主谓一致讲义.doc

主谓一致主谓一致的概念。 所谓主谓一致是指“主语和谓语动词”之间,即（主语的人称和单复数形式）决定着（谓语动词对应的形式）。（1） 主谓一致的种类一、【语法一致】1. 两个或两个以上单数名词或者代词作主语的时候,谓语动词有以下两种情况：(1) 如果指两个或两个以上不同的人或事物的时候,谓语动词用_。He and she is/are both students of this school. 他和她都是这个学校的学生。（2）如果连接两个以上的名词指的是同一个人或物, 或者指同一概念的时候, 谓语要用_。The singer and dancer is/are going to give us a performance. 那个歌唱家兼舞蹈演员要给我们表演。The knife and fork is/are on the table. 刀叉在桌子上。2. 如果主语是的时候,谓语动词一般用_。 When he is coming seem/seems very important. 他什么时候要来看起来很重要。 Collecting stamps is/are his hobby. 收集邮票是他的爱好。 To love her is/are not to break her wings. 爱她就不该折断她自由飞翔的翅膀。.3. 定语从句的在从句中作主语时，要与的人称和数_。 Those who enjoy/enjoys? singing may join us. Tom, who is /are your friend, should help you.with, along with, together with, as well as, besides, like, without, except, but, including 如果句子中有这些连接词和主语连用,谓语动词的数而_。例如：The teacher, together with his students, is/are planting trees in the street. 老师和他的学生们正在街道上植树。 二、意义一致原则 指主谓一致取决于主语的其实际意义。（有的主语名词在形式上是单数, 但在意义上却是复数；有的主语名词在形式上是复数, 但在意义上却是单数。）不定代词all, more, some, any, none作主语,谓语动词视情况而定。All of the apples _rotten. 所有的苹果都烂了。All of the apple _rotten. 整个苹果都烂了。 None of the money_ left. 没有剩下一点钱。None of the students _ there. 没有学生在那里。2. the rest of; half of; part of; majority of; percent of; one third of在句子中加名词作主语的时候,。Half of the students _finished their composition. 一半的学生已经完成了他们的作文。Half of the apple _bad. 一半的苹果坏了。About 60 percent of the students in our school _boys. 我们学校, 大约百分之六十的学生是男生.3. 集合名词作主语, 动词可用单数, 也可以用复数。主要由句子的意思决定。强调整体谓语动词用单_；指全体人员时, 动词则用_。这一类常见的集合名词有public, family, class, crowd, population, team, group。His family _going out. 他们全家要外出。His family _all music lovers. 他们全家人都是音乐爱好者。4. 某些名词如people, police, cattle等,形式上是单数, 但意义上是复数, 谓语动词应用复数。people指“民族”时是例外。 The police _searching for a thief. The cattle _eating grass on the hill.5. 复合不定代词作主语, 谓语动词要用_，如someone ,somebody, something, anybody, anyone, anything, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing。Someone _ asking for you. 有人找你。Nothing _found in the room. 在屋子里什么也没找到。一些有两个部分构成的名词表示衣物或工具作主语时，谓语动词通常用_形式，例如：glasses, clothes, trousers, shoes, compasses, chopsticks, scissors等。但如果主语用“a kind of, a pair of , a series of等加名词”构成时，谓语动词一般用_形式。如： The pair of shoes _ worn out. 这双鞋破了。 The shoes _worn out. 鞋子破了。7.某些名词以s结尾如maths, politics, physics, news, plastics 等，谓语动词应用_。Physics is a very interesting subject. 物理是一门很有趣的学科。 如：不定代词each, every, no所修饰的名词，谓语动词仍用_形式。every. and every .; each . and each .; no . and no . 在以上短语中and连接的单数名词, 整个短语在句中作主语时, 谓语动词常使用_。Each boy and each girl want/wants? to go to the cinema. Each man and each woman are/is? asked to attend. Every boy and every girl in the class are/is? diligent. 班级中的每个男孩女孩都很用功。No sound and no voice are/is? heard. 听不到任何声音。9. 以a number of 作主语时, 谓语动词用_; 以the number of 作主语时, 谓语动词用_。 A number of new books is/are? on the desk. The number of students in you class are/is? 50.10. 有些名词的单数和复数形式一样, 作主语的时候, 其谓语动词由上下文决定, 这一类名词有: means, works, deer, fish, sheep, Chinese, Japanese等。 Not every means are/is? useful. 不是每种方法都好使。 Not all means are/is? useful. 不是所有的方法都好使。11.如果主语有more than one很多 非常或many a许多构成，one and a half与单数名词组成的短语。尽管从意义上看是复数内容，但它的谓语动词仍用_形式。如：More than one student have/has? read the book. Many a girl have/has? been there. 但是，“more +复数名词+than one”结构之后，谓语动词一般多用_形式。如：More members than one is/are? against your plan. A pair of shoes were/was? on the desk. Many a boy has/have? seen it. 许多孩子都看到了。12. 书刊名、时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的复数名词作主语时, 谓语动词常用_。 Thirty years are/is not a long time. Roots are/is a famous American novel.三、就近原则either . or; neither . nor; not only . but also, whether.or在句子中连接主语的时候或者在there be句型中,谓语动词要和就近的主语_。Neither you nor I are/am? wrong. There are/is? a cup of tea and some apples on the table.Not only the students but also the teacher wish/wishes? for a holiday.注意事项this kind of book = a book of this kind (这种书) , 其谓语用_; 短语this kind of men = men of this kind = these kind of men (口语) (这一类人), 但this kind of men 的谓语用_, men of this kind 和these kind of men 的谓语用复数, all kinds of 后跟复数名词, 谓语用_形式。例如：This kind of men is/are? dangerous.Men of this kind is/are? dangerous.2. 在主谓倒装的句子中,谓语动词的数应与其后的主语_。例如: Between the two windows hang/hangs? a picture.3. “分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语以及由“ a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a large quantity of, a heap of, heaps of, half of + 名词”构成的短语作主语时,其谓语动词要与短语中of 后面的名词的数_,这是因为短语中后面的名词是_,而短语中前面的量词是_。例如:Lots of damage were/was? caused by fire.About three-fourths of the earths surface are/is covered with water.Three-fifths of the workers here are/is women.和这种情况类似的还有“a number of + 名词复数”。但是,“the number of + 名词”的中心词却是number。试比较：A number of students has/have gone to the countryside to help with the autumn harvest.The number of pages in this book is/are two hundred.a (large) quantity of 修饰可数或不可数名词, 其短语作主语时,谓语动词用_。A large quantity of people are/is needed here.quantities of 修饰可数或不可数名词,其短语作主语时,谓语动词一般用_。例如:Quantities of food (nuts) was/were on the table.短语in quantity, in large quantities 意为 “大量”; in small quantities 意为“少量”。 4. a great deal of, a large amount of, 修饰不可数名词, 其短语作主语时, 谓语动词通常用_; large amounts of 修饰不可数名词, 其短语作主语时, 谓语动词通常用_。例如:5. 表示数量的one and a ha