2非谓语动词复习新思路——由句到篇(2P) (2).doc

非谓语动词复习新思路王斌一、情况分析在广东高考英语中，无论是语法填空方面，还是在写作当中，都离不开非谓语动词。语法填空中每年都有一空考查非谓语动词。在写作中如果能正确地使用非谓语动词会让文章增色不少。可见，掌握好非谓语会让考生受益匪浅。本文现结合自己的教学体会，从“线”到“面”的角度，即从单句到篇章来谈谈非谓语的教学新思路。二、单句填空1.谓语和非谓语单句填空混合练习。在一个复杂的句子中，往往都有两个或以上的动词，我们做题时首先要区分这些动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词，否则会白费功夫。(1)That was definitely not an attractive idea so I politely declined her invitation, _ (close) my book and walked away. (2008广州一模)(2) the proverb, “plucking up a crop_ (help) it grow”, is based on the following story. (2008广东高考)(3)He_ (pretend) that a tiger toy was real and giving it a voice. (2011广东高考)(4)The cheerful and optimistic rabbit threw himself into looking for the carrot, _ (dig) here and there, totally convinced that he would find it. (2012广州一模)(5) Dudley, which is probably the heart of the Black Country, has a history _ (date) back over 1,000 years. (2011广州一模)(6) my friend looked at me with his eyebrows_(raise). (2011广州一模)答案：(1) closed (2)to help (3) was preventing (4) digging (5) dating (6) raised分析：如何判断谓语和非谓语：1. 当句子缺少谓语动词时，括号中的动词就是谓语动词。如例(3)。 2. 当句中已有谓语动词又有并列连词与括号中的动词并列时，该动词就谓语动词。如例(1)。3. 当句中已有谓语动词又没有并列连词与括号中的动词并列，或没有从属连词连接两个主从句时，该动词就非谓语动词。如例(2)(4)(5)。4. 在例句(6)中 with不是连词而是介词，后面的动词是非谓语动词，raise the eyebrow 是动宾关系，即为with sth. done的结构。2.非谓语单句填空训练。通过典型的单句练习，巩固高考常考的三种非谓语形式 to do /doing /done 的用法。(1)I got on the bus and found a seat near the back, and then I noticed a man_ (sit) at the front.（2011年广东）(2)She wished that he was as easy _(please)as her mother，who was always delighted with perfume（2009年广东）(3)While she was getting me _(settle) into a tiny but clean room(2007年广东)(4)_(walk) nearer, she looked up at me and then fixed her eyes on my can. （2011深圳二模）(5)Instantly, I felt so sorry. I had intended_ (help) her, completely misunderstanding her. （2011深圳二模）(6) She will lift her fork to swallow a mouthful, and then put it down again to make another point, leaving almost all of her meal_(touch). （2011深圳一模）答案：(1)sitting (2)to please (3) settled (4)Walking (5)to help (6) untouched分析：非谓语的一般式有三种具体形式：doing, done和 to do。1. doing该动词与修饰的词是主动关系，如(1) a man与sit，(4)she与walk。另外，在一些特定的动词后是接doing，如：spend, imagine等。2. done该动词与修饰的词构成动宾关系，即被动关系，如(3)settle me 和(6)touch meal。3. to do 该动词或表将来，或表目的，或用在形容词后作状语，或用在一些特定的及物动词后作宾语，或用在the first /last 后作定语，或在only to do结构中作状语，或用在特殊疑问词后等。如(2)(5)。3.一些特殊情况的非谓语练习。在一些特殊句型中会固定用某一种非谓语形式。另外，一些被动意义的汉语在英语中却用主动形式doing来表达，一些主动意义的汉语在英语中却用被动形式done来表达。(1)To this day, I have a hard time _ (let) others be affectionate towards me.（2012茂名二模）(2)The part _(blame) is your diaphragm, the muscle（肌肉）at the bottom of your chest. All hiccups start here. (2011广州二模)(3)On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, with their parents_ (seat) just joking there.（2012江西师大期中）答案：(1) letting (2) to blame (3) seated分析：在例句(1)中，have a hard time doing sth. 是一个固定句型；在例句(2)中，缺的是非谓语动词，be to blame是应受到责备之意，所以应填to blame，主动形式表被动意思；在例句(3)中，缺的是非谓语动词，被动形式表主动意思。三、篇章填空在教学中我们可以自编一些文段，把非谓语动词的三种高考常考形式doing /done/to do编在一个语篇中，让学生做填空训练，这样可以更深刻地掌握非谓语动词。The first aid knowledge _1_(acquire) in class may make a difference to others. One day, Peter, the last one _2_(leave) school, walked back home, _3_(think) about the class, which is about how _4_(give) first aid. Suddenly, he saw a girl _5_(lie) on the ground with blood_6_( flow) out. Obviously, the girl was hit by a vehicle , got badly injured and _7_(lose) her consciousness. Peter dialed “120” without delay _8_( call) a ambulance. While he _9_( wait) for the ambulance, according to the first aid knowledge, he took out his handkerchief and tried _10_( stop) the bleeding. Several minutes later, the ambulance _11_( arrive) here, the doctor did something urgent with the girl and praised Peter as well. Then _12_(place) safely onto the ambulance, the poor girl was sent to the hospital immediately and saved at last.答案：1. acquired 2. to leave 3. thinking 4. to give 5. lying 6. flowing 7. lost 8. to call 9. was waiting 10. to stop 11. arrived 12. placed分析：这是一篇有教育意义的文章，把学到的知识去帮助别人。这对我们会起到一定的教育作用。(7) (9) (11)是谓语动词；其余的是非谓语动词，包括非谓语to do, doing, done三种形式，训练比较全面。四、单句翻译有关非谓语的单句翻译练习应首先来源于高考题中的写作材料，其次是来自教材、模拟题和其它资料中的好词好句，这些句子既针对高考，又紧扣考生的学习和生活，容易引起考生的共鸣。如以下例句：1. 据王教授所说，在我国有略超过一半的在校孩子是近视的，位居世界排第一。（2009广东高考）According to Professor Wang, slightly more than half of the school children in our country are short-sighted, ranking the first in the world. 2. 昨天，我和另一个学生代表我们学校的学生会，到首都国际机场迎接今年的留学生。(人教版高中英语Book4 Unit4)Yesterday, another student and I, representing our universitys association, went to the Capital International Airport to meet this years international students.3. Allan Stewart，澳大利亚人，出生于1915年3月7日，于2006年成为了年龄最大获得硕士学位的人。（2012广东高考） Born on March 7th, 1915, Allan Stewart, of Australian nationality, became the oldest man to obtain a masters degree over the world in 2006. 4. 教育是我们的未来，因此，我会加大投入改善办学条件和办更多优质学校。（2012广州二模）Education is our future so I will invest more money to improve our schools conditions and build more quality schools. 5. Amy Chua所写的一本名为虎妈战歌Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother的书于2010年出版发行。（2011广东高考）A book entitled Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother by Amy Chua was published in 2010. 6. 学校植物园在校园西南角，占地面积约1000平方米。（2009广州一模）Located at the south-west corner of our school, the botanical garden covers an area of approximately 1000 square metres.分析：在例句1中ranking作状语；在例句2中representing作状语；在例句3中to obtain 修饰the oldest man 作后置定语；在例句4中to improve 在句中作目的状语；在例句5中entitled修饰book作后置定语；在例句6中Located at在句中作状语。五、语篇翻译只是单句翻译会很单调，在篇章中去运用所学知识，才会更有意义。结合热门话题去训练，考生会更感兴趣，效果更佳。用英语写一篇关于北京洪灾的简介：写作内容(1)2012年7月21日，一场特大洪灾袭击(hit/strike)了北京，造成了数十人死亡和巨大的经济损失。(2)受到洪水的影响，整个城市的交通几乎瘫痪(at a standstill)。(3)为了营救那些受困的人，政府及时采取有效的措施，派遣警察到受灾地区(the flood-stricken area)。(4)听到这个不幸消息后，很多农民工也自愿参加到救援活动中来。(5)经历这次洪灾之后，北京市民认识到了改善排水系统(the drainage system)的重要性。参考范文On July 21st, 2012, a terrible flood hit Beijing，causing dozens of peoples death and huge economic loss. Attack