电子商务英语ppt课件

实用电子商务英语 学习指导电子商务在现代生活中的位置越来越重要 它的出现不仅为企业提供了创造效益的平台 而且也极大的方便了用户的使用 逐渐成为商务活动中占主导位置的形式 随着计算机及通信技术的发展 为电子商务发展提供了更加广阔的空间 Unit1IntroductiontoElectronicCommerce 本章主要介绍了以下内容 什么是电子商务电子商务的类型电子商务的发展 com的繁荣 破灭和重生电子商务的优势电子商务的劣势 1 1ElectronicCommerceandElectronicBusiness Tomanypeople theterm electroniccommerce meansshoppingonthepartoftheInternet However electroniccommerce ore commerce alsoincludesmanyotheractivities suchasbusinessestradingwithotherbusinessesandinternalprocessesthatcompaniesusetosupporttheirbuying selling hiring planning andotheractivities Somepeopleusethetermelectronicbusiness ore business whentheyare talkingaboutelectroniccommerceinthisbroadersense Forexample IBMdefineselectronicbusinessas thetransformationofkeybusinessprocessesthroughtheuseofInternettechnologies Mostpeopleusetheterms electroniccommerce and electronicbusiness interchangeably Inthisbook thetermelectroniccommerce ore commerce isusedinitsbroadestsenseandincludesall businessactivitiesconductedusingelectronicdatatransmissiontechnologies ThemostcommontechnologyusedistheInternet butothertechnologies suchaswirelesstransmissionsonmobiletelephoneandpersonaldigitalassistant PDA devices arealsoincluded 1 2CategoriesofElectronicCommerce Somepeoplefinditusefultocategorizeelectroniccommercebythetypesofentitiesparticipatinginthetransactionsorbusinessprocesses Thefivegeneralelectroniccommercecategoriesarebusiness to consumer business to business businessprocesses consumer to consumer andbusiness to government Thethreecategoriesthataremostcommonlyusedare ConsumershoppingontheWeb oftencalledbusiness to consumer orB2C TransactionsconductedbetweenbusinessesontheWeb oftencalledbusiness to business orB2B Transactionsandbusinessprocessesthatcompanies governments andotherorganizationsundertakeontheInternettosupportsellingandpurchasingactivities Tounderstandthesecategoriesbetter consideracompanythatmanufacturesstereospeakers Thecompany mightsellitsfinishedproducttoconsumersontheWeb whichwouldbeB2Celectroniccommerce ItmightalsopurchasethematerialsitusestomakethespeakersfromothercompaniesontheWeb whichwouldbeB2Belectroniccommerce Businessesoftenhaveentiredepartmentsdevotedtonegotiatingpurchasetransactionswiththeirsuppliers Thesedepartmentsareusuallynamedsupplymanagementorprocurement Thus B2Belectroniccommerceissometimescallede procurement Inadditiontobuyingmaterialsandsellingspeakers thecompanymustalsoundertakemanyotheractivitiestoconvertthepurchasedmaterialsintospeakers Theseactivitiesmightincludehiringandmanagingthepeoplewhomakethespeakers rentingorbuyingthefacilitiesinwhichthespeakersaremadeandstored shippingthespeakers maintainingaccountingrecords purchasinginsurance developingadvertisingcampaigns anddesigningnewversionsofthespeakers AnincreasingnumberofthesetransactionsandbusinessprocessescanbedoneontheWeb Manufacturingprocesses suchasthefabricationofthespeakers canbecontrolledusingInternettechnologieswithinthebusiness Allofthesecommunication control andtransaction relatedactivitieshavebecomeimportantpartsofelectroniccommerce SomepeopleincludetheseactivitiesintheB2Bcategory othersrefertothemasunderlyingorsupportingbusinessprocesses figure1 1ElementsofElectronicCommerce Figure1 1showsthethreemainelementsofelectroniccommerce Thefigurepresentsaroughapproximationoftherelativesizesoftheseelements Intermsofdollarvolumeandnumberoftransactions B2BelectroniccommerceismuchgreaterthanB2Celectroniccommerce However thenumberofsupportingbusinessprocessesisgreaterthanthatofB2CandB2Btransactionscombined ThelargeovalinFigure1 1thatrepresentsthebusinessprocessesthatsupportsellingandpurchasingactivitiesisthelargestelementofelectroniccommerce Someresearchersdefineafourthcategoryofelectroniccommerce calledconsumer to consumer orC2C whichincludesindividualswhobuyandsellitemsamongthemselves Forexample C2CelectroniccommerceoccurswhenapersonsellsanitemthroughaWebauctionsitetoanotherperson Inthisbook C2CsalesareincludedintheB2Ccategorybecausethepersonsellingtheitemactsmuchasabusinesswouldforpurposesofthetransaction Finally someresearchersalsodefineacategoryofelectroniccommerceasbusiness to government orB2G Thiscategoryincludesbusiness transactionswithgovernmentagencies suchaspayingtaxesandfilingrequiredreports AnincreasingnumberofstateshaveWebsitesthathelpcompaniesdobusinesswithstategovernmentagencies Forexample theCAL BuysitemakesiteasyforbusinessestoconductonlinetransactionswiththeStateofCalifornia Inthisbook B2GtransactionsareincludedinourdiscussionsofB2Belectroniccommerce Overthethousandsofyearsthatpeoplehaveengagedincommercewithoneanother theyhaveadoptedthetoolsandtechnologiesthatbecameavailable Forexample 1 3TheDevelopmentandGrowthofElectronicCommerce theadventofsailingshipsinancienttimesopenednewavenuesoftradetobuyersandsellers Laterinnovations suchastheprintingpress steamengine andtelephone haveeachchangedthewayinwhichpeopleconductcommerceactivities TheInternethaschangedthewaypeoplebuy sell hire andorganizebusinessactivitiesinmorewaysandmorerapidlythananyothertechnologyhasinthehistoryofbusiness AlthoughtheWebhasmadeonlineshoppingpossibleformanybusinessesandindividualsinabroadersense electroniccommercehasexistedformanyyears Formorethan30years bankshavebeenemployingelectronicfundstransfers EFTs alsocalledwiretransfers whichareelectronictransmissionsofaccountexchangeinformationoverprivatecommunicationnetworks Businessesalsohavebeenengaginginatypeofelectroniccommerce knownaselectronicdatainterchange formany years Electronicdatainterchange EDI occurswhenonebusinesstransmitscomputer readabledatainastandardformattoanotherbusiness Inthe1960s businessesrealizedthatmanyofthedocumentstheyexchangedwererelatedtotheshippingofgoods forexample invoices purchaseorders andbillsoflading Thesedocumentsincludedthesamesetofinformationforalmosteverytransaction Businessesalsorealizedthattheywerespendingagooddealoftimeandmoneyenteringthisdataintotheircomputers printingpaperforms andthenreenteringthedataontheothersideofthetransaction Althoughthepurchaseorder invoice andbillofladingforeachtransactioncontainedmuchofthesameinformation suchasitemnumbers descriptions prices andquantities eachpaperformusuallyhaditsownuniqueformatforpresentingthatinformation Bycreatingasetofstandardformatsfortransmittingthatinformationelectronically businesseswereabletoreduceerrors avoid printingandmailingcosts andeliminatetheneedtoreenterthedata BusinessesthatengageinEDIwitheachotherarecalledtradingpartners TheU S government whichisoneofthelargestEDItradingpartnersintheworld alsowasinstrumentalinbringingbusinessesintoEDI Fornineyears endingin2001 theDefenseLogisticsAgencyoperatedanumberofElectronicCommerceResourceCenters ECRCs throughoutthecountry TheECRCsprovidedfreeassistancetomanybusinesses especiallysmallerbusinesses sotheycoulddoEDIwiththeU S DefenseDepartmentandotherfederalagencies TheGeorgiaInstituteofTechnologycontinuestooperateoneofthesecentersastheGeorgiaTechElectronicCommerceResourceCenter whichservesbusinessesinAlabama Georgia andTennessee Between1997and2000morethan12 000Internet relatedbusinesseswerestartedwithmorethan 100billionofinvestors money Inanextendedburstofoptimismandwhatmanycametodescribeasirrationalexuberance investorsfearedthattheymightmissthemoney makingopportunityofalifetime 1 4TheDot ComBoom Bust andRebirth Asmoreinvestorscompetedforafixednumberofgoodideas thepriceofthoseideasincreased Worse anumberofbadideaswereproposedandfunded Morethan5000ofthesecompanieswentoutofbusinessorwereacquiredinthedownturnthatbeganin2000 Themediacoverageofthe dot combust wasextensive However between2000and2003 morethan 200billionwasinvestedinpurchasingelectroniccommercebusinessesthatwereintroubleandstartingnewonlineventures accordingtoindustryresearchfirmWebMergers Thissecondwaveoffinancialinvestmenthasnotbeenreportedextensivelyineitherthegeneralorbusinessmedia butitisfuelingarebirthofgrowthinonlinebusinessactivity Afterseeingsomanynewstoriesduringtheperiodfrom2000through2002proclaimingthedeathofelectroniccommerce manypeoplearesurprisedtofindthatthegrowthinonlineB2Csaleshadcontinuedthroughthatperiod althoughataslowerpacethanduringtheboomyearsofthelate1990s hus the bust thatwassowidelyreportedinthemediawasreallymoreofaslowdownthanatruecollapse Afterfouryearsofdoublingortriplingeveryyear growthinonlinesalesslowedtoanannualrateof20to30percentstartingin2001 Mostexpertsexpectthisgrowthratetocontinueoverthenextseveralyears OneforcedrivingthegrowthinonlinesalestoconsumersistheeverincreasingnumberofpeoplewhohaveaccesstotheInternet ThePewInternet AmericanLifeProject fundedbythePewCharitableTrusts beganconductingseverallong termresearchprojectsin2000tostudythegrowthoftheInternetanditseffectsonsociety YoucanconsultitsWebsiteforthelatestreportsontheseprojects In2004 aPewresearchprojectfoundthattwo thirdsofInternetusershavepurchasedatleastoneitemonline Firmsareinterestedinelectroniccommercebecause quitesimply itcanhelpincreaseprofits Justaselectroniccommerceincreasessalesopportunitiesfortheseller itincreasespurchasingopportunitiesforthebuyer 1 5AdvantagesofElectronicCommerce Businessescanuseelectroniccommercetoidentifynewsuppliersandbusinesspartners NegotiatingpriceanddeliverytermsiseasierinelectroniccommercebecausetheInternetcanhelpcompaniesefficientlyobtaincompetitivebidinformation Electroniccommerceincreasesthespeedandaccuracywithwhichbusinessescanexchangeinformation whichreducescostsonbothsidesoftransactions Manycompaniesarereducingtheircostsofhandlingsalesinquiries providingpricequotes anddeterminingproductavailabilitybyusingelectroniccommerceintheirsalessupportandorder takingprocesses Thebenefitsofelectroniccommerceextendtothegeneralwelfareofsociety Electronicpaymentsoftaxrefunds publicretirement andwelfaresupportcostlesstoissueandarrivesecurelyandquicklywhentransmittedovertheInternet Furthermore electronicpaymentscanbeeasiertoauditandmonitorthanpaymentsmadebycheck providingprotectionagainstfraudandtheftlosses otheextentthatelectroniccommerceenablespeopletotelecommute everyonebenefitsfromthereductionincommuter causedtrafficjamandpollution Electroniccommercecanalsomakeproductsandservicesavailableinremoteareas Forexample distanceeducationismakingitpossibleforpeople tolearnskillsandearndegreesnomatterwheretheyliveorwhichhourstheyareavailableforstudy Somebusinessprocessesmayneverlendthemselvestoelectroniccommerce Forexample perishablefoodsandhigh cost uniqueitems suchascustom designedjewelry mightbeimpossibletoinspectadequatelyfromaremotelocation regardlessofanytechnologiesthatmightbedevisedinthefuture 1 6DisadvantagesofElectronicCommerce Mostofthedisadvantagesofelectroniccommercetoday however stemfromthenewnessandrapidlydevelopingpaceoftheunderlyingtechnologies Thesedisadvantageswilldisappearaselectroniccommercematuresandbecomesmoreavailabletoandacceptedbythegeneralpopulation internal in t nl a 内在的 国内的 反 external外部的 hire hai n 租金 工钱 租用 雇用 vt 雇请 出租 vi 受雇interchange int t eind vt 指两人等 交换 v 相互交换categorize k tig raiz v 加以类别 分类 Vocabulary participate p tisipeit vi 参与 参加 分享 分担stero prefix表示 立体 的意思procurement pr kju m nt n 获得 取得rent rent v 租 租借 出租 n 租金fabrication f bri kei n n 制作 构成 伪造物 装配工approximation pr ks mei n n 接近 走近 数 近似值 engage in geid vt 使忙碌 雇佣 预定 使从事于 使参加 vi 答应 从事 交战 机 接合 advent dv nt n 尤指不寻常的人或事 出现 到来auction k n n 拍卖 vt 拍卖avenue vinju n 林荫道 大街 方法 途径 路innovation in u vei n n 改革 创新invoice inv is n 发票 发货单 货物 v 开发票 记清单 instrumental instru mentl a 仪器的 器械的 乐器的boom bu m n 繁荣 隆隆声 v 发隆隆声 兴隆 迅速发展bust b st v 破灭investor in vest n 投资者optimism ptimizm n 乐观 乐观主义 反 pessimism悲观主义 irrational i r nl a 无理性的 失去理性的exuberance ig zju b r ns n 茂盛 丰富 健康 downturn daunt n n 低迷时期venture vent n 冒险 投机 风险 v 冒险 冒昧 斗胆 胆敢 谦语 triple tripl n 三倍数 三个一组 a 三倍的 v 成三倍 增至三倍access kses n 通路 访问 入门 vt 存取 接近bid bid vt 出价 投标 祝愿 命令 吩咐 n 出价 投标 v 支付quote kw ut vt 引用 引证 提供 提出 报 价 audit dit n 审计 稽核 查帐 vt 稽核 旁听 vi 查账fraud fr d n 欺骗 欺诈行为 诡计 骗子 假货 telecommute telik mju t vi 在家里通过使用与工作单位连接的计算机终端 远距离工作 vt 通讯perishable peri bl adj 容易腐烂的mature m tju adj 成熟的 到期的 充分考虑的 票据等 到期的 vt 使成熟 vi 成熟 到期 integrate intigreit vt 使成整体 使一体化 求 的积分v 结合conduct k nd kt n 行为 操行 v 引导 管理 为人 传导Oval uv l a 卵形的 椭圆形的n 卵形 椭圆形 Phrases e commerce电子商务 本书采用此做电子商务的专有名词 e business电子商务finishedproduct成品purchaseorder采购订单billsoflading提货单 GeorgiaTechElectronicCommerceResourceCenter佐治亚电子商务技术资源中心gooutofbusiness倒闭onlinebusiness网上企业PewCharitableTrusts教友慈善信托基金stemfrom由 发生 滋生 AbbreviationsPDApersonaldigitalassistant个人数字终端B2Cbusiness to consumer企业对消费者B2Bbusiness to business企业对企业C2Cconsumer to consumer消费者对消费者 B2Gbusiness to government消费者对政府EFTelectronicfundstransfer电子资金转移ECRCsElectronicCommerceResourceCenters电子商务资源中心 NotestothePassage 1 注意以下4个词的不同含义 transformvt 使变化 改变transfervt vi 迁移 移转transmitvt 传 播 送 传送 光 热 transactvt vi 办理 处理 交易 2 在英语中 采取 名词 分词 或形容词 的形式 起到对名词做修饰和加强的作用 如本文中的 transaction related 相关交易的 computer readable 计算机可读的 money making 制造货币的 获取利润的 order taking 采取订单的 commuter caused 通讯引起的 3 IBMdefineselectronicbusinessas thetransformationofkeybusinessprocessesthroughtheuseofInternettechnologies IBM公司认为e business是 使用互联网技术进行的关键业务流程转移 define as 将 定义为 4 Somepeoplefinditusefultocategorizeelectroniccommercebythetypesofentitiesparticipatinginthetransactionsorbusinessprocesses 有些人认为可以按参与交易的实体或企业的流程方对电子商务进行分类 这里participating做后置定语 修饰entities 5 Businessesoftenhaveentiredepartmentsdevotedtonegotiatingpurchasetransactionswiththeirsuppliers 企业往往会设立专门的部门负责同供应商谈判采购交易 6 Intermsofdollarvolumeandnumberoftransactions 从交易额和交易量来看intermsof表示 依据 7 Overthethousandsofyearsthatpeoplehaveengagedincommercewithoneanother在过去几千年的贸易实践中 engage表示人们之间从事贸易的活动 8 TheInternethaschangedthewaypeoplebuy sell hire andorganizebusinessactivitiesinmorewaysandmorerapidlythananyothertechnologyhasinthehistoryofbusiness 互联网则比此前其他任何工具更大范围 更迅速地改变了人们采购 销售 招聘员工 组织业务活动的方式 这里 that peoplebuy 做定语从句 9 Morethan5000ofthesecompanieswentoutofbusinessorwereacquiredinthedownturnthatbeganin2000 在2000年开始的低迷期中 有五千多家互联网公司倒闭或被并购 这里的beacquired表示 被并购 的含义 10 Electroniccommerceincreas