unit 4 text B

TextBChangingAttitudestoLifelongEmployment Text Words Expressions MainIdeas DetailedUnderstanding Text relatedExercises I Pre readingTasks Text relatedExercises II Pre readingtasksDiscussthefollowingquestionsinclass 1 Whatkindofjobdoyouwanttohaveinthefuture 2 Doyouthinkyoushouldkeeponlearningifyouworkaftergraduation HOME WordsandExpressions attitudelifelongemploymentcorporationhiremajorhuntrepresentprobablyemployerpolicyparticularlytraining staffpersonnelmanagerfirmselectsuitableemployeerecentlyinvestmentadvantageflexibleinternationallayoff HOME attituden to toward feelingaboutortowardsomeoneorsomething态度 看法e g apositiveattitudeShehasagoodattitudetowardwork she salwayscheerful What syourattitudetohissuggestion BACK lifelong adj continuingforalifetime毕生的 终身的e g alifelongfriend 一辈子的朋友 BACK employment n 1 theactofemploying雇佣2 thestateofbeingemployed被雇佣的状态3 theworkinwhichoneisengaged occupation某人所从事的工作 职业e g Helefthishometolookforemployment 他离家去找职业 BACK corporation n 1 abodythatisgrantedacharterlegallyrecognizingitasaseparatelegalentityhavingitsownrights privileges andliabilitiesdistinctfromthoseofitsmembers法人2 agroupofpeoplecombinedintooractingasonebody集体e g JohnworksforalargeAmericanchemicalcorporation 约翰为一家美国大化学公司工作 BACK hire v 1 toengagetheservicesof aperson forafee employ雇佣e g hireanewclerk2 toengagethetemporaryuseofforafee rent租用e g hireacarforthedayn 1 theactofhiring雇佣 雇佣的行为2 theconditionorfactofbeinghired受雇 BACK major adj 1 greaterthanothersinimportanceorrank主要的 较重要的e g amajorartist主要的艺术家2 greatinscopeoreffect卓越的 显著的e g amajorimprovementn 主修科目 专业学生e g IamanEnglishmajor BACK huntv 1 tosearchfor搜寻 寻找e g Thechildrenhuntedforseashellsonthebeach Ihuntedeverywhereformylostkeys 2 tochaseinordertocatchandkillwildanimals打猎 猎取e g Everyautumn manypeoplehuntdeerinthisarea n 1 asearch搜寻 寻找e g Wewentonahuntforthelostdocument 2 anactofhuntingforwildanimals打猎 狩猎 e g thelonghuntthroughthefieldsandwoods BACK representv 1 tostandfor symbolize代表 象征e g ThebaldeaglerepresentstheUnitedStates 秃鹰象征了美国 2 toindicateorcommunicatebysignsorsymbols意指e g Lettersofthealphabetrepresentsounds 字母表中的字母意指发音 BACK probably mostlikely presumably很可能地 大概e g Itwillprobablyrain 天很可能要下雨了 A Willitrainthisafternoon B Probablynot adv BACK employer n 雇主e g Thecarindustryisoneofourbiggestemployers 汽车工业是我们最大的雇主之一 构词 employ雇用 or者 employer雇主employ雇用 ee被 者 employee雇员 BACK policy n 1 aplanorcourseofaction asofagovernment politicalparty orbusiness intendedtoinfluenceanddeterminedecisions actions andothermatters政策e g thecompany spersonnelpolicy 该公司的人事政策2 acourseofaction guidingprinciple orprocedureconsideredexpedient prudent oradvantageous手段 计谋 策略e g Honestyisthebestpolicy 诚实是最好的策略 BACK particularly adv 1 toagreatdegree especially很大程度上地 特别地e g Iparticularlylikethebrownshoes 2 withparticularreferenceoremphasis individuallyorspecifically特别提及或强调地 个别地或具体地e g Everyonehasamomentinhistorywhichbelongsparticularlytohim 每个人在历史上都有只属于他自己的一刻 BACK training n 1 theprocessorroutineofonewhotrains训练e g trainingfortherace 为参加赛跑而锻炼2 thestateofbeingtrained受训 BACK staff n 1 astoutstickusedasaweapon棍棒 警棍2 thepersonnelwhocarryoutaspecificenterprise全体雇员e g thenursingstaffofahospitalv 1 toprovidewithastaffofworkersorassistants为 配置工人或助手等职工2 toserveonthestaffof作 的雇员 BACK n 1 allthepeopleemployedbyacompany inthearmedforces etc 员工e g Thecompanyhadtofirehalfofitspersonneltocutcosts militarypersonnel2 thedepartmentinacompanythatdealswith thecomplaintsanddifficultiesof theemployees人事部e g thepersonnelmanagerIwenttopersonneltoaskaboutthecompanyretirementprogram personnel BACK managern 1 onewhohandles controls ordirects especially经营人2 onewhodirectsabusinessorotherenterprise经理3 onewhocontrolsresourcesandexpenditures asofahousehold当家人e g Mywifeisanexcellentmanager 我太太是个很好的管家 BACK firm n 公司 合伙 商号adj 1 resistanttoexternallyappliedpressure坚硬的e g afirmbelief 坚定的信念Pricesarestillfirm 物价仍然稳定 Theteacherwasfirmanddidnotchangehermind 老师很坚决 他不改变主意 2 markedbyorindicatingthetoneandresiliencyofhealthytissue健壮的e g firmmuscles 结实的肌肉 BACK select v totakeasachoicefromamongseveral pickout选择 选出e g Iwasselectedfortheteam 我被选入这个队 adj singledoutinpreference chosen挑选出来的 精选的e g aselectfew 精选出来的少数 BACK suitable adj appropriatetoapurposeoranoccasion合适的e g Thistoyisnotsuitableforyoungchildren 这个玩具不适合小孩玩 BACK employeen apersonwhoworksforanotherinreturnforfinancialorothercompensation雇员e g employeebenefits 雇员利益employeeunions 雇员联合会employeerelations 雇员关系 BACK recentlyadv 最近 新近e g ThecompanyhasrecentlyacquiredanewofficebuildingincentralBoston 这家公司最近在波斯顿市中心买了一幢新的办公楼 Thingsgotsobadrecentlythathedecidedtogoonadiet 近来情况变得如此糟糕 以致他决定节食了 BACK investment n 1 theactofinvesting 投资2 anamountinvested 投资额3 propertyoranotherpossessionacquiredforfuturefinancialreturnorbenefit 资本4 acommitment asoftimeorsupport 投入 BACK advantage n 1 abeneficialfactororcombinationoffactors有利条件2 benefitorprofit gain利益e g Itistoyouradvantagetoinvestwisely 明智地投资对你很有利 3 arelativelyfavorableposition superiorityofmeans有利地位e g Abettereducationgaveustheadvantage 良好的教育使我们处于有利地位 BACK flexible adj 1 capableofbeingbentorflexed pliable柔软的2 capableofbeingbentrepeatedlywithoutinjuryordamage弹性的3 susceptibletoinfluenceorpersuasion tractable温顺的4 responsivetochange adaptable可变通的 易适应的e g aflexibleschedule 可变通的日程表 BACK international adj 1 of relatingto orinvolvingtwoormorenations国际的e g aninternationalcommission 一个国际委员会internationalaffairs 国际事务2 extendingacrossortranscendingnationalboundaries超越国界的e g internationalfame 国际声誉n 国际性组织 国际比赛 BACK layoff 1 toterminatetheemploymentof aworker especiallytemporarily暂时解雇员工e g laid offworkers 下岗工人2 tomarkoff划界线e g layoffanareaforagarden 划出一块区域作为花园 BACK TextBChangingAttitudestoLifelongEmployment 1Thisfall asusual companiesandcorporationsarebusilyhiringnewgraduates Majorcitiesarecrowdedwithyoungmenandwomenwhohavejustgraduatedfromhighschoolorcollegeandwhoarehuntingforajob 2Onehighschoolgraduatesaysthattheemploymentseasonrepresentsjudgmentdayformanystudents Ourwholelivesaredecidedduringthisperiodwhenwe relookingforacompanytoworkfor shesays IknowthatwhenIfinallyfindajob I llprobablybewiththatcompanyfortherestofmylife andthatmakesthejobsearchveryimportant HOME NEXT 译文 3Forsomeemployers thepolicyoflifetimeemploymentisparticularlyimportantbecauseitmeansthattheycanputmoneyandeffortintotrainingtheirstaff Thepersonnelmanagerofonelargefirmreportsthatthepolicyhereisdifferentfrommostothercountries wherecompaniesemploypeoplewhoarealreadytrainedandwhoseskillscanbeusedimmediately Whatwedohere however istoselectyoungpeoplewhohavepotentialandwhocanbetrained hesaid Wethengivethemthekindsofskillsthatwillmakethemsuitableemployeesforus NEXT 译文 TextB continued BACK TextB continued2 4Onerecentlyemployedgraduatesaysthatsheisreceivingagreatdealofvaluabletrainingfromthecompany ThismeansthatIwillbealoyalemployee shesays Anditalsomeansthatthecompanywillkeepme Iamanimportantinvestmentforthem Sothepolicyisagoodonebecauseitisofgreatbenefittoboththeemployerandtheemployee NEXT BACK 译文 5Recently however attitudestowardlifelongemploymentarebeginningtochange Employeesareslowlybeginningtoaccepttheideathatlifelongemploymentisnotalwaysintheirbestinterestandthatchangingfirmscanhavecareeradvantages Companiesarealsodevelopingmoreflexibleemploymentpolicies IthoughtIhadajobforlife saysoneyoungwomanwholastedjustsixmonthsinherfirstjob However whenthecompanylostabiginternationalorder Iwaslaidoff I mnowlookingforanotherjob HOME BACK 译文 TextB continued3 变化中的终身就业观1跟往年一样 今年秋季各家公司正忙于招聘应届毕业生 大城市里挤满了刚刚从中学或大学毕业的青年男女 大家都在忙着找工作 2一个中学毕业生说 就业季节对于许多学生而言意味着最后审判日 她说 当我们在寻找工作单位时 我们的一生就被决定了 我知道 当我最后找到一份工作 我可能会从一而终 这就使得找工作这件事变得极为重要 课文译文 BACK 3对于一些雇主而言 终身雇用的政策极为重要 因为这意味着公司可以投入财力和物力培训自己的雇员 一家大公司的人事部经理说 他们的政策不同于大多数其他国家 在其他国家 公司雇用已经受过培训的人 这些人所掌握的技能马上就能派上用场 然而我们所做的事挑选一些有潜力 可培养的年轻人 然后传授他们技能 把他们培养成公司需要的员工 课文译文 BACK 课文译文 4一个新近被录用的毕业生说公司正给她提供大量有价值的培训 她说 这意味着我将成为一名忠诚的员工 同时也意味着公司将留住我 我是公司的一项重要投资 因此 终身雇用是一项很好的投资政策 它对雇主和雇员都有利 BACK 5然后 近来人们多终身雇用的看法有了转变 雇员们慢慢地开始接受了这样的观念 终身就业于某一单位对他们来说并非最好 跳槽有利于职业发展 一些公司也正在开发更具有弹性的就业政策 一位年轻妇女第一份工作只干了半年 她说 以前我以为得到了一份终身职业 可是当公司失去了一笔巨额国际订单后 我就失业了 现在 我正在另找工作 课文译文 BACK Majorcitiesarecrowdedwithyoungmenandwomenwhohavejustgraduatedfromhighschoolorcollegeandwhoarehuntingforajob 大城市挤满了刚刚从中学或大学毕业的正在找工作的毕业生 句中有两个并列的以who引导的定语从句 修饰前面的menandwomen BACK JudgmentDay最后审判日根据 到了世界末日 死者将从墓中复活 接受基督审判 其中好人升上天堂 坏人贬入地狱 1 thetimeafterdeathwheneveryoneisjudgedbyGodforwhattheyhavedoneinlife accordingtoChristianityandsomeotherreligions also DayofJudgment TheLastJudgment2 thedaywhenaveryimportanteventtakesplace e g TomorrowisjudgmentdayformebecauseIwillknowwhetherIgetthejob BACK IknowthatwhenIfinallyfindajob I llprobablybewiththatcompanyfortherestofmylife andthatmakesthejobsearchveryimportant 我知道当我最终找到一份工作 我会在那家公司干一辈子 这就使得找工作这件事极其重要 句中bewith意思是 在 某单位 工作 and后面的that指的是要在那家公司干一辈子这个情况 Exercise汉译英 他在这家公司干了十年了 Key He sbeenwiththefirmfortenyears BACK Thepersonnelmanagerofonelargefirmreportsthatthepolicyhereisdifferentfrommostothercountries wherecompaniesemploypeoplewhoarealreadytrainedandwhoseskillscanbeusedimmediately 一家大公司的人事经理说他们的政策不同于大多数别的国家 在别的国家 公司雇用受过训练的人 这些人的技能马上就可以用得上 句中where引导一个非限制性定语从句 修饰othercountries 该句还包含两个分别以who和whose引导的定语从句 BACK Employeesareslowlybeginningtoaccepttheideathatlifelongemploymentisnotalwaysintheirbestinterestandthatchangingfirmscanhavecareeradvantages雇员们慢慢地开始接受了这样的理念 终身就职于某一单位对他们来说并非最好 跳槽对职业发展有好处 insb sinterest helpingsomeoneandgivingthemanadvantagee g actinthebestinterestofthepatientItmaynotbeinherintereststochangejobssosoon intheinterestofsb inordertoachieveaparticularsituationorqualitye g Itisinourinterestthattherewillbepeaceinthatarea Intheinterestofsafety passengersareadvisedtoweartheirseatbeltsatalltimes BACK IthoughtIhadafobforlife saysoneyoungwomanwholastedjustsixmonthsinherfirstjob 我认为我有了一份一辈子的工作 一个年轻女子说 她的第一份工作仅仅维持了6个月 sixmonths前省略了forlastv 1 tocontinuetoexist 近 enduree g Howlongwillthemeetinglast Mostsessionslastabouthalfanhour 2 tobeenoughforaperiodoftimee g I veonlygot 5tolastmetilltheendoftheweek 3 tosurvive livee g Thewoundedisnotexpectedtolastthenight 近 survive BACK MainIdeasFillintheblankswithappropriatewordsaccordingtothereadingpassage Manyhighschoolandcollegegraduateshavetheideathatoncetheyareemployed theywillbe thatcompanyforthe oftheirlives Atthesametime some haveadoptedalifetimeemployment Oncetheyhirepeople theycanputmoneyand intotrainingthem andmakethem employeesforthecompanies someextent thispolicyisgoodbecauseitisofgreatbenefittobothemployersand Recently however someemployeesarebeginningtochangetheir towardthelifelongemploymentandtheythinkchangingfirmscanbringthemcareer with rest employers policy effort suitable To employees attitudes advantages HOME DetailedUnderstandingofTextBCompletethefollowingsentencesaccordingtothetext 1 Benefitsoflifelongemploymentforemployees 1 Theycan 2 Theycan 2 Benefitoflifelongemploymentforemployers Thecompanycanhave receivevaluab