitleadersbeforethestartoftheunitprojecttotissueengineering,materialsandequipment,industrialscale,economicplanning,projectcostandotherpersonneltoseriouslyfamiliarwiththedrawings,in-depthon-sitefieldsurveyofthetechnicalandeconomicorganizationalmeasures.Projectcostinthepreparationofconstructiondesignisdirectlyrelatedtotheeconomicinterestsofenterprises,because,intheprojectcostmanagementandimplementationoftheprovisionsofthebudgetscale,thecostofpersonnelstaffplaystheroleofbusinessmanagerincharge;inthebiddingandconstructioncontract,thecostcommissionedbytheenterpriselegalpersoncanbeusedasthelegalrepresentativeoftheagent,theexerciseofpowersconferredbyenterpriselegalperson;intheconstructionandbudgetwork,supervisionplaysaroleintheeconomy.Therefore,thefullcostofin-housestaffnotonlyunderstandstechnology,understandthepolicy,butalsounderstandstheroleoflegalexpertiseandispreparedwellconstructiondesignandimproveanimportantaspectofeconomicefficiencyofenterprises,butalsoworkstoovercomeandavoidaneconomicdisputesettlementreasonableandeffectiveway.Finally,theconstructionorganizationofthisdocumentisveryimportant,itisthetechnicalandeconomicdocuments.Constructionoftheproject,besuretosupervisetheconstructionandcontroloforganizationaldesigntoensuretheprojectsconstructionorder,topreventtheconstructiondesignamereformality.Engineeringconstructiondesignisthequality,safety,effectivemeasurestoguaranteeprogress.浅谈项目管理中施工组织设计重要性摘要:施工组织是项目建设和指导工程施工的重要技术经济文件。能调节施工中人员、机器、原料、环境、工艺、设备、土建、安装、管理、生产等矛盾,要对施工组织设计进行监督和控制,才能科学合理的保证工程项目高质量、低成本、少耗能的完成。关键字:项目管理;施工组织;设计;重要性施工组织设计是项目建设和指导工程施工的重要文件,是建筑施工企业单位能以高质量、高速度、低成本、少消耗完成工程项目建筑的有力保证措施,也是加强管理、提高经济效益的重要手段,也是很正确处理施工中人员、机器、原料、方法、环境及工艺与设备,土建与安装协作,消耗与供应,管理与生产等各种各样的矛盾,科学合理地、计划而有序地、均衡地组织项目施工生产的重要保障。随着社会主义市场经济的建立,建筑市场的竞争日趋激烈,客观形势对施工企业的要求越来越高,不仅在技术装备、人员素质、施工组织者方面提出较高的要求,而且工程经济管理工作中有关工程预结算也面临新的挑战。严谨建筑市场形势下,有些施工企业没有积极采取应对措施,对员工的专业技术没有更新、培训,科学技术管理水平相当落后,加上对编制审核施工组织设计没有引起足够的重视,因此就会出现以下几种常见的情况:(1)开工前没有编制审核施工组织设计:不搞施工平面布置图,材料乱堆乱放,土方运出运进,机械设备、劳动力需求无计划,工程质量、安全施工无保证措施,造成窝工浪费现象严重,管理水平较低。(2)是否是专业人员编制施工组织设计:为应付上级部门及监理单位、甲方检查而给施工员或资料员代编施工组织设计,因为资料根本对现在的施工管理不了解而又是领导最近安排的,不得不胡乱编造,应付了事。(3)施工组织设计编制水平低:有的施工单位,不明白施工组织在施工过程中的重要性,写一写各分项施工工艺、画张平面布置图、工程进度计划表,便认为是施工组织设计了。(4)要技术弃经济:相当多的施工企业单位在编制施工组织设计时,只重视施工组织当中的各分项工程的技术措施,没有考虑分项工程经济指标方面内容,导致工程竣工结算时纠纷不断,蒙受经济损失。例1南宁市某小区某宿舍楼要对生活用水进行一户一表改造工程,但由于宿舍楼是八十年代建成的,已经有二十几年了,业主擅自在楼与楼之间的自家杂物用房挤占了公用正常的通道,导致两楼之间通道过于狭窄,通车困难,所以造成了施工材料需要人力搬运到施工地点,施工单位则以材料未进入场地而要求增加材料的二次搬运费,甲方不予签认,造成了经济损失。如果施工单位在开工前进行现场勘测,认真编制审核施工组织设计并在工程承包合同中附注加以说明,则可减少不必要的麻烦。例2某住宅楼工程的基坑开挖,施工现场并不宽敞,施工单位施工时有施工组织设计,但是无土方调查方案,没有开挖的放坡系数,也未进行施工前土方堆积计算,原本上勾机在坑上开挖就可以了,就因为施工组织设计中没有对地下调查,导致挖破了附近居民楼的给水管,致使成本增加,对放坡要示也没有明确要求,结果造成了机械台班增加,土方拉走多了,回填时又要拉回回填,造成施工企业在经济上白白受到经济损失。例3某商品住宅楼施工企业在建过程中,开工时编制施工组织很简单,连模板分项工程计算书都没有,在施工中的安装地下室模板时模板安装高度为5m,梁最大为6001200,板厚为250,在搭设时由工人根据经验自己搭设,结果监