英语语音语调教程第一单元

学习语音的重要意义 Whydowelearnthiscourse 1 有利于正确地从声音方面表达思想 对听说技能的获得是必须的 2 有助于语法和词汇的学习 全面的牢固的掌握一门外语 必须有声地掌握该们语音即首先掌握语音 English WestGermaniclanguageAbout325millionnativespeakersBritain 56millionTheUSA 232millionCanada 24millionAustralia NewZealand 17millionThesoleofficiallanguagein20 countries themostimportantlanguageofcommerce themostwidelylearnedsecondlanguage TheimportanceoflearningEnglishpronunciationandintonation 1 GoodpronunciationandintonationisessentialforateacherofEnglish 2 Goodpronunciationandintonationisneededforbettercommunication 3 Goodpronunciationandintonationisthebasisofgoodlisteningandspeakingabilities 4 Goodpronunciationandintonationhassomeindirectinfluenceonthestudents writingandreadingabilities 5 Goodpronunciationandintonationcanhelpthestudentsdevelopgoodsenseoflanguage Whatdowestudyinthiscourse Thestudyofpronunciationconsistsoftwofields phonetics 语音学 andphonology 语音体系 Phoneticsdealswiththeproductionofspeechsoundsbyhumans oftenwithoutpriorknowledgeofthelanguagebeingspoken Phonologyisaboutpatternsofsounds especiallydifferentpatternsofsoundsindifferentlanguages orwithineachlanguage differentpatternsofsoundsindifferentpositionsinwordsetc 英语语音教程的范畴Contents 1 掌握英语44个音素的发音1 音素的概念 Phone phoneme Thesmallestmeaning distinctivesoundunit用以区别意义 组成一个读音的最小发音单位 其作用类似于汉语拼音 2 音素的分类元音20个 单元音12 双元音8 辅音音素24个 共计44 Speechsounds Englishconsonants Pronunciationofthe26letters Aa Hh Jj Kk Bb Cc Dd Ee Gg Pp Tt Vv Zz Ame Ff Ll Mm Nn Ss Xx ZzIi YyOo Qq UuRrWw 3 元音分为单元音和双元音单元音中 根据发音时舌头前中后哪个部分抬得最高 可以分成前元音 中元音和后元音4 辅音根据成阻方式可分为 爆破音 摩擦音 鼻辅音 破擦音 旁流音和半元音 1 掌握英语44个音素的发音 Howtolearnthiscourse 1 imitation2 practice esp afterclass 学习语音应注意什么 1 多听 多模仿 多练习 2 以听促读 说 3 掌握每个音是怎么发音的 发音器官 发音器官图 1 请列举你所认为的发音器官 Organsofspeech 1 上唇upperlip2 下唇lowerlip3 上齿upperteeth4 下齿lowerteeth5 上齿龈upperteethridge6 硬腭hardpalate7 软腭softpalate8 小舌theuvula9 舌端thetipofthetongue10 舌前thefrontofthetongue11 舌后thebackofthetongue12 喉头throat13 声带thevocalcords14 器官organs15 咽头thepharynx16 口腔themouthcavity17 鼻腔thenasalcavity 总结 提高语音语调的几个方法 1 ListentospokenEnglishasoftenaspossible 多听别人说 自己做有心人 Listen Hownativespeakerspronouncevariouswordsandphrasesand model yourpronunciationonwhatyouhear 总结 提高语音语调的几个方法 2 Learnthephoneticalphabet 学习音标 Usethephoneticalphabetpage atthebeginningofmostgooddictionaries asaguidetopronouncingnewwords 总结 提高语音语调的几个方法 3 Don tforgettolearnthewordstressofanewword 注意单词重音 EveryEnglishwordhasitsownstress orintonation Forexample theword believe hastwosyllables beandlieve butonlythesecondsyllableisstressed Wesaybe lieveandnot believe Yourdictionarywillshowthesyllablestressbyanapostrophe beforethesyllabletobeWordstressisimportant Infact itismorelikelythatsomeonemisunderstandsyoubecauseofwrongwordstressthanbecauseofthewrongpronunciationofasound 总结 提高语音语调的几个方法 4 WorkoutwhichsoundscauseyoumostproblemsinEnglish 找出自己的弱点 专门解决 Dependingonwhatyourfirstlanguageis youmayhaveproblemswithcertainsounds Forexample Frenchspeakershavedifficultieswith th speakersofMandarinhavedifficultieswith r or l andArabicspeakershavedifficultieswith p and b Forexample pair and bear pond and bond pie and buy etc 总结 提高语音语调的几个方法 5 Beawareofintonationandsentencestress 注意句子的重读 Notallwordsinasentencehaveequalstress andgenerallyonlythe information words nounsandverbs arestressed Where sthe penI gaveyou Where sthe red penI gaveyouWhere sthe redand blue penI gaveyou yesterday Theunstressedwords suchas the I you and and don tcarryasmuch weight asthestressedwords Theybecomemuchsmallerinlength andarealmostabbreviated Forexample and becomes un 5 Beawareofintonationandsentencestress 注意句子的重读 Changingstress根据意思改变重读Sentencestressisn t fixed likewordstress Infact youcanstresswordsthatarenormallyunstressedinordertohighlightdifferentmeanings Forexample I loveyou Love ratherthanjustlike Iloveyou WiththestressonItohighlightthatit smeratherthananotherpersonwholovesyou Ilove you Andnobodyelse 5 Beawareofintonationandsentencestress 注意句子的重读 Intonation不同情境不同语调Thereareacoupleofeasytorememberrulesaboutintonation Usuallyourvoicesgoupattheendofthesentencetoshowaquestion anddownattheendtoshowastatement Intonationisalsoimportantin tagquestions Youknowhim don tyou Withrisingintonationon don tyou toshowit saquestion Youknowhim don tyou Withfallingintonationon don tyou toshowit sastatementyouexpecttheotherpersontoagreewith 总结 提高语音语调的几个方法 6 Learntorecognizespellingpatterns 根据拼写规则发音Forexample tion ontheendofawordispronounced shun while sion canbepronounced zhun Thereareoftenmanywaystopronounceaparticularspellingpattern butitcertainlyhelpstoknowwhatthevariationsare Forexample thepattern ough canbepronounced uff asin enough and tough or or asin ought and bought or oh asin although and dough 总结 提高语音语调的几个方法 7 Don trush 不要比速度 合适语速比清晰 Ifyouspeaktoofast thedangeristhatyoucouldskipoversomewords failtopronouncethemcompletely ormixthemup Ifyouspeaktooslowly youmightendupsoundingunnatural Butit sbettertospeakslowlyandclearlythantooquickly AboutFinalExamination