GRE抽象词(不全自己整理的).docx

distinction n.差别；区分；优秀；荣誉，优待empirical impirikla.以经验(或观察)为依据的，经验(主义)的psychological saikldikla.心理(学)的reality n.现实，实际；真实appraise verb VN(formal) to consider or examine sb/sth and form an opinion about them or it: an appraising glance / look She stepped back to appraise her workmanship. His eyes coolly appraised the young woman before him.to make a formal judgement about the value of a persons work, usually after a discussion with them about it: Managers must appraise all ensity intensitin.强烈，剧烈；强度intensity noun (plural intensities)U, sing. the state or quality of being intense: intensity of light / sound / colour intensity of feeling / concentration / relief He was watching her with an intensity that was unnerving. The storm resumed with even greater intensity. The discussions reached a new level of intensity and by lunchtime the exchanges were becoming very heated.U, C (usually technical) The strength of sth, for example light, that can be measured: continuously varying intensities of natural lightcorrespond verb V (to / with sth) to be the same as or match sth: Your account of events does not correspond with hers. Your account and hers do not correspond. The written record of the conversation doesnt correspond to (= is different from) what was actually said. (to sth) to be similar to or the same as sth else: The British job of Lecturer corresponds roughly to the US Associate Professor. (with sb) (formal) to write letters to sb and receive letters from themobservation nounU, C the act of watching sb/sth carefully for a period of time, especially to learn sth: Most information was collected by direct observation of the animals behaviour. results based on scientific observations We managed to escape observation (= we were not seen). The suspect is being kept under observation (= watched closely by the police). She has outstanding powers of observation (= the ability to notice things around her). an observation post / tower (= a place from where sb, especially an enemy, can be watched)C (about / on sth) a comment, especially based on sth you have seen, heard or read: He began by making a few general observations about the report. She has some interesting observations on possible future developmentsidentical aidentikla.(to，with)相同(等)的；同一的identical adjective (to / with sb/sth) similar in every detail: a row of identical houses Her dress is almost identical to mine. The number on the card should be identical with the one on the cheque book. The two pictures are similar, although not identical.(the identical) only before noun the same: This is the identical room we stayed in last year.identically adverb: The children were dressed identically.perceive psi:vvt.感知，感觉，察觉；意识到，理解perceive verb (written)to notice or become aware of sth: VN I perceived a change in his behaviour. V that She perceived that all was not well. VN to inf The patient was perceived to have difficulty in breathing.Help Note: This pattern is usually used in the passive. sth (as sth) to understand or think of sth in a particular way: VN This discovery was perceived as a major breakthrough. She did not perceive herself as disabled. A science degree and artistic interests are often perceived as incompatible. VN to inf They were widely perceived to have been unlucky.Help Note: This pattern is usually used in the passive.WORD FAMILYperceive v.perception n.perceptive adj.perceptible adj. (=/= imperceptibleacceptance n.接受,接纳；赞同,承认；容忍acceptance / kseptns; ksptns/ n C, U (act of) accepting or being accepted 接受; 答应; 同意; 认可: Since we sent out the invitations weve received five acceptances and one refusal. 我们发出请帖以後, 收到的回覆是五位接受, 一位推辞. U favourable reception; approval 赞成; 赞同: The new laws gained widespread acceptance. 新法例广获赞同. C (commerce 商) (a) agreement to pay a bill 承兑, 认付（票据）. (b) bill accepted in this way 承兑汇票.accidental / ksdentl; ksdntl/ adj happening unexpectedly or by chance 意外的; 偶然的: a verdict of accidental death 意外死亡的裁决 * an accidental meeting with a friend 偶然遇到一位朋友. accidentally / -tl; -tl/ adv.accommodate / kmdet; kmdet/ v Tn provide lodging or room for (sb) 供给（某人）住宿或房间: This hotel can accommodate up to 500 guests. 这旅馆可供达500位来宾住宿. Tn.pr sth to sth change or adjust sth so that it fits or harmonizes with sth else 适应; 迁就; 迎合: I will accommodate my plans to yours. 我修改一下计划以便和你的计划相适应. (fml 文) (a) Tn, Tn.pr sb (with sth) grant or supply (sth) to sb 准予或提供某人（某事物）: The bank will accommodate you with a loan. 银行将贷给你一笔款. (b) Tn do (sb) a favour; oblige 帮（某人的）忙; 施恩惠於: I shall endeavour to accommodate you whenever possible. 只要有可能, 我将尽力帮你. Tn (fml 文) cater for (sth/sb); take into consideration 顺应（某事物某人）; 考虑到: accommodate the special needs of minority groups 照顾少数团体的特殊需要. accommodating adj (of a person) easy to deal with; willing to help; obliging （指人）随和的, 乐於助人的, 施恩惠的.acknowledgment n.承认；鸣谢acquiesce / kwes; kws/ v I, Ipr (in sth) (fml 文) accept sth without protest; offer no opposition (to a plan, conclusion, etc) 默认; 顺从; 默许（一计划 结论等）: Her parents will never acquiesce in such an unsuitable marriage. 她的父母决不会答应这门不相宜的婚事. acquiescence / kwesns; kwsns/ n U.acquiescent / -esnt; -snt/ adj ready to acquiesce 默认的; 顺从的: an acquiescent nature 和顺的性情 * She is too acquiescent, ie too ready to comply. 她太百依百顺了address dresn.地址；演说 vt.写地址；演说；对付address 1 / dres; US dres; drs/ n details of where a person lives, works or can be found, and where letters, etc may be delivered 住址; 地址; 通讯处: Tell me if you change your address. 如果你的地址改变了, 请告诉我. * My home/business address is 3 West St, Oxford. 我家办公处的地址是牛津西街3号. speech made to an audience 演说; 演讲. (computing 计) part of a computer instruction that specifies where a piece of information is stored （计算机指令中标明某信息储存於何处的）位址. (idm 习语) a form of address = form1.address 2 / dres; drs/ v Tn, Tn.pr sth (to sb/sth) write on (a letter, parcel, etc) the name and address of the person, firm, etc that it is to be delivered to （在信件 包裹等上）写收件人或公司等的名字及地址: The card was wrongly addressed to (us at) our old home. 那张（给我们的）明信片误写了我们的旧地址. Tn make a speech to (a person or an audience), esp formally 向（某人或听众）讲话（尤指正式地）: The chairman will now address the meeting. 现在由主席向与会者讲话. Tn.pr sth to sb/sth direct (a remark or written statement) to sb/sth 对某人某事物提出（意见或书面陈述）: Please address all complaints to the manager. 一切意见均请向经理提出. Cn.n/a sb as sth use (a particular name or title) in speaking or writing to sb 用（某姓名或头衔）称呼某人: Dont address me as Colonel: Im only a major. 不要称我上校, 我只是少校. Tn.pr oneself to sth (fml 文) direct ones attention to (a problem); tackle sth 把注意力集中於（某问题）; 致力於某事: It is time we addressed ourselves to the main item on the agenda. 现在我们该把注意力集中到议事日程上的主要项目上来了. Tn take aim at (the ball) in golf （高尔夫球戏中）瞄准（球）. Tn (computing 计) store or retrieve (a piece of information) by using an address1(3) （用计算机中的位址指令）存入或取出（信息）. addressee / dresi; drsi/ n person to whom a letter, etc is addressed 收信人; 收件人.aesthetic / isetk; stk/ (US also esthetic / esetk; stk/) adj usu attrib 通常作定语 (a) concerned with beauty and the appreciation of beauty 有关美的; 美学的: aesthetic standards 美学标准 * an aesthetic sense 美感. (b) appreciating beauty and beautiful things 对美和美的事物欣赏的; 审美的: an aesthetic person 有美感的人. pleasing to look at; artistic; tasteful 悦目的; 艺术的; 雅致的: aesthetic design 美观的设计 * Their furniture was more aesthetic than practical. 他们的家具华而不实. aesthetically (US also es-) / -kl; -kl/ adv: aesthetically pleasing 美观可爱的.aestheticism / isetszm; stszm/ (US also es-) n U.aesthetics (US also es-) n sing v branch of philosophy dealing with the principles of beauty and artistic taste 美学（哲学中的一门学科, 研究美和艺术鉴赏的原理）.anecdotal anecdotal | nekdtladj. 轶事的, 趣闻的; 含轶事的; 多轶事的antithesis / ntss; ntss/ n (pl -ses / ntsiz; ntsiz/) (a) C usu sing 通常作单数 (of/to sth/sb) direct opposite 正相反; 对立: Slavery is the antithesis of freedom. 奴役与自由是对立的. (b) U (of sth to sth); (between A and B) contrast; opposition 对照; 相反: The style of his speech was in complete antithesis to mine. 他和我的讲话方式完全相反. C, U contrast of ideas marked by the choice and arrangement of words 对语; 对句; 对偶; 对照: Give me liberty, or give me death is an example of antithesis. 不自由, 毋宁死是对语的一个例子. antithetic/ ntetk; nttk/, antithetical / -kl; -kl/adjs. antithetically / -kl; -kl/ adv.apparently prntliad.显然，表面上地apportion / pn; prn/ v Tn, Tn.pr, Dn.n sth (among/to sb) give sth as a share; allot sth 分配某事物; 分派某事物: I dont wish to apportion blame among you/to any of you. 我不愿意怪罪你们大家你们任何人. * He apportioned the members of the team their various tasks. 他已把各项任务分配给队员们. Cf 参看 portion v. apportionment n U.appraise / prez; prez/ v Tn assess the value or quality of (sb/sth) 评价; 估价; 鉴定; 评定: appraise a students work 评定学生的作业 * an appraising glance 估量的眼光 * It would be unwise to buy the house before having it appraised. 买房子不事先估价是不明智的. appraisal / prezl; prezl/ n C, U (act of) appraising sb/sth; valuation 评价; 估价; 鉴定; 评定appraise Pronunciation:-przFunction:transitive verbInflected Form:appraised ; appraisingEtymology:Middle English appraysen, probably from Anglo-French *appreiser, from a- (fr. Latin ad-) + preiser to prize, praiseDate:15th century1 : to set a value on : estimate the amount of 2 : to evaluate the worth, significance, or status of especially : to give an expert judgment of the value or merit of synonyms see ESTIMATE appraisee -pr-z noun appraisement -prz-mnt noun appraiser noun appraisingly -pr-zi-l adverb appraisive -pr-ziv adjectiveapproach / prut; prot/ v I, Tn come near or nearer to (sb/sth) in space or time （在空间或时间上）接近, 靠近（某人某事物）: The time is approaching when we must think about buying a new house. 我们要想一想买新房子的事了, 时机即将来临. * As you approach the town the first building you see is the church. 接近那座城镇的时候, 首先看到的就是教堂. Tn be similar in quality or character to (sb/sth) （在性质或特点上）接近（某人某事物）: Few writers even begin to approach Shakespeares greatness. 莎士比亚的伟大, 鲜有作家能望其项背. Tn go to (sb) for help or support or in order to offer sth （为求助或提供某事物）接近（某人）: approach ones bank manager for a loan 找银行经理寻求贷款 * approach a witness with a bribe 前去贿赂目击者 * I find him difficult to approach, ie not easy to talk to in a friendly way. 我觉得他很难接近（不好谈话）. Tn begin to tackle (a task, problem, etc) 着手处理（事务 难题等）: Before trying to solve the puzzle, let us consider the best way to approach it. 要想解决这一难题, 咱们先来考虑一下如何着手方为上策. approach n 1 sing act of approaching 接近: Heavy footsteps signalled the teachers approach. 沉重的脚步声显示教师已经走近了. * At her approach the children ran off. 她走近的时候, 孩子们都跑了. 2 C to sth thing resembling sth in quality or character 性质或特点相似的事物: Thats the nearest approach to a smile he ever makes. 那已算是他能做出的最近乎微笑的表示了. 3 C way leading to sth; path; road 通路; 进路; 道路: All the approaches to the palace were guarded by troops. 通往宫殿的所有道路都有部队把守. * attrib 作定语 Police are patrolling the major approach roads to the stadium. 警察正在通往运动场的主要通路上巡逻. 4 C way of dealing with a person or thing 方法; 手段: a new approach to language teaching 语言教学的新方法. 5 C attempt to reach agreement or become friendly with sb （想与某人商议或亲近的）尝试, 意图: The club has made an approach to a local business firm for sponsorship. 俱乐部已试探向本地一家公司寻求资助. * She resented his persistent approaches. 他一再地表示亲近使她很反感. 6 C final part of an aircrafts flight before landing 进场（飞机着陆前的最後飞行阶段）: the approach to the runway 进入跑道的进场飞行. 7 C (in golf) stroke from the fairway to the green （高尔夫球赛中）从外野击向球穴区草地. 8 (idm 习语) easy/difficult of approach (fml 文) easy/difficult to talk to in a friendly way 平易近人的难於接近的.approachable adj 1 (of people or things) that can be approached （指人或物）可接近的 : The village is only approachable from the south. 这个村子只有从南边才能到达. 2 friendly and easy to talk to 和蔼可亲的. approachability / prutblt; protblt/ n U.approach approach | prtn. 门径, 接近v. 靠近; 动手处理; 接approximation approximation | prksmenn. 接近; 概算; 近似额; 近似值apt 1 / pt; pt/ adj (-er, -est) suitable; appropriate 适当的; 恰当的: an apt quotation 恰当的引语. (at doing sth) quick at learning 学得快的; 聪明的: Shes one of my aptest students. 她是我的最聪明的一个学生. * very apt at programming a computer 非常善於编电脑程序. pred 作表语 to do sth likely or having a tendency to do sth 易於做某事物; 有做某事物的倾向: apt to be forgetful, careless, quick-tempered, etc 健忘 总是粗心大意 动不动就发脾气 * My pen is rather apt to leak. 我的钢笔爱漏墨水. aptly adv suitably; appropriately 适当地; 恰当地: aptly punished for ones misdeeds 因行为不检而受到适当惩罚.aptness n U.apt pta.易于，有.倾向；恰当的;聪明的architecture 1 n.Pronunciation:r-k-tek-chrFunction:nounDate:15551 : the art or science of building specifically : the art or practice of designing and building structures and especially habitable ones 2 a : formation or construction resulting from or as if from a conscious act b : a unifying or coherent form or structure 3 : architectural product or work 4 : a method or style of building 5 : the manner in which the components of a computer or computer system are organized and integratedarchitecture / ktekt(r); rktkt/ n U art and science of designing and constructing buildings 建筑学. design or style of a building or buildings 建筑设计; 建筑风格: the architecture of the eighteenth century 十八世纪的建筑风格 * Modern architecture depresses me. 现代的建筑设计使我感到很憋闷. architectural / ktektrl; rktktrl/ adj of or related to architecture 建筑学的; 建筑上的: an architectural triumph 建筑学的成就. architecturally adv: The house is of little interest architecturally. 这所房子在建筑学上无足轻重.argue v.Pronunciation:r-()gyFunction:verbInflected Form:argued ; arguingEtymology:Middle English, from Anglo-French arguer to reprove, argue &Latin arguere to demonstrate, prove; Anglo-French arguer, from Latin argutare to prate, frequentative of arguere; akin to Hittite arkuwai- to plead, respondDate:14th centuryintransitive verb 1 : to give reasons for or against something : REASON 2 : to contend or disagree in words : DISPUTE transitive verb 1 : to give evidence of : INDICATE 2 : to consider the pros and cons of : DISCUSS 3 : to prove or try to prove by giving reasons : MAINTAIN 4 : to persuade by giving reasons : INDUCE synonyms see DISCUSS arguer -gy-wr, -gy-r nounargue argue (rgy)v. argued, arguing, argues v. tr.To put forth reasons for or against; debate: It is time to stop arguing tax-rate reductions and to enact them (Paul Craig Roberts).To attempt to prove by reasoning; maintain or contend: The speaker argued that more immigrants should be admitted to the country.To give evidence of; indicate: Similarities cannot always be used to argue descent (Isaac Asimov).To persuade or influence (another), as by presenting reasons: argued the clerk into lowering the price.v. intr.To put forth reasons for or against something: argued for dismissal of the case; argued against an immediate counterattack.To engage in a quarrel; dispute.Middle English arguen, from Old French arguer, from Latin argtre, to babble, chatter, frequentative of arguere, to make clear. See arg- in Indo-European Roots. arguer n.Synonyms: argue, quarrel, 1wrangle, squabble, bickerThese verbs denote verbal exchange expressing conflict. To argue is to present reasons or facts in order to persuade someone of something: I am not arguing with youI am telling you (James McNeill Whistler). Quarrel stresses hostility: The children quarreled over whose turn it was to wash the dishes. Wrangle refers to loud, contentious argument: audiences. who can be overheard wrangling about film facts in restaurants and coffee houses (Sheila Benson). Squabble suggests petty or trivial argument: The one absolutely certain way of bringing this nation to ruin. would be to permit it to become a tangle of squabbling nationalities (Theodore Roosevelt). Bicker connotes sharp, persistent, bad-tempered exchange: The senators bickered about the Presidents tax proposal for weeks. See also synonyms at discuss See also synonyms at indicateartifact artifact | tfktn. 人工制品; 加工品; 手工艺品aspect / spekt; spkt/ n C particular part or feature of sth being considered 方面: look at every aspect of the problem 看这问题的各个方面. sing (fml 文) (esp of people) appearance or look （尤指人）样子, 容貌, 神态: a man of enormous size and terrifying aspect 面目狰狞的彪形大汉. C usu sing 通常作单数 side of a building that faces a particular direction （建筑物的）方向, 方位: The house has a southern aspect. 这所房子朝南. C (in astrology) relative position of stars and planets, thought to influence events on earth 星位（占星术中命星与行星间的相对位置, 认为可影响人间事物）. C (grammar) range of meanings expressed by the verb forms have + past participle (eg has worked) or be + present participle (eg is working) 体（动词的语法范畴, 以have+过去分词表示, 如 has worked, 或以be+现在分词表示, 如 is working）. aspectual / spektul; spktl/ adj (grammar) concerned with aspect(5) （动词）体的: There is an aspectual difference between He crossed the road and He was crossing the road. He crossed the road和He was crossing the road两句中动词的体是不同