2012高三英语浦东新区二模试卷.doc

浦东新区2011学年第二学期质量抽测高三英语试卷考试时间120分钟 满分150 分考生注意：1本试卷分为第卷和第卷两部分。满分150分。考试时间120分钟。2答第卷前，考生务必在答题纸上用钢笔或水笔清楚填写学校、姓名、准考证号，并用铅笔在答题纸上正确涂写准考证号。3第卷（116小题，2580小题）由机器阅卷，答案必须全部涂写在答题纸上。考生应将代表正确答案的小方格用2B铅笔涂黑。注意试题题号和答题纸编号一一对应，不能错位。答案需要更改时，必须将原选项用橡皮擦去，重新选择。第卷中的第1724小题，第8184小题和第卷的试题，其答案用钢笔或水笔写在答题纸上规定的范围内。如用铅笔答题，或写在试卷上一律不给分。Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. poisoned B. destruction C. survived D. increased E. especiallyF. chemicals G. concern H. decline I. occasionally J. sensitiveMore recent research has shown that many kinds of amphibians(两栖动物) are declining or have become extinct. Amphibians are animals, such as frogs, that live partly in water and partly on land. And they have been around for over 350 million years. They have 41 three mass extinctions, including the extinction of the dinosaurs. Why are they dying out now?The most serious aspect of amphibian loss, however, goes beyond the amphibians themselves. Scientists are beginning to think about what amphibian 42 means for the planet as a whole. If the earth is becoming unlivable for amphibians, is it also becoming unlivable for other kinds of animals and human beings as well?Scientists now believe that amphibian decline is due to several environmental factors. One of these factors is the 43 of habitat, the natural area where an animal lives. Amphibians are very 44 to changes in their habitat. If they cannot find the right conditions, they will not lay their eggs. These days, as wild areas are covered with houses, roads, farms, or factories, many kinds of amphibians are no longer laying eggs. There are a number of other factors in amphibian decline. Pollution is one of them. In many industrial areas, air pollution has 45 the rain, which then falls on ponds and kills the frogs that live there. In farming areas, the heavy use of 46 on crops has also killed off amphibians. Another factor is that air pollution has led to 47 levels of ultraviolet （UV） light. This endangers amphibians, which seem to be 48 sensitive to UV light. All these reasons for the disappearance of amphibians are also good reasons for more general 49 . These factors affect human beings, too. III. Reading Comprehension Section ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.We must face the fact that there are many aspects of the information age. All information makes us anxious. Over some of these, we have little or no control. On the other hand, there are steps we can take to eliminate much of 50 . We might say, then, that survival in the information age is a challenging yet 51 task.To some extent, we are all receivers and givers of information. Our brain, however, receives and processes information in different ways. One way involves the amazing capacity of the brain to process information subconsciously.Another way involves 52 processing of information such as during conversation. We have a great deal of control over this type of information processing - both as givers and receivers. If we indulge (任凭) ourselves talking about tiny things or even harmful information, valuable time and 53 can be wasted. Meanwhile this can make us and others anxious. You may lose opportunities to absorb and distribute information that is truly useful for 54 in this troubled world.Information gathered by reading is processed consciously and 55 takes longest. The written word is still the most powerful way of 56 imagination and conveying information, ideas, and concept.How can we 57 so much information from various sources, such as reading material, TV program, computer games, and other 58 activities? The answer is screening. Screening, sorting out or prioritizing what we need to hear, see, say or read may 59 much information anxiety.To cut through confusing information, 60 this basic rule: Keep it simple! The secret to processing information is narrowing your 61 of information. Simplicity is 62 in many Asian cultures and is even recognized in Western cultures as a superior way of living. Writer Duane Elgin 63 , “To live more simply is to live more purposefully and with a 64 of needless distraction.” 50. A. anxietyB. troubleC. interestD. curiosity51. A. donatingB. accomplishingC. rewardingD. searching52. A. sensitiveB. consciousC. unconsciousD. reasonable53. A. healthB. wealthC. powerD. energy54. A. expandingB. survivingC. stretchingD. bearing55. A. henceB. howeverC. stillD. yet56. A. cooperatingB. findingC. stimulatingD. removing57. A. think ofB. deal withC. do withD. rule over58. A. considerateB. professional C. humorousD. recreational59. A. get rid ofB. bring aboutC. break intoD. come to60. A. catchB. applyC. abandonD. offer61. A. rankB. limitC. fieldD. lane62. A. receivedB. suppliedC. labeledD. recommended 63. A. opposedB. statedC. declinedD. offered64. A. minimumB. maximumC. quantityD. presenceSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.（A）The State of Marriage Today Is there something seriously wrong with marriage today? During the past 50 years, the rate of divorce in the United States has exploded: almost 50of marriages end in divorce now, and the evidence suggests it is going to get worse, if this trend continues. It will lead to the breakup of the family, according to a spokesperson for the National Family Association. Some futurists predict that in 100 years, the average American will marry at least four times and extramarital affairs(婚外恋) will be even more common than they are now. But what are the reasons for this, and is the picture really so depressing? The answer to the first question is really quite simple: marriage is no longer the necessity it once was. The practice of marriage has been based for years partly on economic need. Women used to be economically dependent on their husbands as they usually didnt have jobs outside the home. But with the rising number of women in well-paying jobs, this is no longer the case, so they dont feel that they need to stay in a failing marriage. In answer to the second question, the prospects may not be as pessimistic as they seem. While the rate of divorce has risen, the rate of couples marrying has never actually fallen very much, so marriage is still quite popular. In addition to this, many couples now cohabit(同居) and dont bother to marry. These couples are effectively married, but they do not appear in either the marriage or divorce statistics. In fact, more than 50of first marriages survive. The statistics are unreliable because there is a higher number of divorces in second and third marriages than in first marriages. So is marriage really an outdated practice? The fact that most people still get married indicates that it isnt. And it is also true that married couples have a healthier life than single people: they suffer less from stress and its consequences, such as heart problems, and married men generally consider themselves more satisfied than their single counterparts. Perhaps the key is to find out what makes a successful marriage and apply it to all of our relationships!65. What does “this is no longer the case” in paragraph two mean? A. It is not necessary to get married any more. B. Women do not need a husband any longer. C. Women are not economically dependent any more. D. Many wives do well-paying jobs outside home now. 66. Why may the prospects of marriage not be as depressing as it appears? A. Many people still like to get married. B. The rate of divorce has actually decreased. C. many couples would rather cohabit than marry D. The statistics of divorce is not quite true。67. How do people usually feel in their marriage life? A. They are much safer. B. They feel no longer single. C. They are more satisfied. D. They suffer a lot less. 68. Which of the following about marriage is NOT mentioned in the passage? A. There will be more relationships outside marriage. B. Many people try to get married again after divorce. C. Marriage has long been partly an economic need. D. It is a fact that most people choose to get married. （B）The Hawaiian Islands HawaiiThe “Big Island” of Hawaii is a paradise (天堂) playground where visitors can enjoy a popular lifestyle and at the same time, witness the attraction of nature: thousands of square miles form a wonderland, featuring breathtaking beaches, forests, snowcovered mountains and amazing active volcanoes. A visit to Volcanoes National Park, which is described as a true wonder of the world, is a must. It is the states biggest attraction.AccommodationsSeasons Resort Hualalai: from $ 205.00Fairmont Orchid: from $108.00Sightseeing and ExperiencesCircle Island Tour: from $48.00KauaiThe beautiful landscape of Kauai has led to it being called the “Garden Isle”, but it is also referred to as the “Island of discovery”, and with good reason a land of striking natural contrasts just waiting to be explored. Green mountains, a breathtaking coastline and white sand beaches combine to make this magical place one of the worlds most relaxing locations.AccommodationsGrand Hyatt Kauai: from $ 101.00Sheraton Kauai Resort: from $ 79.00 MauiVoted the “Worlds Best Island”, Maui is widely regarded as one of the most romantic destinations on earth.It is known as the “Valley Isle” and was the ancient playground for Hawaiian royalty. The island is largely rural with a small and wonderful population and a host of attractions and nature wonders.AccommodationsHyatt Regency Maui Resort & Spa: from $ 87.00Sheraton Maui: from $ 99.00OahuOahu has a unique rhythm, filling the air with sweet fragrances (香气), music and language: from beaches and nightlife to rainforests and valleys. Adventure, romance, discovery Oahu waits for you.AccommodationsHalekulani: from $ 121.00Hilton Hawaiia: Village: from $ 73.00Sightseeing and ExperiencesRoyal Circle Island Tour: from $ 34.00Paradise Cove Luau: $ 44.00Lanai Lanai in one of the smallest Hawaiian Island, yet its full of surprises. Known as the “Pineapple Isle”, it combines all the natural beauties ranging from the paradise of Shipwreck Beach to underwater sea caves.AccommodationsFour seasons Resort Lanai at Manele Bay: from $ 134.00All prices are based on per person per night.69. For two adults spending two nights in one of the accommodations, they have to pay at least .A. $73.00B. $146.00C. $136.00D. $292.0070. According to the passage, the “Garden Isle” .A. is the smallest of the Hawaiian Islands B. is a place to explore the land of natureC. is an island with a very small population D. features beaches, forests and snow-covered mountains71. The passage is mainly intended to .A. tell differences between islands in HawaiiB. provide a better understanding of the geography of HawaiiC. offer accommodation services to the touristsD. attract people to make a visit to Hawaii（C）Longer Lives for Wild Elephants Most people think of zoos as safe places for animals, where struggles such as difficulty finding food and avoiding predators dont exist. Without such problems, animals in zoos should live to a ripe old age. But that may not be true for the largest land animals on Earth. Scientists have known that elephants in zoos often suffer from poor health. They develop diseases, joint problems and behavior changes. Sometimes, they even become unable to have babies. To learn more about how captivity(监禁) affects elephants, a team of international scientists compared the life spans of female elephants born in zoos with female elephants living outdoors in their native lands. Zoos keep detailed records of all the animals in their care, documenting factors such as birth dates, illnesses, weight and death. These records made it possible for the researchers to analyze 40 years of data on 800 African and Asian elephants in zoos across Europe. The scientists compared the life spans of the zoo-born elephants with the life spans of thousands of female wild elephants in Africa and Asian elephants that work in logging camps(伐木场), over approximately the same time period. The team found that female African elephants born in zoos lived an average of 16.9 years. Their wild counterparts who died of natural causes lived an average of 56 yearsmore than three times as long. Female Asian elephants followed a similar pattern. In zoos, they lived 18.9 years, while those in the logging camps lived 41.7 years. Scientists dont yet know why wild elephants seem to live so much better than their zoo-raised counterparts. Georgia Mason, a biologist at the University of Guelph in Canada who led the study, thinks stress and obesity(肥胖) may be to blame. Zoo elephants dont get the same kind of exercise they would in the wild, and most are very fat. Elephant social lives are also much different in zoos than in the wild, where they live in large herds and family groups. Another finding from the study showed that Asian elephants born in zoos were more likely to die early than Asian elephants captured in the wild and brought to zoos. Mason suggests stress in the mothers in zoos might cause them to have babies that are less likely to survive. The study raises some questions about acquiring more elephants to keep in zoos. While some threatened and endangered species living in zoos reproduce successfully and maintain healthy populations, that doesnt appear to be the case with elephants. 72. According to the first two paragraphs, unlike other zoo animals, zoo elephants _ . A. have difficulty eating food. B. 1ive to a ripe old age. C. are not afraid of predators. D. develop health problems. 73. Which of the following about the international scientists research on the life spans of elephants is NOT true? (See paragraph 3)? A. They compared zoo elephants with wild elephants. B. They kept detailed records of all the elephants in their care. C. They analyzed the records of the elephants kept in zoos. D. The zoo-born elephants they studied are kept in European zoos. 74. What do the scientists find in their research? A. Female elephants live longer than male elephants. B. Female zoo elephants live longer than their wild counterparts. C. Female zoo elephants die much earlier than their wild counterparts. D. Elephants in zoos and those in the wild enjoy the same long life spans. 75. Which of the following does the author suggest in the last paragraph? A. It may not be a wise policy to keep elephants in the zoo. B. Elephants are no longer an endangered species. C. Zoo-born elephants should be looked after more carefully. D. Zoos should keep more animals except elephants. Section CDirections: Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from AF for each paragraph. There is one extra heading which you do not need. An interview with Benno Nigg, the sports scientistA. What kind of technology might we see in sports shoes of the future?B. What should people look out for when buying a new pair of sports shoes?C. Will a more expensive shoe make me run faster or jump higher, as the ads suggest?D. Is it true that expensive shoes are no better at preventing injury than cheap ones?E. Some people say we should run just as well without shoes. Whats your opinion?F. You helped develop the unstable Masai MBT shoes. Does this design actually work?76. Niggs Answer: That is a little bit overstated. But the literature shows that shoes are a minor player in injury development. If you take a group of people and want to injure them, send them out every day for a 20-kilometre run. A lot of them will be injured in three weeks. The major factors are the distance run, the intensity and recovery time, not the shoes.77. Niggs Answer: The problem is that if you go to a store and want to find your best shoes, you dont know what to do. Things that are sometimes done, like video analysis of your rear foot movement, may not help. The only way to assess whether a shoe is right for you is how it feels. If you feel comfortable in a shoe, its likely to be good for you.78. Niggs Answer: A shoe may act as a training device, making some muscles to function more effectively for a majority of users. Or it may use materials that last longer. That may have something to do with its price. However, for the average runner it is difficult to distinguish between actual functional designs and unnecessary features. Generally, the more a shoe controls movement, the more it acts like a cast, which means you lose some muscle strength, and your feet are more likely to be injured.79. Niggs Answer: Yes, for about 80 per cent of people. The major benefits are training the small muscles crossing the ankle joint, and a reduction of knee and lower back pain. However, some claims for these unstable shoes are overstated, such as the general muscle strengthening that they are claimed to produce.80. Niggs Answer: There are claims that there are fewer injuries when you run barefoot, but there is not yet enough evidence, or enough research, to prove that. If you look at p