语法之宾语补足语

Unit3Grammarandusage Objectcomplememt宾语补足语 1 Pollyfoundherselfstaringupatthefaceofanoldman 2 Svenfoundtheremainsofbuildingsburiedunderthesand togetherwithalotoftreasures 3 Wefoundtheruinsmostinteresting 指出下列划线部分在句子中充当的成分 宾语补足语 Step1Introduction 主语 及物动词 宾语 宾语补足语 宾语补足语是用来补充说明宾语的一种成分 常放在宾语之后 和宾语一起构成复合宾语 宾补的构成 n adj adv 介词短语 动词不定式 v ing形式和过去分词 该句型的实质是及物动词的一些搭配 Theypaintedtheirhousewhite HisfathernamedhimTom Youmustn tforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou 4 Nobodynoticedhimentertheroom 名词 形容词 不定式 不带to的不定式 即时演练 4 Wesawherenteringtheroom 5 Wemustgettheworkfinishedby10o clock 6 Wheneveryoumaygo youwillfindhimatwork 7 Letthefreshairin 过去分词 介词短语 副词 现在分词或其短语 1不定式做宾补2分词做宾补3名词做宾补4形容词 副词 介词短语做宾补 Step2 Presentation 1 不定式作宾补 Theteacherasksus 背诵 thetext Tellhim shut thewindow 常接带to的动词不定式作宾补的动词有 force迫使 get使 help帮助 inspire鼓励 invite邀请order命令 persuade说服 teach教 tell告诉 want想要 warn警告 wouldlike想要 torecite toshut Wesawthecar 停止 Imadehim 改变 hismindLetme 介绍 youtoMissLi 常接省略to的不定式做宾语补足语的动词要记牢 stop change introduce 感官动词和部分使役动词 吾看三室两厅一感觉一感 feel二听 hear listento三使 let have make五看 observe see watch lookat notice 想一想 Theboywasmade work twelvehoursaday Thecarwasseen stop Themiddle agedmanwasseen enter thebuilding towork tostop toenter 注意 变为被动语态时 不定式符号to必须保留 2分词作宾补 Theywalkedoffandleftme sit therealone Themurdererwasbroughtin withhishands tie behindhisback Withthehomework finish hewasallowedtowatchthefootballmatch Agroupofchildrenwerefound play ontheplayground Afterwakingup Ifoundeveryone go Don tleavethewindows break likethisallthetime sitting tied finished playing gone broken 1 现在分词作宾补 宾语在逻辑上是分词表示的动作的执行者 2 过去分词作宾补 宾语在逻辑上是分词表示的动作的承受者 3 省略了to的不定式作宾补只是表示一个事实 说明动作的全过程 4 带to的不定式作宾补往往表示不定式的动作发生在谓语动词的动作之后 Compare 分词 不定式作宾补在意义上的区别 试比较 1 Iheardagirlsingingupstairs 表示一个主动 进行的动作 我听见一个女孩正在楼上唱歌 2 Iheardthesongsung 表示一个被动 完成的动作 我听见有人唱过这首歌 3 Iheardagirlsingupstairs 强调唱歌的事实 我听到一个女孩在楼上唱歌 4 I llgetsomeonetorepairtherecorderforyou 不定式的动作发生在谓语动词动作之后 我要叫人帮你修理录音机 Ioftenhearthegirl thisEnglishsonginherroom Iheardthegirl thisEnglishsonginherroomwhenIpassedby IheardthisEnglishsong inherroom Thegirlisoftenheard thisEnglishsonginherroom ThisEnglishsongwasheard bythegirlinherroom sing singing sung tosing sung Thisgirlwasheard thisEnglishsonginherroomwhenIpassedby singing 3 名词作宾补 Shefoundhimaverycleverboy WemadehimchairmanofourStudents Union 注意 Eg 我们选Mr Yang做我们班的班长 We Mr Yang ofourclass 独一无二的头衔职位前不加冠词 elected monitor 总结 名词做宾补 通常放在call name elect make consider think appoint等动词之后 补充说明宾语的身份或特性等 4 形容词 副词 介词短语作宾补Youshouldkeepyourroomcleanandtidy We dbetterleavethedooropen LetthefreshairinTohersurprise shefoundherselfinadifferentworld注意 形容词 副词 介词短语作宾补 通常放在keep make find leave等动词之后 补充说明宾语的状态或特征等 名词 形容词 副词和介词短语充当宾补时 它们和宾语之间有着逻辑上的主谓关系 又称表语关系 若无宾补 则句意补完整 主语 谓语 it 宾补 真正宾语 6123句型 Ifounditverypleasanttobewithyourfamily Practice 单句改错 MymotherasksmespeakEnglishasmuchaspossible Ifindveryeasytodotoday shomework Thoughhehadoftenmadehissisterworkingforhim todayhewasmadeworkforher Myadvisorencouragedmetakingasummercoursetoimprovemywritingskills 2004北京 to it work to totake 1 他感到很难同你交谈 feel Hefeltitverydifficulttotalkwithyou 2 我认为有可能用另一种方法解题 consider Iconsideritpossibletoworkouttheprobleminanotherway 3学校订了一条规则 上课时学生要起立 make Theschoolmadeitarulethatthestudentsshouldstandupwhenclassbegins 4 我们认为只说不做是无益的 find Wefinditnogoodourtalkingwithoutdoing 5 她的父母认为她不可能说谎 think Herparentsthoughtitimpossibleforhertotelllies Thankyou 三 重点动词后宾补的用法 make用作使役动词表示 使 使成为 时 Wemadehim 队长 ofourfootballteam Theheavyrainmadeit 不可能 forustogoout Thespeakerraisedhisvoicebutstillcouldn tmakehimself understand captain impossible understood 1 Pauldoesn thavetobemade Healwaysworkshard A learnB tolearnC learnedD learning2 Theresultoftheentranceexamswasnotmade tothepublicuntillastThursday A knowingB knownC toknowD tobeknown 1 Theteacherhadher recite thetextagain 2 Hewantstohavehiseyes examine tomorrow3 Becareful oryou llhaveyourhands hurt 4 Hehadthegirl stand intheclassroomthewholemorning recite examined hurt standing have表示 使得 其后接宾语补足语 havesbdosth使得某人做某事havesbdoingsth使得某人正在做某事havesthdone使得某事被做 1 I vehadmyradio sosoonbecausemyfatherhadme it A repair doneB repaired doCrepairing doD repaired done2 Youcan thavethehorse alltheway It stoohot A runB torunC runningD toberunning3 Wewillhaveyou know thatthemachinehasbeenmade work atfullspeed B C know towork leave表示 使 让 保持某种状态 1 Leavehimtodoithimself 2 Hewentout leavinghispaperslyingonthedesk 3 Heleftafewquestionsunanswered 1 Ican tleavesuchanimportantmatter 没有完成 2 Theykilledthecow cutofftheskinsandleftthebodies rot腐烂 3 Whathesaidleftme 思考 deeply undone unfinished torot thinking 5 find意为 发现 发觉 Agroupofchildrenwerefound play ontheplayground Thecatwasfound kill yesterday Acookwillbeimmediatelyfiredifheisfound inthekitchen A smokeB smokingC tosmokeD smokedWehavefoundhim tobe adishonestperson 我们发现他是一个不诚实的孩子 findsbdoingsth 发现一种动作正在进行findsthdone发现某事被做 playing killed B keep当 使 保持在 某种状态 讲时 其后通常接复合宾语 可用形容词 介词 副词 现在分词 过去分词等作宾补 如 We llkeepyou ofthefact 我们将让你知道事实 Sorrytohavekeptyou forsuchalongtime 对不起 让你久等了 It sourdutytokeepoursurroundingsclean 保持我们周围环境清洁是我们的职责 Hisillnesskepthiminbedformonths 他因病卧床好几个月 informed waiting 1 InpartsofAsiayoumustnotsitwithyourfeet point atanotherperson 2 Theartistisworkingwithhishair tie back 3 Withallthesemouth feed hedidn tknowwhattodo pointing tied tofeed with 宾语 宾补 4 那位怀抱婴儿的妇女是汤姆的母亲 Thewomanwithababy isTom smother inherarms 5 他光穿着一件衬衣在那里干活 Hewasworkingtherewithonlyashirt on 6 孩子们堆了个雪人 手都冻红了 Theboysmadeasnowman withhands redwithcold 1 productionupby60 thecompanyhashadanotherexcellentyear A AsB ForC WithD Through2 everything sheleftthesupermarketwithsatisfaction A As buyingB For tobuyC With boughtD Because tobuy C C With 宾语 宾补 七 在复合宾语中 宾语通常为名词或代词 但有时也可以用不定式 短语 动名词 短语 或that从句来充当 这时 应使用先行it代替宾语 而将真正的宾语移到句子的后部 如 Ifeltitnecessarytospeakaboutourshortcomings Doyouconsideritanygoodtryingagain Weallthoughtitapitythatyoucouldn tjoinus 注意 在这种结构中 宾语补足语通常为名词或形容词 常用于这种结构的动词有 feel find think make take judge consider等 Practice 单句改错 Thespeakerraisedhisvoicebutstillcouldn tmakehimselfunderstand WeallelectedJasonthemonitor Theteacheraskedusnotmakesomuchnoise Whatanicefireyouhaveinyourfireplace DuringthewinterIlikemyhousewarmlyandcomfortable understood to warm 5 Don tleavethewaterrunwhileyoubrushyourteeth 6 Hepushedthedooropening 7 Shelookedaroundandcaughtamanputhishandintothepocketofapassenger 8 Withalotofdifficultproblemssettle thenewly electedpresidentishavingahardtime 9 Itwasapitythatthegreatwriterdiedofhisworksunfinished running open putting to with Tellhim thewindow toshutnotB nottoshutC tonotshutD notshut2 There saholeinyourbag Iknow I mgoingtohaveit A mendB mendingC mendedD tobemended3 Thoughhehadoftenmadehislittlesister todayhewasmade byhislittlesister A cry tocryB crying cryingC cry cryD tocry cry4 Theywouldnotallowhim acrosstheenemyline A toriskgoingB riskingtogoC forrisktogoD riskgoing 单项选择 5 Ifoundthedoor