山西省太原市第五中学2020届高三英语上学期10月阶段性检测试题

山西省太原市第五中学2020届高三英语上学期10月阶段性检测试题第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分60分）第一节 （共15小题；每小题3分，满分45分）(a)many of us know about russias lake baikal from our textbooks, or by listening to chinese singer li jians hit song, lake baikal. but over the past decade, the worlds deepest freshwater lake has been in the spotlight for an extreme sport.each march since 2005, about 150 people from around the world sign up for the baikal ice marathon. they come to explore the lakes breathtaking beauty and challenge themselves in unpredictable conditions.the 26-mile (41. 84-kilometers) journey starts on the lakes eastern shore. in march, the ice is a meter thick and iron-hard. runners cross this frozen surface, finishing on the western side of the lake.known as the “blue eye of siberia”, lake baikal has exceptionally clear waters. this means its ice is almost perfectly transparent. “seen from above, a runner on the ice looks as if he or she is jogging through space,” the new york times noted.the landscape might be beautiful, but its also harsh. strong winds blast (侵袭) across the lake and frostbite (冻伤) can occur within half an hour. runners say the cold climate is what draws them. they want to test their limits.“when you are in such an environment, you dont have cars around you, you dont have the noise around. i think these extreme races allow you to be alone with nature,” alicja barahona, a 64-year-old runner from the us, told abc news.the location offers some strange and unique characteristics for this marathon. the finish line is visible from the start. but the endless white offers no progress markers. the race also ends with little fanfare (喧闹). tourists crowding the ice are mostly addicted to snapping series (自拍) and just ignore the runners.for some runners, the absence of spectators makes the race more challenging, because its lonely. they must fight with themselves. “you are alone on baikal. it is your race. you are alone with yourself. all you need to do is to defeat yourself,” veronique messina, a french runner, told the telegraph.1. what can we know about the baikal ice marathon from the text?a. it takes runners from the northern end to the southern end of the lake.b. it involves extreme weather and beautiful scenery.c. it attracts more and more participants each year.d. it is about 26 kilometers in length.2. how does the baikal ice marathon differ from other marathons?a. only men are allowed to run in this race.b. the runners can see the finish line from the start.c. the runners are often distracted by tourists.d. there are many progress markers on the ice.3. what is the most difficult part of the race for messina? a. loneliness. b. the long distance. c. the cold climate. d. noisy surroundings. (b)in 1972, a social worker named sanjit bunker roy founded barefoot college in tilonia, rajasthan. today the college trains women from villages for six months to build and maintain solar panels and other instruments. barefoot college also offers education to the younger generation both during the day and at its solar bridge schools that meet by lamplight at night.the philosophy of barefoot college is largely inspired by the principles of gandhi, starting with equality beyond caste (种姓), gender or religion. as a matter of fact, women are prioritized (优先考虑) as an underserved population that is essential to bringing villages together. another central principle of the college is self-reliance, teaching students to support and think for themselves.after the colleges female students have completed their half-year of training, they return to their villages where they wait for solar panel parts to arrive from the college. once they have all the pieces they need, they construct the panels and begin collecting solar energy. for each village, the college also provides solar lamps. villagers can, in addition, order parts for other solar-powered devices, such as water heaters and cooking stoves. once assembled, they and the lamps are powered by the solar panels.the effect on the villages is huge. before the solar panels and lamps arrived, villagers had only candles to light their homes. this prevented adults from doing serious work at night, and it made studying difficult for children as well. as for physicians, they had difficulty treating patients and performing operations at night because they had to rely on flashlights.now there is power for not only the electrical appliances that the college provides but also devices like televisions, radios and computers. for the first time, the villagers can even connect to the world through the internet.4. what does this text explain about the college?a. how it accomplishes its goals.b. how its global efforts are funded.c. how its founder hires employees.d. how it works with the government.5. which idea is communicated by the college to women?a. they should be more involved in politics.b. they dont have to depend on others.c. they arent educating their daughters enough.d. they focus too much on their communities.6. which role do the women play after they return to their villages?a. theyre merchants. b. theyre composers.c. theyre technicians. d. theyre journalists.7. in the past, what was hard to provide in villages after dark?a. dry shelter b. clean waterc. medical care d. food supplies (c) imagine you are opening your own company and want to hire a manager. you have two candidates and they are both capable and experienced, so who would you rather hire: julia watson or shobha bhattacharva? chances are that you would prefer watson, right? but why? “easy names are evaluated as more familiar, less risky and less dangerous, ” eryn newman, a scientist at victoria university of wellington, new zealand, told scientific american. as a result, people with easier names are often assumed to be more trustworthy. this is what newman and her teammates have found in their recent study. in the experiment, they picked 18 different foreign names, including difficult-to-pronounce ones like yevgeni dherzhinsky and easy names like bodo wallmeyer. they then attached each name with a statement such as “turtles are deaf” and “giraffes are the only mammals that cannot jump” and asked volunteers whether they thought the claims were true.the results showed that claims connected to easier names were more often ranked as believable than those attributed to difficult names, regardless of what the truth really was. in fact, previous studies have already found that our judgments about products can be affected by their names. for example, we tend to think of a food additive (添加剂) with an easier name as safer and a stock with an easier name as more lucrative (利润丰厚的)，according to medical daily. but researchers pointed out that this effect can change depending on where someone comes from. for example, a native british man may find “yevgeni dherzhinsky” hard to pronounce while russian people could say it without effort. newman hopes that this finding can make us better see our biases (偏见). its not just unfair to people that we make judgments based on gut feelings (直觉) rather than facts, and it can sometimes have serious consequences.for example, we may choose to believe certain eyewitnesses in court simply because their names sound more trustworthy even if they are actually lying. or, we may let go of qualified job candidates due to their “difficult” names.now, if you could make that decision again, would you still prefer julia watson to shobha bhattacharva?8. what did newman and her teammates discover in their experiment?a. volunteers with easier names were more likely to choose true claims.b. a difficult name doesnt influence the way the volunteers viewed the claims.c. volunteers trusted claims paired with easy names more often.d. volunteers trusted claims connected with difficult names.9. the underlined words “this effect” in paragraph 5 refer to the effect _.a. names have on peoples judgmentsb. gut feelings have on people from different placesc. of decisions made based on factsd. of peoples biases against certain types of people10. what can we conclude from the last paragraph?a. we should think twice before we make a decision.b. the harder your name is to pronounce, the more likely it is you will get a job.c. judging people based on their names may cause serious problems.d. russians have less bias against peoples names than the british.11. what is probably the best title for the text? a. names affect productsb. employers prefer shobha bhattacharvac. difficult names are trustworthyd. easy names win out (d)many of us have had this experience: we lie down in a bed other than our own, perhaps at a friends house or in a hotel room, and find it difficult or impossible to fall asleep. is it because the bed is uncomfortable? maybe, but perhaps there can be other reasons.according to a new study published in current biology, a significant reason is what the scientists call “first night effect”. they believe that one side of the brain acts as a “night watch” to warn us about potential dangers. it forces us to stay awake on the first night in a new environment. for the study, 35 young volunteers were asked to sleep in a sleep lab for several days. meanwhile, researchers watched their brain activities.according to the researchers, on their first night, the left brains were more active than the right brains and people had a hard time sleeping. however, left-brain activity decreased as days went by, falling even to the point of complete calm. in this process, the participants got an increasingly better sleep experience.the findings suggest that the different rhythms (5%) of the sides of the brain affect our sleep. when the two sides work differently, the balance between them is broken. thus, the brain cant relax and is sensitive to anything strange in the surroundings, just as it is in daytime.“at some level, the brain is continuing to analyze things, even though you are not aware of the analysis, ” us professor jerome siegel told smithsonian magazine. “if something unusual happens - if a door opens or you hear a key in a lock- you can be alert, even though the intensity of the stimulus (刺激) is quite low.”more surprisingly, this phenomenon is similar to the way some animals sleep. whales, dolphins, and many birds can sleep with half of their brain while the other half stays awake, with its corresponding eye staying open.the researchers think that it is the result of evolution, and works to protect us in potentially dangerous environments.if you have ever had what you think is “first night effect”, researchers suggest that you bring your own pillow or sleep in a room similar to your bedroom next time you sleep away from home.12. what did the new study published in current biology find?a. a comfortable bed could help people sleep well in a new environment.b. most people could sleep well in a new environment after the first night.c. brain activities affected peoples sleep in a new environment.d. the right brain determined how well people slept in a new environment.13. what was found out about the volunteers?a. their left brains were more active on the first night.b. their right brains became more active as days went by.c. their right brains kept them awake the whole night.d. they slept better in the sleep lab than at home.14. what do the researchers think makes the brain sensitive to new things?a. the bad sleep experiences people have had.b. the tiredness that people suffer from in daytime.c. the imbalance between the two sides of the brain.d. the strangeness of the things that people come across15. what do the researchers think of “first night effect” ?a. it has evolved as a way to protect us.b. its a characteristic that animals dont have.c. its completely different from the way animals sleep.d. it helps people to get used to new environments quickly.第二节 （共5小题；每小题3分，满分15分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。a rocket problem that forces astronauts to evacuate (撤退) may appear to be a plot straight out of a hollywood movie. however, that is exactly what happened to russian astronaut alexey ovchinin and american astronaut nick hague. _16_ the event happened shortly after the soyuz rocket and its soyuz ms-to space capsule (联盟号太空舱) carrying the astronauts took off from baikonur cosmodrome, kazakhstan. _17_ the takeoff went off smoothly, but just 119 seconds later, officials from russias space agency informed nasa the booster (助推器) had failed to separate from the capsule. _18_ instead, they were ordered to evacuate by separating the capsule and returning to earth in what is known as a ballistic descent mode (弹道下降模式). the sharp drop is similar to free-falling from the skies and subjects astronauts to high levels of g-force._19_ they appeared to be in excellent condition when they crash-landed about 20 kilometers east of dzhezkazgan, kazakhstan, just 34 minutes after they stopped the task. upon arrival, they were quickly found by the rescue team from baikonur cosmodrome and taken to the hospital for a quick check-up to ensure they had not suffered any injuries during their rough ride back to earth.it will take a few weeks for experts to determine what caused the problem of the usually reliable soyuz rocket. _20_ hague, who was on his way to the space station for the first time later joked, “i imagined that my first trip to outer space was going to be a memorable one. i didnt expect it to be quite this memorable.”a. to their sadness, this event became a nightmare for their future space journey.b. the two scientists were on their way to carry out a six-month task at the international space station.c. surprisingly, the harrowing event has not stopped hagues and ovchinins wish to go to space.d. thus, the astronauts didnt head to the international space station.e. and luckily, they became the main characters of the movie about space exploration.f. fortunately, the “movie” had a happy ending with both scientists returning to earth safely.g. fortunately, hgue and ovchinin had been well-trained for such emergencies. 第二部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分55分）第一节 （共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的a、b、c和d四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。for most of my life, i knew nothing about motorcycles. i believed that motorcycle riders were tough and leather-wearing _21_. in my mind they were the kind of people who were constantly looking for trouble, _22_ the roar of a motorcycle engine to frighten others off.then, on a warm may evening outside our house my boyfriend began to _23_ me his new motorcycle. “its beautiful, isnt it?” he asked. i didnt really _24_ what i was looking at.it wasnt _25_ august that i was able to actually ride on the motorcycle with him. i _26_ very well: a new helmet and slightly oversized leather jacket.the first ride was _27_. i held on a little too _28_ and breathed a little too infrequently. the cars felt a little too _29_ and traffic seemed to move too fast. then, the bike carried us higher and higher into the hills. we _30_ and stopped to watch the sun set over the city _31_. i swung my leg over to get off the bike, slightly _32_ and full of nervous energy.sometimes, when he was gone on a saturday ride, id _33_ his leathers and look in the mirror, _34_ if i looked like a biker myself.since then, ive learned a few things and slowly my prejudices about motorcycles and motorcycle riders have started to _35_. sitting on the back of a motorcycle, _36_ all your trust in someone to get you safely home is a way of _37_ you that you love them.maybe the most important lesson, _38_, is that you really cant judge a book by its cover - no matter how much leather it wears. motorcycle riders are not _39_, or mean, or unapproachable. they are adults who remember the freedom of riding their _40_ motorcycle, and are continuously seeking to recreate the experience. 21.a. lonersb. touristsc. professionalsd. workers22.a. reducingb. takingc. using d. testing23.a. tellb. show c. findd. bring24.a. senseb. hatec. considerd. understand 25.a. afterb. untilc. befored. since26.a. presentedb. boughtc. prepared d. thought27.a. trickyb. movingc. catchyd. simple28.a. relaxedb. tight c. loosed. nervous29.a. back offb. expensivec. far awayd. close 30.a. set offb. pulled overc. got upd. made it31.a. belowb. abovec. insided. outside32.a. shaky b. funnyc. obscured. dull33.a. try outb. try onc. take ond. take up34.a. reckoningb. realizingc. wondering d. feeling35.a. decreaseb. exchangec. achieved. change36.a. leavingb. losingc. placing d. giving37.a. warningb. impressingc. keepingd. reminding 38.a. yetb. stillc. insteadd. though39.a. scaryb. satisfactoryc. terrifiedd. pleasant40.a. lastb. first c. coold. successful第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。tik tok, _41_ launched in china as “douyin” in september 2016, describes _42_ (it) as a forum to capture and present the worlds creativity, knowledge, and precious life moments_43_ (direct) from the mobile phone. it is owned by bytedance, a startup _44_ (base) in china that is considered one of the worlds most valuable private companies.tik tok users tap and hold_45_ (record) a short video and can add music and visual effects. the videos can then be uploaded with hashtags to join a variety of topics