公共经济学术语(作业).docx

公共经济学专业术语Professional Terms in Public Economics第一章 绪论Chapter 1 Introductiono 纯公共部门与准公共部门Pure Public sector/ quasi-public sectoro 第三部门The Third Sectoro 非盈利组织与非政府组织NPO/NGOo 规范分析与实证分析Normative and Positive Analysiso 成本收益法Cost-benefit Analysis o 博弈论Game Theory Analysis o 归纳与演义法Induction and Deduction o 边际报酬递减规律law of diminishing marginal returnso 合作博弈（cooperative game）o 非合作博弈（non-cooperative game）o 智猪博弈（Pigs Payoffs/Pigs Game/Boxed Pigs)o 猎鹿博弈 (Stag Hunt Game) o 投票博弈 (Voting Game)第二章 资源配置与政府职能Chapter 2 Resources Allocation and Government Function2.1 资源配置2.1 Resources Allocation o 混合经济Mixed Economic Model o 资源最优配置Optimal Resources Allocationo 公平与效率Equity and Efficiency o 卡尔多希克斯定理Karldor-Hicks Principle o 帕累托最优Pareto Optimal ?o 帕累托无效 Pareto Invalid?o 帕累托改进Pareto Improvement ?o 效用可能性曲线The Utility Possibilities Curveo 边际社会成本与边际社会收益（MSR/MSC Marginal Social Cost/Marginal Social Cost)o 洛伦茨曲线Lorentz Curveo 基尼系数Gini Coefficiento 漏桶原理The Metaphor of a Leaky Bucket2.2 市场失灵与政府职能2.2 Market Failure and Government Functiono 市场失灵Market Failure o 不完全竞争Imperfect Competitiono 国家垄断与寡头垄断State Monopoly &Oligopolyo 囚徒困境Prisoners Dilemma o 搭便车Free-rideo 信息不对称理论Asymmetric Informationo 逆向选择Adverse selection o 优值品与劣值品Merit goods and demerit goodso 马太效应Matthew effect第三章公共产品与外部性Chapter 3 Public Goods and Externalitieso 纯公共产品与准公共产品Pure Public Goods /Quasi-public Goodso 非排他性与非竞争性Non-excludability/ Non-rivalrousness Consumption o 正外部性与负外部性Positive externality /negative externalityo 外部性内在化Internalization of Externalitieso 公地悲剧Tragedy of the Commonso 科斯定理The Coase Theorem第四章 公共选择Chapter 4 Public Choicesp 一致投票规则Unanimity Voting Rule p 多数投票规则 Majority Voting Rule p 投票悖论Voting Paradox p 单峰偏好与多峰偏好Single and Multiple peaked preference;p 阿罗不可能定理Arrows Impossibility Theorem p 否决投票规则 Veto Vote Rule p 中位选民定理The Median Voter Theoremp 用脚投票Voting by Footp 寻租rent-seeking/profit-seeking第五章公共支出Chapter 5 Public Expenditurep 消耗性支出（购买性支出）Exhaustive Expenditures p 转移性支付Transfer Expendituresp 政府采购Government Procurementp 社会保障支出Social Security Expendituresp 财政补贴支出Fiscal Subsidy Expendituresp 公共支出预算Public Expenditure Budgetp PPBS (planning-programming-budgeting System)第六章 公共收入 Chapter 6 Public Revenuep 公共收入Public Revenuep 收入税、财产税、营业税、销售税和消费税（Income Tax/Property Tax/Turnover Tax/Sales Tax/Consumption tax）p 增值税VAT (Value-added Tax) p 税收转嫁Shifting of Taxationp 税收前转与税收后转Shifted