国际工程法律风险ppt课件

国际工程合同十大法律风险TOP10LegalRisksfor赵东峰 安泰赛斯国际项目管理咨询 北京 有限公司 AntecessorInternationalPMConsulting BeiJing Co LTD 2 演讲人 安泰赛斯国际项目管理咨询公司特聘专家毕业于北京大学法学院 曾任职于中国某著名大型国际承包商 作为合同和法律事务管理人员参与了该公司多个大型国际EPC工程项目 并具有常驻境外参与项目具体实施的经验 现为英国品诚梅森 合森中国项目与工程律师联盟核心成员 他为境内 境外几十家国际工程承包商的数十个国际工程项目提供了争议或非争议法律服务 尤其在国际工程仲裁与争议解决方面 为中国多家承包商在海外项目发生的包括ICC仲裁 UNCITRAL仲裁以及当地诉讼在内的争议提供过法律服务 是我国能够在国际工程仲裁和争议解决领域提供法律服务的领先中国本土律师之一 参与撰写了中国对外承包工程商会主持编写的 国际工程总承包项目管理规范 中 争议解决 篇 应 国际工程与劳务 杂志邀请 发表多篇有关国际工程管理 合约和法律方面的居于实践前沿的文章 为多家国内大学 协会组织 工程公司讲授国际工程法律 合约和管理方面的课程 受维也纳大学邀请 为其国际工程法法学硕士研究生讲授国际工程法课程 他是唯一一位受到该邀请的中国律师 赵东峰ZhaoDongfeng 中国承包商似乎给当地带来一股新鲜空气 他们只关心工程本身 缺乏合同 工程法律知识 合同观念淡漠 可能附加成本巨大 却又不进行有力的索赔 同时确实具有实施任何一个项目的财力和实力 这对雇主确实是最佳选择 摘自英国某咨询工程师向其雇主提供的竣工报告 标准建筑合同比较研究 以中英为视角 欧海燕2010 开场白 3 今天的话题 一个关于 TOP10 的趣味游戏仁者见仁智者见智 国际工程合同十大法律风险讨论与分享 您心中的 TOP10 总结与建议Q A 4 Aninterestinggame TOP10 Subject WhataretheTOP10legalrisksyouthinkwhenreviewinganinternationalconstructioncontract nottakingaccountoftheparticularityofacertainproject 列举出您认为的国际工程合同审查时的十大法律风险Organizer ZhaoDongfengParticipants JohnBishop HewKianHeong ShouravLahiriGameRules Participantssendtheirownopinionsbyconfidentialemailandnooneknowstheanswerofothers 5 YourTOP10 2012 10 27 请大家在10 15分钟左右的时间内 列出您各自心目中的 TOP10 不限于合同和法律风险 6 JohnBishop sTOP10 1 Applicablelaw 适用法律2 Disputeprocess 争议解决3 EOTprovisions 工期延长条款4 LDs DelayandPerformance 延误和性能违约金5 Capsonandexclusionsfromliability 责任限额和除外情形6 Cashrisk 资金风险7 Unrecogniseddesignrisk EmployerData 未识别设计风险和业主资料8 ConditionsPrecedenttoentitlement 前提条件9 PerformanceSecurity 履约担保10 Groundsfortermination 合同解除理由 7 HewKianHeong sTOP10 1 Paymentrisk 支付风险2 Designresponsibility 设计责任3 AbuseofEmployer Engineer srighttoapprovedesign 业主或工程师滥用设计审批权4 LimitedrightofContractortoclaimadjustmentofContractPrice承包商要求调整合同价格权利的限制5 AbusebyEmployerofperformancesecurity 业主恶意索赔保函6 OnerousprocedurestoclaimEOTandadditionalpayment 索赔工期和费用程序繁琐7 Employer sverybroadpowertoordervariations 业主指令变更权利过大8 LimitsofliabilityonLDs 违约金责任限额9 IncompatibilityofChinesestandardsandlocal internationalstandard 中国标准与当地或国际标准不兼容10 Ineffectivenessofdisputeresolutioninpractice 争议解决程序无效 8 ShouravLahiri sTOP10 1 Multiplecurrencies 多种支付货币2 Definitionofforcemajeure 不可抗力定义3 PerformanceBonds 履约保函4 Applicablestandardsandcodes 适用标准5 Partiestothecontract 合同当事人6 Notificationofdelayevents claims 索赔通知7 Insurance 保险8 Termination 解除9 Suspension 暂停10 Governinglawanddisputeresolutionprocess 准据法与争议解决过程 9 MyTOP10 1 税 Tax 2 汇率 ExchangeRate 3 法律变换和价格波动 ChangeoflegislationandPriceEscalation 4 许可 Permits 5 技术标准 TechnicalStandards 6 设计责任 DesignResponsibility 7 损害赔偿金与责任限制 LDs LimitationofLiability 8 合同解除 TerminationofContract 9 适用法律 ApplicableLaw 10 索赔与争议解决 ClaimandDisputeResolution 10 11 Bycomparison all4one 12 Bycomparison 13 Bycomparison Pleasenotethattherearenostandardanswersatall 仁者见仁 智者见智 适用法律与标准ApplicableLawandStandards 14 LocalLaw LawClause ChangeofLawWhatlawistoapply Lookatthelocallawsapplicabletothecontractandtenderingprocessestochecktheenforceabilityofthecontractgenerallyandofparticulartermssuchasthelanguageandlawclausesetc DoestheEmployertaketheriskofachangeoflaw 15 JohnBishop 庄本信 IncompatibilityofChinesestandardsandlocalorinternationalstandards 16 HewKianHeong 丘健雄 makeexpressmentionofagoverninglaw anylaw butmentionit makecleariflocalstandards British AmericanstandardsorChinesestandardstobeusedforassessingperformanceofwork Forprocessplants theremightbeamixofstandards civilworkstolocalstandards processtoChinesestandards Inthatcase considerclearseparationand incaseofconflict apriorityprovision 17 ShouravLahiri 肖瑞夫 争议解决DisputeResolution 18 ReviewtheDisputesProcesstoseewhetheritoffersaspeedyinterimdisputesprocess e g DAB andanoperablefinaldisputesprocessi e arbitrationresultinginanenforceable 19 JohnBishop 庄本信 IneffectivenessofdisputeresolutioninpracticetoallowContractortoproperlyenforcehisrights norighttoarbitratebeforeprojectcompletionlocalarbitrationorcourtdelayindisputeresolutionprocessdifficultyinenforcement 20 HewKianHeong 丘健雄 ifchoosingarbitration identifytheproperarbitralinstitutionatleastasthatwillatleasttakecareofanyomissionsinnecessaryinformation Chooseaseat languageandnumberofarbitratorsifyoucan 21 ShouravLahiri 肖瑞夫 履约担保PerformanceSecurity 22 WhataretheContractor sbondingobligations Aretheyondemand Istherenoticebeforeacall Isthereaprovisiondealingwithrepaymentfollowingawrongfulcall 23 JohnBishop 庄本信 AbusebyEmployerofperformancesecurity 24 HewKianHeong 丘健雄 forChinesecontractors ifpossible shouldtryandgettheOwnertoacceptabondfromaChinesebankpreferablyabranchoftheBankinChina notthelocalbranchoftheChinesebank Mayallowforeasierinjunctiverelief 25 ShouravLahiri 肖瑞夫 支付与币种Payment Currency 26 CashriskIspaymentsecured Howlongistheperiodbetweenthetimewhencostisincurredandtermination suspensionfornonpaymentispossible Isthereretentionmoneyandcanitbeexchangedforabond Howgreatisthecashconsequenceofanimproperbondcall 27 JohnBishop 庄本信 therightoftheContractortobepaidontimepaymentmechanismpaymentmethodlinkagewithcashflowandprogressofworktheprotectionaffordedtotheContractorifhedoesnotgetpaidontimerighttoaskforevidenceoffinancingpaymentsecurityrighttosuspendorterminaterighttogotodisputeresolution 28 HewKianHeong 丘健雄 MultiplecurrenciesIfcontractpriceisstipulatedinonecurrencybutisbeingpaidintwoormorecurrencies butthecontractor scostsarenotinthesamecurrenciesorinthesamecurrenciesbutnotinthesameproportionsasthepaymentsplit thenneedeitheraprovisionthatallowsforadjustmentuponchangesinexchangeratesbetweenthecurrenciesorthecontractorneedstoconsiderhedging 29 ShouravLahiri 肖瑞夫 Suspensionsomecountries lawsmayallowthecontractorastatutoryrighttosuspendperformanceoftheworkfornon paymentofinterimcertificates eventhoughthereisnocontractualprovisionallowingit Justensurethereisnocontractualprovisionexpresslyremovingthecontractor srighttososuspendifthecontractissilentonthispoint itsbetter 30 ShouravLahiri 肖瑞夫 前提条件ConditionsPrecedent 31 ConditionsPrecedenttoentitlementWhatmusttheContractordotoobtainentitlements Whatistheconsequenceoffailingtomeettheconditionsprecedent 32 JohnBishop 庄本信 OnerousprocedurestoclaimEOTandadditionalpaymentnoticerequirementslevelofproof 33 HewKianHeong 丘健雄 Notificationofdelayevents claimscheckiftheyarestatedtobe a conditionprecedentsbarringentitlementor b requirements thefailuretocomplywithwhichmayprejudiceextentofrecovery Tryandavoid a typeofclausesifpossible Butinadministeringthecontract putinplacepropernotificationproceduresanywayassomecountries lawswillupholdConditionsPrecedentclausesstrictly 34 ShouravLahiri 肖瑞夫 工期延长与费用索赔ExtensionofTime EOT andCostClaims 35 EOTprovisionsWhenistheContractorentitledtoanEOT IfadvisinganEmployer isthereatimeatlargerisk 36 JohnBishop 庄本信 LimitedrightofContractortoclaimadjustmentofContractPricei e materialcostescalationchangeoflawunforeseengroundconditionscurrencyfluctuationrisketc 37 HewKianHeong 丘健雄 违约金与责任限额LDsandLimitationofLiability 38 LiquidatedDamages LDs forDelayandPerformance Whatisthelevel Aretheycappedandifsoatwhatlevel Isitanexclusiveremedy Aretheycapableofattackunderthelocallaw 39 JohnBishop 庄本信 CapsonandexclusionsfromliabilityandgroundsforbreachingcapIsthereacap Whatliabilitiesareexcluded e g consequentiallosses Arethecapandexclusionsenforceableunderthelocallaw Whencanthecapsbebreached 40 JohnBishop 庄本信 Cont d WhetherthecontracthaslimitsofliabilityonLDs delayand orperformance andoveralllimitonliability 41 HewKianHeong 丘健雄 设计责任DesignResponsibility 42 Unrecogniseddesignrisk EmployerDataIftheContractorhasadesignrisk isitwhatheexpected Doeshehaveahiddendesignrisk e g intheselectionofplantandmaterials Ishetakingadesignriskbecausesubcontractorshaveone Ifsohowisitsecured Ifheneedsdesignapproval whatistheprocessandisitcapableofbeingabused e g mustallcommentsbegivenatthefirstopportunity Isthereaco ordination interfacerisk IstheEmployeracceptinganyrisk e g inthesiteorotherconditionsandintheinformationheprovidestothecontractor 43 JohnBishop 庄本信 DesignresponsibilitywhatmustContractordesignfreedomofchoiceliabilityfordesignfailure AbuseofEmployer Engineer srighttoapprovedesign 44 HewKianHeong 丘健雄 解除Termination 45 GroundsforterminationWhatarethegroundsfortermination Aretheyreasonable Isthereacureperiod 46 JohnBishop 庄本信 Terminationforconveniencesomecountries lawsdonotallowforacontractualrighttoterminateforconvenience Iftheownerseekstoexercisethisprovision thecontractormaybeabletoresistit tostrengthenhisbargainingpositionindiscussionsofpostterminationdamagespayment 47 ShouravLahiri 肖瑞夫 变更Variation 48 Employer sverybroadpowertoordervariationsandtorequireCto performfirst claimlater 49 HewKianHeong 丘健雄 不可抗力ForceMajure 50 Definitionofforcemajeureincontractswhichhaveanoffshoreelementinadditiontoanonshoreelementshouldensurethatwar insurrectionetcintheoffshorecountryalsoqualifyasforcemajeureevents 51 ShouravLahiri 肖瑞夫 合同当事人PartiestotheContract 52 makesurethattheentitysigningthecontracthastheappropriateauthoritytodosoifagovernmentalentity alsothattheyhavethecorrectapprovalssomeassetsincaseneededforen