《非谓语动词》PPT课件.ppt

Non finiteVerbs Infinitive gerund participle Infinitive 不定式 1 不定式的式和态 以动词do为例 相关例句 1 Mr Brownissupposedto forItalylastweek A haveleftB beleavingC leaveD havebeenleft2 Mr Johnsonpreferred heavierwordtodo A tobegivenB tobegivingC tohavegivenD havinggiven注 一般式 不定式动作在谓语动作之后或两动作同时发生完成式 不定式动作发生在谓语动作之前完成进行式 不定式动作在谓语动作之前 并持续到现在与谓语动作同时发生 2 不定式的句法功能 3 几点补充 1 不定式to的省略A 不定式作表语 若谓语有实词do 则不定式不带toAllIwantedtodowassolveitassoonaspossible B 介词but except save后可接不定式作宾语 若谓语是do则省略to 反之则不省Hehasnoalternativebuttogowithher LastnightIdidnothingbutwatchTV C 在hadbetter wouldrather sooner than would ratherthan cannot but can thelpbut mayaswell等习惯用法中 省略toMarycan thelpbutrushintotheheavyrain Hewouldratherstayathomethangotowork D 作使役动词make let have和感官动词see watch listento feel hear等的宾语补足语HemadeHelenteachusEnglish 注 此类句子的被动形式 to不可省略HelenwasmadetoteachusEnglish E 口语中 why开头的简单问句中 用不带to的不定式Whynotgoatonce 2 不定式的逻辑主语用for或of引出It sanhonorformetotakepartinthework It sveryniceofyoutoseemewhenIwasill 3 注意区分介词to和不定式to如 beused accustomed to beopposedto objectto lookforwardto stickto prefer to 等词组中to均为介词 Participle 分词 分词的式和态 以do为例 注 beingdone表被动语态的进行式 2 分词的句法功能 3 分词作状语的补充说明 1 分词可作伴随 时间 原因 条件等状语 前可有连词 伴随 Theystoodtherewatchingthemovie Prof Johnsoniscoming followedbyhisassistant 时间 When Comingdownthemountain Imetanoldfriend Seenfromthetopofthehill thecitylookedbeautiful 原因 Bornintoapoorfamily hehadonlytwoyearsofeducation Gettinguptoolate hemissedtheschoolbus 条件 Givenenoughsunlight paredwithyou westillhavealongwaytogo 2 独立结构 作状语 分词作状语时 其逻辑主语应和谓语动词的主语保持一致 否则 分词前必须加上名词或代词作为其主语 这种带主语的分词结构就叫独立结构 有时独立结构前还可用with Theboyreturned hisfacecoveredwithsweat Hisworkfinished hepackedthetoolsandleft Withtheissuesettled theywenthome Thehouseisverybeautifulwithsomanyflowerssurroundingit 注 with独立结构还可以是 with 名词 代词 不定式 介词短语 形容词或副词Withsomuchworktodo Ican tgowithyou WithnothinginterestingonTV wecanplaythebridgetonight 4 分词做宾补的补充说明 1 感官动词的宾补既可是分词 也可是不带to不定式Iheardhimtalkingtohissister 表正在进行 Iheardhimtellthestorytohissister 表动作全过程 2 have get 宾语 过去分词 分词动作并非主语所为You dbetterhaveyourlungX rayed Iamgoingtogetmyradiorepaired Gerund 动名词 动名词的基本形式 以动词do为例 2 动名词的句法功能 3 动名词的补充说明1 逻辑主语 可以是物主代词 名词所有格或普通格 人称代词宾格等Maryinsistedonhergoingtocollege Theoldmandoesn tlikeGeorgelosinghistemper Theoldmandoesn tlikelosinghistemper 2 在need want require demand beworth之后 表被动Thewindowneedscleaning Thebookisworthreading 3 接动名词不接不定式的常见动词 admit acknowledge anticipate advocate appreciate avoid can thelp resist stand consider contemplate defer delay deny detest dislike mind enjoy escape excuse evade facilitatefancy favor finish imagine include miss pardon postpone practice resent risk suggest 4 有些动词接续关系是 动词 宾语 into doing如 trick mislead shame talk trap beguile blackmail coerce deceive foolIshamedhimintoreturningthestolenmoney Don tlethisfriendlywordsmisleadyouintotrustinghim Shebeguiledmeintolendinghermoney 其它接续关系 动词 宾语 from doing这类动词有 stop prevent keep hinder restrain save等 基本含义是 使 不 Nothingcould