高考英语阅读理解题型及解题技巧48238ppt课件

阅读理解题型及解题技巧 阅读体裁经过多年的发展与创新 高考英语阅读理解的选材特点 命题特点以及语篇的词数都相对稳定 阅读理解文章的语言材料一般都是原汁原味的英语文章 即inEnglish aboutEnglish cultures countries etc 材料涉及内容广 选材方面突出环保 人物传记 社会风俗 大众科普 广告 文学作品 时文报道等 历届高考体裁 题型及解题技巧 细节理解 考向一事实认定类1 特殊疑问句形式 以when where what which who how much many等疑问词开头引出的问题 2 判断是非的形式 含有true false nottrue false或except等的判断是非的问题 此时要注意题干中是否含有否定词 如not never等 3 以 accordingto 开头的提问形式 4 填空形式 常见问题形式有 1 Accordingtothepassage who what which when Where why how howmany howmuch howlong Howsoon howoften etc 2 Accordingtothepassage whichofthefollowingistrue nottrue 3 Accordingtothepassage Whichofthefollowingisnotmentioned 4 AllofthefollowingaretrueEXCEPT 5 Inthepassagethewriterstatesthat 6 Choosethebestorderinwhichthepeopledo 7 Whichofthefollowingistrue falseexcept 8 Whichofthefollowingismentionedexcept HooverDamlies A betweenArizonaandNevadaB intheBlackCanyonC betweenNewYorkandSanFranciscoD bothAandB Sample1 ThishugedamisintheBlackCanyon Itispossibletodriveacarfromonesideoftherivertotheotheronaroad whichisonthetopofthedam Thisdamissobigthatthereisanelevatorinside ThishugedamwascalledBoulderDamwhenitwasfinishedin1936 LateritwasrenamedHooverDaminhonorofapresidentoftheUnitedStates HooverDam oneofthehighestdamsintheworld issituatedbetweenthestatesofArizonaandNevada HooverDamlies A betweenArizonaandNevadaB intheBlackCanyonC betweenNewYorkandSanFranciscoD bothAandB Sample1 Sample2 WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue A LuoLinisanativeofShanghai B LuoLinmovedtoHongKongwithherparents C LuoLinwonthetitleofMissAsiain1991 D AsiaTVStationhelpedLuoLintobecomeMissAsia MissLuoLin MissAsiaof1991 BorninShanghaiandtakentoHongKongwhenshewasonlysixyearsold LuoLinhasneverdreamedofbeingMissAsia Herchildhooddreamwastobeanairhostess Beforeshetookpartinthecompetition shehadbeenanairhostessinCathayAirlineforsevenyears However itstilltookherthreemonthstolearntheartofwalkingonthestage dancing singing making upandotherpropermanners designedbytheAsiaTVStation Sample2 WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue A LuoLinisanativeofShanghai B LuoLinmovedtoHongKongwithherparents C LuoLinwonthetitleofMissAsiain1991 D AsiaTVStationhelpedLuoLintobecomeMissAsia moved MissLuoLin MissAsiaof1991 BorninShanghaiandtakentoHongKongwhenshewasonlysixyearsold LuoLinhasneverdreamedofbeingMissAsia Herchildhooddreamwastobeanairhostess Beforeshetookpartinthecompetition shehadbeenanairhostessinCathayAirlineforsevenyears However itstilltookherthreemonthstolearntheartofwalkingonthestage dancing singing making upandotherpropermanners designedbytheAsiaTVStation taken Accordingtoscientists theDIRECTcauseofmoreandfiercerstormsis A greenhousegasemissions 散发 inindustrializednationsB highersurfacewatertemperaturesoftheseaC continuousglobalwarmingD risingsealevels Sample3 reportedtotheEarthPolicyInstitutethatthenationsufferedanunusauallyhighnumberoffiercestormsinthepasttenyears Manyscientistsconnecthighersurfacewatertemperaturesresultingfromglobalwarmingtogreaterandmoredamagingstorms connect to Accordingtoscientists theDIRECTcauseofmoreandfiercerstormsis A greenhousegasemissions 散发 inindustrializednationsB highersurfacewatertemperaturesoftheseaC continuousglobalwarmingD risingsealevels Sample3 LaupepawasnotsatisfiedwiththeUnitedStatesbecauseitdidnot A agreetoreduceitsgreenhousegasemissionsB signanagreementwithTuvaluC allowTuvaluanstomovetotheUSD believetheproblemsfacingTuvaluwerereal Sample4 LaupepaexpresseddissatisfactionwiththeUnitedStatesforrefusingtosigntheKyotoProtocol aninternationalagreementcallingforindustrializednationstoreducetheirgreenhousegasemissions whichareamaincauseofglobalwarming Byrefusingtosigntheagreement theUShaseffectivelytakenawaythefreedomoffuturegenerationsofTuvaluantolivethere LaupepatoldtheBBC LaupepawasnotsatisfiedwiththeUnitedStatesbecauseitdidnot A agreetoreduceitsgreenhousegasemissionsB signanagreementwithTuvaluC allowTuvaluanstomovetotheUSD believetheproblemsfacingTuvaluwerereal Sample4 故意用与原文中一模一样的词来迷惑考生 JackLondon slastdayswere A usualonesB notpooronesC richonesD unhappyones Sample5 JackLondonwasafamousAmericanwriter Heburnedhimselfoutwhenhewas40 Hethoughtofhismother Flora whohadneverbeenaveryresponsibleperson Hewassureshewasmentallyillandthathewasbecominglikeher Atlasthebecametootiredtocare Hewouldnotworkandcontinuedtospendmoneyhedidnothave Hewouldnotchangehislife orhiswriting perhapshecouldnot JackLondon slastdayswere A usualonesB notpooronesC richonesD unhappyones Sample5 考向二数字计算类数字计算题可涉及年代 人物年龄 需付钱数等方面的数字计算 Youhavetopayatleast ayearifyoustudyattheUniversityofWaikato A 5 250B 8 000C 9 000D 11 000 Sample6 TuitionFees 学费 Tuitionfeesaredifferentfromdepartmenttodepartment generallyfrom 5 000to 6 000ayear Forfurtherinformation tui waikato ac nz Accommodation 住宿 Youcanhavearoomina4 bedroomflat whichwillcostabout 100amonthwithotherregularlivingcostsofabout 150amonthforoneperson Forfurtherinformation acc waikato ac nz 5000 学费 100 住宿费 x12 months 150 生活费 x12 8000 Youhavetopayatleast ayearifyoustudyattheUniversityofWaikato A 5 250B 8 000C 9 000D 11 000 Sample6 考向三顺序排列类排列顺序类细节理解题的考查形式是在选项中列举一些具体的事实 然后要求学生根据文章内容对选项中的事实进行排序 Whichofthefollowingisthecorrectorderofshoppingwiththecomputerizedshoppingcarts a Startthesystem b Makeashoppinglist c Findthethingsyouwant d Gotoaself checkoutstand A abdcB bacdC acbdD bcad Sample7 Peoplecanuseahomecomputertomaketheirshoppinglists Onceatthestore ashoppercanuseapreferredcustomercardtostartasystem 系统 thatwillorganizethetriparoundthestore Ifyou relookingfortoothpicks youtypeinthewordorpickitfromalist andamapwillappearonthescreenshowingwhereyouareandwhereyoucanfindthem Whichofthefollowingisthecorrectorderofshoppingwiththecomputerizedshoppingcarts a Startthesystem b Makeashoppinglist c Findthethingsyouwant d Gotoaself checkoutstand A abdcB bacdC acbdD bcad Sample7 主旨大意 考查考生 加工与浓缩信息的能力 如何做主旨大意题 做此类题目时 可利用文中主要信息来把握文脉 进行综合归纳 概括文章的主题 如有标题 标题中的蕴含的信息往往是关键信息 另外 任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的 因此 许多文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词 即高频词 也叫做主题词 抓住了它 便容易抓住文章的中心 1 标题类常见的题型 1 Thebesttitle headlineforthispassagemightbe 2 Thetext passage couldbeentitled 3 Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage 4 Whichofthefollowingwouldbesuitableasatitleforthepassage 题干表现形式 1 Thispassagechieflydealswith 2 What sthetopicofthearticle 3 Whatisthesubjectdiscussedinthetext 4 Withwhattopicisthepassagechieflyconcerned 2 大意类 文章和段落 常见题型 Theauthor smainpurposeinwritingthepassageis Thepassageismeantto Thepurposeofthisarticleis 3 目的类常见题型 主题句呈现的形式 A 文首 提出主题 随之用细节来解释 支撑或发展主题句所表达的主题思想 最常见的演绎法写作方式 sample1Smokingcigarettesisharmfultoyourhealth Experimentsshowthatcigarettesmokingcancausecancer Besidesthemostseriousandterribledisease illness cancer cigarettesmokingalsocancauseotherhealthproblems Forexample itcangiveonea smoker scough Finally studieshaveshownitiseasyforcigarettesmokerstocatchcolds Whetheryougetanunimportantcoldorterriblekiller cancer smokingisharmful Isitworthit Thepandaisapopularanimal StoriesaboutthepandaintheWashingtonZooarealwaysfrontpagenewsandimportantfeaturesontelevisionnewscasts Stuffedpandasareamongthemostpopulartoysforchildren andpandapostcardsarealwaysindemandinzoogiftshops Sample2 Sample3 Todaytheproblemofenvironmenthasbecomemoreandmoreserious Theworldpopulationisrising soquicklythattheworldhasbecometoocrowded Weareusingupournaturalresourcestooquicklyandatthesametimewearepollutingourenvironmentwithdangerouschemicals Ifwecontinuetodothis humanlifeonearthwillnotsurvive B 文尾 在表述细节后 归纳要点 印象 结论建议或结果 以概括主题 这是英语中最常见的归纳法写作方式 sample4Oftennoonelooksmoreguiltythantheinnocent Ontheotherhand nobodymaylookmoreinnocentthanaprofessi onalcriminal Andthemanwhoknows everything mayreallyonlybetryingtohidehisownweakness So itisfoolishtotrytojudgeapersononlybyhisappearance sample5Somestudentspreferastrictteacherwhotellsthemexactlywhattodo Othersprefertobelefttoworkontheirown Stillotherslikeademocraticdiscussiontypeofclass Nooneteachingmethodcanbedevisedtosatisfyallstudentsatthesametime C 文中 通常前面只提出问题 文中的主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出 而后又作进一步的解释 支撑或发展 sample6Ifyouwereplanningtobuyatelevisionset thefollowingadvertisementwouldcertainlydrawyourattention ColorTV Only 79 Twodayssale Hu rry However whenyougotothestorereadytobuy Youmaydiscoverthattheyaresoldout Buttheshopassistantisquicktotellyouthathehasanothermodel Amuchbettersetwhichis justrightforyou Itcosts 395 Thissalesmethodiscalled baitandswitch Buyersarebaitedwithasalesadvertisement andthentheyareswitchedtoanothermoreexpensiveone Buyingthingsonsaleneedscarefulconsiderationofthegoodsandthereasonforthesale Theparagraphcouldbeentitled A BuyingATVSetB ASellingMethodC BuyerBewareD TVOnSale detail detail detail sample7Nothingisasusefulasaflashlightinadarknightifatiregoesflat Fewinventionsaresohelpfultoachildwhoisafraidofthedark Infact themodernflashlightbringslighttomanydarksituations Findingsomethinginthebackofaclosetiseasywithaflashlightinhandacamperalsoneedsoneafterthelightofthecampfirehasbeenout 无主题句 即主题句隐含在全文中 没有明确的主题句 必须根据文篇中所提供的事实细节 进行全面考虑 综合分析 然后找出共同的东西 归纳成一般概念 必须注意的是 既不能以偏概全 也不能在概括时过于宽泛 要恰如其分 sample8TomstudiedfouryearsattheUniversityofParisanddecidedtoleavebeforehisgraduation HetransferredtotheUniversityofBerlinandgraduatedwithhonors HarvardLawSchooland later BostonCollegeprovidedhimwithanexcellentlegalbackground HeispresentlyacorporationlawyerinMiami Florida Themainideaofthisparagraphisthat A Tom whohadstudiedatParisUniversitiesforfouryears movedtoanotheruniversity B TombecamealawyersincehisgraduationfromHarvardLawSchoolandlaterfromBostonCollege C TomwasanexcellentstudentwhenhestudiedatBerlinuniversity D Tomreceivedanexcellenteducation detail detail detail TypesOfParagraphStructures Atthebeginning Attheend Inthemiddle Nocleartopicsentence forexample so therefore 特别注意 文章中的but however asaresult therefore等词 它们通常是引出中心主旨的方向词 而forexample first ortobeginwith等是引出细节的信息词 在它们之前往往提到文章的中心主旨 PassageB NMET2003 Readingtodogsisanunusualwaytohelpchildrenimprovetheirliteracyskills 读写能力 Withtheirshiningbrowneyes waggingtails andunconditionallove dogscanprovidethenonjudgmentallistenersneededforabeginningreadertogainconfidence 自信心 accordingtoIntermountainTherapyAnimals ITA inSaltLakeCity Thegroupsaysitisthefirstprograminthecountrytousedogstohelpdevelopliteracyinchildren withtheintroductionofReadingEducationAssistanceDogs READ TheSaltLakeCityPublicLibraryissoldontheidea Literacyspecialistsadmitthatchildrenwhoreadbelowtheleveloftheirfellowpupilsareoftenafraidofreadingaloudinagroup oftenhavelowerself respect andregardreadingasaheadache saidLisaMyron managerofthechildren sdepartment LastNovemberthetwogroupsstarted DogDayAfternoon inthechildren sdepartmentofthemainlibrary About25childrenattendedeachofthefourSaturday afternoonclasses readingforhalfanhour Thosewhoattendedthreeofthefourclassesreceiveda pawgraphed bookatthelastclass TheprogramwassosuccessfulthatthelibraryplanstorepeatitinApril accordingtoDanaThumpowsky publicrelationsmanager Exampleandsuccessoftheprogram Howtogetthemainideaofapassage PassageB NMET2003 Readingtodogsisanunusualwaytohelpchildrenimprovetheirliteracyskills 读写能力 Withtheirshiningbrowneyes waggingtails andunconditionallove dogscanprovidethenonjudgmentallistenersneededforabeginningreadertogainconfidence 自信心 accordingtoIntermountainTherapyAnimals ITA inSaltLakeCity Thegroupsaysitisthefirstprograminthecountrytousedogstohelpdevelopliteracyinchildren withtheintroductionofReadingEducationAssistanceDogs READ TheSaltLakeCityPublicLibraryissoldontheidea Literacyspecialistsadmitthatchildrenwhoreadbelowtheleveloftheirfellowpupilsareoftenafraidofreadingaloudinagroup oftenhavelowerself respect andregardreadingasaheadache saidLisaMyron managerofthechildren sdepartment LastNovemberthetwogroupsstarted DogDayAfternoon inthechildren sdepartmentofthemainlibrary About25childrenattendedeachofthefourSaturday afternoonclasses readingforhalfanhour Thosewhoattendedthreeofthefourclassesreceiveda pawgraphed bookatthelastclass TheprogramwassosuccessfulthatthelibraryplanstorepeatitinApril accordingtoDanaThumpowsky publicrelationsmanager Exampleandsuccessoftheprogram 59 Whatismainlydiscussedinthetext A Children sreadingdifficulties B Advantagesofraisingdogs C Serviceinapubliclibrary D Aspecialreadingprogram details Paragraphideas Passageidea 猜测词义 词义猜测题着重考查学生根据上下文猜测词义的能力 这也是一个从 已知 得出 未知 的过程 即利用上下文的已知部分 尤其是该词或短语前后的句子 进行推理 有时还需要依靠常识和经验来猜测词义 QuestionForm 1 Theword inLine means canbebestreplacedby 2 Asusedinthepassage thephrase suggests 3 Fromthepassage wecaninferthattheword phrase is refersto 4 Theword isclosestinmeaningto 1 Whichofthefollowingwordsisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedwordinthelastparagraph 2 Theunderlinedwordinthesecondparagraphmeans 3 Theword it they inthelastsentencerefersto 4 Whatdoesthephrase inParagraph1mean 5 Theunderlinedword inParagraph2canbestbereplacedby 根据解释确定词义 技巧1 1 Socialmobilityisthemovementfromoneclassorleveloflivingtoanother 2 Theotherquestionedtheveracity thetruthfulnessofthesereports 3 Heisaresoluteman oncehesetsupagoal hewillnotgiveitupeasily 4 Hewasaprestidigitatorwhoentertainedthechildrenbypullingrabbitsoutofhats swallowingfire andothersimilartricks 根据对比确定词义 技巧2 Inthepasttheworldseemedtoruninanorderlyway Now however everythingseemstobeinastateofturmoil 根据逻辑确定词义 技巧3 Ifyouarecapableofworkingtwelvehoursadaywithoutarest andifyoucanengageinphysicalexerciseforhourswithoutseemingtogettired thenyouareindefatigable 根据上下文情景确定词义 技巧4 Theunderlinedphrase moppingup inthesecondparagraphmeans AcleaningupBtakinginCwipingoutDgivingout RainforestsliketheAmazonareimportantformoppingupCO2fromtheatmosphereandhelpingtoslowglobalwarming CurrentlythetreesintheAmazontakeinaround500milliontonsofCO2eachyear equaltothetotalamountofCO2givingoffintheUKeachyear 根据上下文情景确定词义 技巧4 Theunderlinedphrase moppingup inthesecondparagraphmeans AcleaningupBtakinginCwipingoutDgivingout 利用构词法猜测词义 技巧5 利用同义词 近义词 反义词猜测词义 技巧6 1 Theoffspringofapairofbirdsleavethenestwhentheyarebigenoughtofly A childrenB ancestorsC generationsD mates2 ThereisastackofpapersonMr Green sdesk A pieceB balanceC mixtureD pile Trytodothefollowingexercises 根据上下文推测各题中划线词的词义 3 Beforeyoubuysomething checkthequalityfirst Forexample ifitischeap itmightnotbegood A howgooditisB whatthecolorisC whatthesizeisD howbigitis4 Pleasegivemeyourrecipeforthiscake soIcanmakeittoo A adishB directionsforcookingC amealD directionstoyourhouse 5 Beforeababylearnstowalk ithastocrawlonthefloor A walkontwofeetB flyC sitinachairD moveonthehandsandknees6 Mr Brownisanamateurphotographer Heisanengineer Butinhisfreetimehelikestotakepictures A asahobbyB formoneyC asajobD aswork 7 ThissmallChristmastreeismadeofplastic Itisnotarealtree Itisartificial A beautifulB notnaturalC foraspecialholidayD inanartmuseum8 whalesandelephantsaregiganticanimals Nootheranimalscancomparewiththeminsize A smallB landC seaD huge 9 Thekiwilaysthelargesteggsintheworld Thestrangethingaboutthekiwiisthatitcannotfly A akindoffishB akindofcatC akindofrockD akindofbird10 SomeAfricanscarvebeautifulhumanandanimalfiguresoutofwood Theyselltheircarvingstostoresandmuseums A drawB beatC heatD cut 11 Chickenpoxcanbeveryseriousforachildwhoisnotingoodhealth Thechilddevelopsredspots andfeelshotanduncomfortable Ahealthychildgetswellquickly A akindofanimalB akindoffoodC akindofchildhooddiseaseD alackofpurewater 12 Alishowedtheclassapictureofhim hiswife andtheirbaby Pierre sfamilyhaslivedintheeastofCanadafortwohundredyears TheirancestorscamefromFrance A familymembersfromalongtimeagoB grandparentsandtheirgrandchildrenC parents grandparentsandgreat grandparentsD familymembersalllivingatthesametime 推理判断 1 不选择照抄原文的选项 要选择要有同义词解释的选项 2 不选事实细节选项3 不选非事实选项4 选概括性 哲理性的选项 技巧 常见问题形式 1 Itcanbeinferred concludedfromthepassagethat 2 Thepassagesuggests impliesthat 3 Bythefirstsentenceofthesecondparagraph theauthormeans 4 Wecanconcludethat 5 Whenthewritertalksabout whathereallymeansisthat 6 Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassage 1 Thewritertalkedaboutthewaitress agebecausehethought A shewasyoungB itapleasuretomakefriendswithherC shewasbeautifulD itstrangeforhertofallinlovewithhim2 Thewaitresssaidhellotothewritereverydaybecause A shelivednearhishouseB heoftenwenttovisithermotherC shewantedtobefriendlywithhimD shelovedhimverymuch Whentheyoungwaitressnearmyhousestartedsayinghellotomeeveryday Iwasveryhappy ShewasatleastfifteenyearsyoungerthanI Onedayshesignedmetocomenear WhenIwalkedover sheasked Areyousingle Why yes Ianswered smilingatherhappily Soismymother shesaid Wouldyouliketomeether 1 Thewritertalkedaboutthewaitress agebecausehethought A shewasyoungB itapleasuretomakefriendswithherC shewasbeautifulD itstrangeforhertofallinlovewithhim2 Thewaitresssaidhellotothewritereverydaybecause A shelivednearhishouseB heoftenwenttovisithermotherC shewantedtobefriendlywithhimD shelovedhimverymuch 1 Whydopeopleputhotmetalinwater A Tomakeithard B Tomakeitsoft C Tomakeitcool D Tomakeitbrittle 2 Inannealing therequiredhardnessofmetaldependson A thequantityofwaterusedB thetemperatureofthemetalC thesoftnessofthemetalD thetimingoftheoperation Sample2 3 Assuggestedbythetext howcanglassbemadelessbrittle A Itcanbeheatedandthencooledquickly B Itcanbecooledandthenheatedslowly C Itcanbeheatedandthencooledslowly D Itcanbecooledandthenheatedquickly Annealingisawayofmakingmetalsofterbyheatingitandthenlettingitcoolveryslowly Ifmetalisheatedandthencooledveryquickly forexamplebydipping 浸 itinwater itwillbeveryhardbutalsoverybrittle thatis itwillbreakeasily Metalthathasbeenannealedissoftbutdoesnotbreakaseasily Itispossibletomakemetalashardorassoftasitiswished byannealing it Themetalisheated andallowedtocoolslowlyforacertainlengthoftime Thelongertheheatedmetaltakestocoolslowly thesofteritbecomes Annealingcanalsobeusedonothermaterial suchasglass 1 Whydopeopleputhotmetalinwater A Tomakeithard B Tomakeitsoft C Tomakeitcool D Tomakeitbrittle 2 Inannealing therequiredhardnessofmetaldependson A thequantityofwaterusedB thetemperatureofthemetalC thesoftnessofthemetalD thetimingoftheoperation Sample2 3 Assuggestedbythetext howcanglassbemadelessbrittle A Itcanbeheatedandthencooledquickly B Itcanbecooledandthenheatedslowly C Itcanbeheatedandthencooledslowly D Itcanbecooledandthenheatedquickly 观点和态度 理解作者的观点和态度题 既考查学生对字面意思的理解 也考查学生对作者写作目的 态度 观点