八年级英语下册 Module 3 Journey to space重点短语和重点语法 （新版）外研版

module 3 journey to space重点短语：1.what are you up to?你在干什么？2.the latest news 最新消息 3.get information 获得信息4.search for 寻找，搜索5.in order to 为了6.much 比较级 .得多7.on earth 在世界上，在人间，究竟，到底8.communicate with sb 与某人交流9.hundreds of 数以百计的10.go around 绕着.走11.billions of 数十亿的12.take photos 拍照 13.send.to. 把.送到. 14.no problem 没问题15.be far away（from) 离.远16.go online 上网17.search for 搜索18.more than 超过；多余19.look for 寻找20.look like 看起来像21.finish doing sth 做完某事语法总结：1. what are you up to? 你在忙什么？ be up to 忙于做某事，口语用法。2. i havent started yet because im not sure how to make it.我还没开始因为我不确定如何做。it has already arrived . 它已经到达了。already 已经，用于现在完成时肯定句的句中。 yet 还没，尚未。用于现在完成时疑问句或否定句的句末。疑问词（what/ when/ where/which/why/ how）+不定式 to do3. thats why its on the news. 这就是为什么它在新闻上播出。 thats why+结果 那是为什么 thats because+原因 那是因为 on the news 在新闻上4. discover 发现已经存在但未知的事物 5. no one has been to mars yet. 没人去过火星。none of them has an environment like that of the earth. 没有一个有像地球一样的环境。no one 没有一个人， 后加谓语动词单数。no one likes me.none 没有，常与of连用，后加谓语动词单数或复数。none of them like me.6. lots of scientists are working hard in order to send astronauts to mars one day.in order to do sth 为了做某事（表目的） in order not to do sth 为了不做某事we study hard in order to get good marks. we study hard in order not to get bad marks.7. how can i get information on space travel?get information on 获得关于的信息 8. hundreds of millions of hundred（百）、thousand（千）、million（百万）、billion（十亿），当它们前有数字，后面不加s，当前面没有数字，后面则加s和of.two hundred/thousand/million/billion hundreds / thousands/millions/ billions of9. reach 地点 arrive at小地点/in大地点 到达某地get to 地点 当后面遇到here/there/home时，介词去掉。we have reached/arrived/get here for one year.10. how large is the universe? 多大 how long 问时间 how much 问价格 how far 问多远 how often 问频率，回答用once/twice/three times. how many 问数量，回答用数字。how many students? 36.11. it is impossible to imagine. it is/was + adj+ for sb+ to do sth 做事情怎么样。常见形容词：impossible（不可能） difficult/hard（困难的） necessary（必要的）important（重要的） awful（极其讨厌的）humourous（幽默的）12. no spaceship has traveled far enough to reach other stars in our galaxy.没有宇宙飞船已经飞得足够远去到达我们银河系的其他恒星上。adj+enough+to do sth 足够去做某事i am old enough to travel by myself.13. why has no one communicated with us? 为什么没人和我们交流？communicate with sb 与某人交流补充知识清单make sth for sb 为某人制作某物 no problem 没问题 the latest news最新消息 several months 几个月 in the space在太空中 on the earth在地球上 far away 遥远 go online上网 search for information 寻找消息 any other planets 其他任何行星 go around 围绕.转 a small part of 一小部分the milky way 银河系 take photos照相大语法：现在完成时（二）1. 当表示动作已经完成，并对现在有一定影响时，我们一般用现在完成时。同时，可分用just, already或yet加以强调或说明。例如：i have just heard the news. 我刚听到消息。astronauts have already been to the moon. 宇航员已经去过月球了。he has just started to explore other planets. 我们才刚刚开始探索其他行星。可以看出，just 用来表示“刚刚”， already 用来表示“已经”，两者都用于肯定句中，一般是置于have / has 之后。在否定句中则可用yet, 表示“还未”， 有“以后可以会”的含义。例如：the scientists have not heard from it yet. 科学家还没有收到它发出的信息。man has not discovered any life in space yet. 人类尚未在太空中发现生命。2. 另外，在使用现在完成时的时候，要注意与一般过去时的区别。现在完成时在表达经历时只表示该事件是在现在之前的某一个时间里发生的，重点在于已完成动作对现在的影响。而一般过去时则表示在过去某一具体时间发生的事情。例如：i have just been to london. i went there last month. 我刚去过伦敦，上个月去的。i have already finished my homework. i finished it an hour ago. 我已经完成家庭作业了，一小时前完成的。3. 在没有明确的过去时间状语时，如何判断该用现在完成时还是该用过去时呢？判断的标准是看该行为是否对现在有影响，也就是说该句强调的是什么。试看以下对话：a: where have you put my book? i cant find it. 你把我的书放哪儿去了？我找不到。b: iput it on your desk yesterday. 我昨天放你桌子上了。该对话中，当a 问对方把自己的书放在何处时，a 感兴趣的是现在的状态，因此用现在完成时。但是b 回答时只是说明当时放的位置，所以用一般过去时。再看下面的对话：a: would you like to go and see the film with me tonight ? 你今晚想和我去看电影吗？b: sorry, i have seen it already. 不好意思，我已经看过那部电影了。对话中的现在完成时表示对结果的强调：“电影看过了，所以不想再看了。习题i. 根据句意和首字母提示完成单词。1there are s_ books on the shelf2there is the earth，the sun，the moon and many other stars in the u_3we are a_ on the island，but we dont feel lonely4shes j_ eaten her lunch5how do you change our e_? 6we sent the i_ to the earth.7hes g_ to beijing，so you cant see him nowii. 用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。1we all know the earth _(go)around the sun2there are _(billion)of stars in our galaxy3my mother isnt at homeshe _(go)to shanghaiso my father and i should take care of my old grandma4how large is the universe? no one _(know)5i have finished _(read)the book.iii. 选择方框中的单词填空。yet ever already for never1. have you_ been to new york?2i havent been to new york_but ill go there this summer.3i dont believe your family has owned a truck _ over 90 years.4my parents are _ late for work. they always get up early.5hes _ told his parents about his plansiv. 句型转换。1he has read the book who moved my cheese(改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答) _2. mary has already visited the summer palace(改为否定句)_3i have learned hundreds of new words(改为同义句)i have learned _ _ new words4i cant run as quickly as my sister(改为同义句) my sister can run _ _ _me5they havent seen each other for years(就划线部分提问) _ _ _they seen each other?v. 根据汉语提示，完成句子。1很多航天员已经去过太空站。 a lot of _ have _ _ _ the space station.2他们都不知道保护环境。 _ of them know _ _ the _.3我不可能同陌生人交谈。 its _ for me _ _ _ strangers4宇宙飞船已经到达月球。 the _ has _ _ the moon5科学家们在月球上发现水了吗？ have the _ _ water on the moon?vi. 用havehas been或havehas gone填空1wheres jim? he _ to guilin2i _ to the west lakelook! i have taken many photos on it3she _ to the park；she will be back in two hours4we _ to the bookshop and bought many books5i _ to hong kong twice6i _ never _ to the beach in sanya7the blacks _ just _ to chongqing im afraid you cant see themvii. 单项选择。1_ he _ to new york? if so, he can choose another city adid；travel bdoes；travel chas；traveled dis；traveling2the two astronauts have _ returned from the space station ajust bjust now cyet dstill3what languages use the names of the planets _ the days of the week? aof babout cfor dwith4have you finished _ the novel? aread breads cto read dreading5he speaks english as _ as i awell bgood cbetter dbest6he asked me _ it secret akeeping bto keep ckept dkeeps7they have tried _ water on the mars a to find bfind cfound dfinds8_ earth turns around _ sun aan；a ba；a cthe；the dthe；a9no one _ told him to do so ais bwas chave dhas10my father _ to qingdao many times a has been bhas gone chave dgoes11the old man lives _，but he doesnt feel _alonely；lonely balone；alone clonely；alone dalone；lonely12kate couldnt _ her bag anywhere. adiscover bfind csaw dlook for13zhang feng is a league memberhe _ the league since 3 years ago ajoined bjoined in chas been in dhas joined in14look at the signit says“no parking” _a. sorry，i dont see it bthats all right cthats ok dsorry，i didnt see it15hurry up! the film _ for ten minutesawas on bstarted chas been on dhas started【真题链接】1. a nice car! is it yours?no, it isnt. i it from a friend of mine two days ago.a. borrowb. have borrowedc. will borrowd. borrowed2. next month were going somewhere interesting as soon as the holiday .a. will beginb. has begunc. beginsd. is beginning 3. ben and sue arent home, are they? no. they _to london on business.a. have gone b. go c. have been d. will goviii. 补全对话。a. oh, here it comes. b. it doesnt matter. c. im sorry for that. d. what can i do for you?david: excuse me. waitress: yes? 1 david: i ordered my dish half an hour ago, but i havent got it yet. waitress: 2 im going to see if its ready. (the waitress comes back from the kitchen. )david: sir, ive just checked with the kitchen and your food will come up next. 3 .david: thank you. waitress: please enjoy your food. again, im sorry that i have kept you waiting so long. david: 4 1_ 2_ 3_ 4_ 参考答案i. 根据句意和首字母提示完成单词。1several 2universe 3alone 4just 5environment 6information 7gone ii. 用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。1.goes 2billions 3has gone 4knows 5reading iii. 选择方框中的单词填空。1. ever 2. yet 3. for 4. never 5.alreadyiv. 句型转换。1has he read the book who moved my cheese? yes，he has 2mary hasnt visited the summer palace yet 3several hundred 4more quickly than 5how long haventv. 根据汉语提示，完成句子。1astronauts; already been to2none; to protect, environment3impossible; to communicate with4spaceship; arrived on5scientists discoveredvi. 用have/has been或have/has gone填空。1. has gone 2have been 3has gone 4have been 5have been 6. have; been 7. have; gonevii. 单项选择。1c 【解析】根据下句的“choose another city ”可知上一句是问：他是否去纽约旅行过。2a 【解析】因为句子用了现在完成时，故只能选a。yet用于否定句及疑问句中；just now一般用于过去时中；still不符合句意