农业开发有限公司食用菌工厂化生产项目可行性研究报告.doc

at once, Jumbo refused to move. Fifteen policemen had to push very hard to get him off the main street. The police had a difficult time, but they were most amused. Jumbo must weigh a few tons, said a policeman afterwards, so it was fortunate that we didnt have to carry him. Of course, we should arrest him, but as he has a good record, we shall let him off this time.Lesson66 Sweet as honey! 像蜜一样甜！The Hatheld Puffin is a modern aero-plane, but its designer, Mr John Wimpenny, is finding it difficult to get it off the ground. The reason for this is that this plane is also a bicycle. Its pilot has to pedal hard to get it into the air. After Mr Wimpenny had the plane built, it was tested thoroughly. In 1961, it was the first man-powered aircraft to fly half a mile. While being flown by a champion amateur cyclist in 1963, the plane crashed on an airfield. Since then, Mr Wimpenny has had it rebuilt. He has had the length of the wings increased so that they now measure 93 feet-almost as long as those of a Dakota. Many people have shown interest in this new and unusual sport. But though air cyclists may learn how to fly over short distances, and may, eventually, even get across the English Channel, it is doubtful whether they will ever cycle across the Atlantic.Lesson67 Volcanoes 火山Haroun Tazieff the Polish scientist, has spent his life-time studying active volcanoes and deep caves in all parts of the world. In 1948, he went to lake Kivu in the Congo to observe a new volcano which he later named Kituro. Tazieff was able to set up his camp very close to the volcano while it was erupting violently. Though he managed to take a number of brilliant photographs, he could not stay near the volcano for very long. He noticed that a river of liquid rock was coming towards him. It threatened to surround him completely, but Tazieff managed to escape just in time. He waited until the volcano became quiet and he was able to return two days later. This time, he managed to climb into the mouth of Kituro so that he could take photographs and measure temperatures. Tazieff has often risked his life in this way. He has been able to tell us more about active volcanoes than any man alive. Lesson68 Persistent 纠缠不休I crossed the street to avoid meeting him, but he saw me and came running towards me. It was no use pretending that I had not seen him, so I waved to him. I never enjoy meeting Bert Dykes. He never has anything to do. No matter how busy you are, he always insists on coming with you. I had to think of a way of preventing him from following me around all morning.Hullo, Bert, I said. Fancy meeting you here !Hullo, Elizabeth, Bert answered. I was just wondering how to spend the morning-until I saw you. Youre not busy doing anything, are you ? No, not at all, I answered. Im going to. .Would you mind my coming with you ? he asked, before I had finished speaking. Not at all, I lied, but Im going to the dentist. Then Ill come with you, he answered. Theres always plenty to read in the waiting room !lesson69 But not murder! 并非谋杀！I was being tested for a driving licence for the third time. I had been asked to drive in heavy traffic and had done so successfully. After having been instructed to drive out of town, I began to acquire confidence. Sure that I had passed, I was almost beginning to enjoy my test. The examiner must have been pleased with my performance, for he smiled and said, Just one more thing, Mr Eames. Let us suppose that a child suddenly crosses the road in front of you. As soon as I tap on the window, I want the car to be stopped immediately. I continued driving and after some time, the examiner tapped loudly. Though the sound could be heard clearly, it took me a long time to react. I suddenly pressed the brake pedal hard and we were both thrown forward. The examiner looked at me sadly. Mr Eames, he said, in a mournful voice, you have just killed that child ! lesson70 Red for danger 危险的红色During a bullfight, a drunk suddenly wandered into the middle of the ring. The crowd began to shout, but the drunk was unaware of the danger. The bull was busy with the matador at the time, but it suddenly caught sight of the drunk who was shouting rude remarks and waving a red cap. Apparently sensitive to criticism, the bull forgot all about the matador and charged at the drunk. The crowd suddenly grew quiet. The drunk, however, seemed quite sure of himself. When the bull got close to him, he clumsily stepped aside to let it pass. The crowd broke into cheers and the drunk bowed. By this time, however, three men had come into the ring and they quickly dragged the drunk to safety. Even the bull seemed to feel sorry for him, for it looked on sympathetically until the drunk was out of the way before once more turning its attention to the matador.Lesson71 A famous clock 一个著名的大钟When you visit London, one of the first things you will see is Big Ben, the famous clock which can be heard all over the world on the B.B.C. If the Houses of Parliament had hot been burned down in 1834, the great clock would never have been erected. Big Ben takes its name from Sir Benjamin Hall who was responsible for the making of the clock when the new Houses of Parliament were being built. It is not only of immense size, but is extremely accurate as well. Officials from Greenwich Observatory have the clock checked twice a day. On the B.B.C. you can hear the clock when it is actually striking because microphones are connected to the clock tower. Big Ben has rarely gone wrong. Once, however, it failed to give the correct time. A painter who had been working on the tower hung a pot of paint on one of the hands and slowed it down ! Lesson72 A car called Bluebird “蓝鸟”汽车The great racing driver, Sir Malcolm Campbell, was the first man to drive at over 300 miles per hour. He set up a new world record in September 1935 at Bonneville Salt Flats, Utah. Bluebird, the car he was driving, had been specially built for him. It was over 30 feet in length and had a 2500 horse-power engine. Although Campbell reached a speed of over 304 miles per hour, he had great difficulty in controlling the car because a tyre burst during the first run. After his attempt, Campbell was disappointed to learn that his average speed had been 299 miles per hour. However, a few days later, he was told that a mistake had been made. His average speed had been 301 miles per hour. Since that time, racing drivers have reached speeds of over 400 miles an hour. Following his fathers footsteps many years later, Sir Malcolms son, Donald, also set up a world record. Like his father, he was driving a car called Bluebird.Lesson73 The record-holder 纪录保持者Little boys who play truant from school are unimaginative. A quiet days fishing, or eight hours in a cinema seeing the same film over and over again, is usually as far as they get. They have all been put to shame by a boy who, while playing truant, travelled 1600 miles. He hitch- hiked to Dover and, towards evening, went into a boat to find somewhere to sleep. When he woke up next morning, he discovered that the boat had, in the meantime, travelled to Calais. No one noticed the boy as he crept off. From there, he hitch-hiked to Paris in a lorry. The driver gave him a few biscuits and a cup of coffee and left him just outside the city. The next car the boy stopped did not take him into the centre of Paris as he hoped it would, but to Perpignan on the French-Spanish border. There he was picked up by a policeman and sent back to England by the local authorities. He has surely set up a record for the thousands of boys who dream of evading school.Lesson74 Out of the limelight 舞台之外An ancient bus stopped by a dry river bed and a party of famous actors and actresses got off. Dressed in dark glasses and old clothes, they had taken special precautions so that no one should recognize them. But as they soon discovered, disguises can sometimes be too perfect.This is a wonderful place for a picnic, said Gloria Gleam. It couldnt be better, Gloria, Brinksley Meers agreed. No newspaper men, no film fans! Why dont we come more often ? Meanwhile, two other actors, Rockwall Slinger and Merlin Greeves, had carried two large food baskets to a shady spot under some trees. When they had all made themselves comfortable, a stranger appeared. He looked very angry. Now you gut out of here, all of you! he shouted: Im sheriff here. Do you see that notice ? It says No Camping-in case you cant read ! Look, sheriff, said Rockwall, dont be too hard on us. Im Rockwall Slinger and this is Merlin Greeves. Oh, is it ? said the sheriff with a sneer. Well, Im Brinksley Meers, and my other name is Gloria Gleam. Now you get out of here fast !lesson75 SOS 呼救信号When a light passenger plane flew off course some time ago, it crashed in the mountains and its pilot was killed. The only passengers, a young woman and her two baby daughters, were unhurt. It was the middle of winter. Snow lay thick on the ground. The woman knew that the nearest village was miles away. When it grew dark. she turned a suitcase into a bed and put the children inside it, covering them with all the clothes she could find. During the night, it got terribly cold. The woman kept as near as she could to the children and even tried to get into the case herself, but it was too small. Early ,next morning she heard planes passing overhead and wondered how she could send a signal. Then she had an idea. She stamped out the letters SOS in the snow. Fortunately, a pilot saw the signal and sent a message by radio to the nearest town. It was not long before a helicopter arrived on the scene to rescue the survivors of the plane crash.Lesson76 April Fools Day 愚人节To end our special news bulletin, said the voice of the television announcer, we are taking you to the macaroni fields of Calabria. Macaroni has been grown in this area for over six hundred years. Two of the leading growers, Giuseppe Moldova and Ricardo Brabante, tell me that they have been expecting a splendid crop this year and harvesting has begun earlier than usual. Here you can see two workers who, between them, have just finished cutting three cart-loads of golden brownmacaroni stalks. The whole village has been working day and night gathering and threshing this years crop before the September rains. On the right, you can see Mrs Brabante herself. She has been helping her husband for thirty years now. Mrs Brabante is talking to the manager of the local factory where the crop is processed. This last scene shows you what will happen at the end of the harvest : the famous Calabrian macaroni-eating competition ! Signor Fratelli, the present champion, has won it every year since 1961. And that ends our special bulletin for today, Thursday, April 1st. We are now returning you to the studio.Lesson77 A successful operation 一例成功的手术The mummy of an Egyptian woman who died in 800 B.C. has just had an operation. The mummy is that of Shepenmut who was once a singer in the Temple of Thebes. As there were strange marks on the X-ray plates taken of the mummy, doctors have been trying to find out whether the woman died of a rare disease. The only way to do this was to operate. The operation, which lasted for over four hours, proved to be very difficult because of the hard resin which covered the skin. The doctors removed a section of the mummy and sent it to a laboratory. They also found something which the X-ray of the god Duamutef. This god which has the head of a cow was normally placedinside a mummy. The doctors have not yet decided how the woman died. They feared that the mummy would fall to pieces when they cut it open, but fortunately this has not happened. The mummy successfully survived the operation. Lesson78 The last one? 最后一枝吗？After reading an article entitled Cigarette Smoking and Your Health I lit a cigarette to calm my nerves. I smoked with concentration and pleasure as I was sure that this would be my last cigarette. For a whole week I did not smoke at all and during this time, my wife suffered terribly. I had all the usual symptoms of someone giving up smoking: a bad temper第一章总 论第一节项目概况一、项目名称山东XX农业开发有限公司食用菌工厂化生产项目二、建设地点 三、建设周期三年，从2011年至2013年。四、建设单位1、单位名称：山东XX农业开发有限公司2、单位地址：XX县XX镇XX村3、法定代表人：XXX4、投资总额：3200万元5、项目简介根据国家南水北调相关政策，解决我镇剩余劳动力就业问题，增加库区农民收入。利用当地丰富的废弃秸秆和禽畜粪便资源，变废为宝，大力发展新能源经济，走可持续循环发展道路。经我公司多次考察论证并结合我公司今年栽培效益，以及未来中国巨大的消费市场潜力，促使栽培模式从目前传统栽培模式向集约化、规模化、产业化和现代工厂化标准转变，具有龙头示范带动作用。同时，利用菌草技术，解决了秸秆废料利用，有利于保持生态环境，有利于食用菌可持续发展。利用秸秆栽培以及深加工的生产过程将依据国家农业部“绿色食品”认证标准进行，符合市场消费主流、提高市场竞争力，为社会提供源于自然、高质量、无污染的环保型安全产品，有助于打破国际贸易对中国食、药菌产品的绿色堡垒，属于“环保型”“生态型”“可循环型”农业。在现有基础上根据相关扶持政策投资3200万元新上年产2300吨工厂化食用菌栽培项目。计划占地80亩项目实施地点XX镇XX村，项目建设周期36个月，投产后年实现产值7126万元，利税21460.66万元。6、公司简介山东XX农业开发有限公司位于泰安市XX县XX镇XX村，成立于2011年5月11日，下设XX食用菌专业合作社主要业务范围如下：食用菌工厂化栽培生产、菌需物资的组织采购、供应，销售种植的食用菌、蔬菜，为周边菇农提供食用菌、蔬菜种植技术、信息咨询服务，食用菌、蔬菜种植技术研发等。山东XX农业开发有限公司成立以来，积极围绕党委、政府制订的发展规划，充分发挥“公司+基地+农户”的经营优势对内搞好服务和对外搞好产品销售的两大功能，严格按照中华人民共和国公司法和专业合作社章程的有关规定，产权明晰，运行机制合理，建立健全了社员大会制度、理事会工作制度、财务管理制度等10个管理制度，并不断完善，实行独立核算、盈余返还。公司以“农民增收、财政增收、社会增效”为目标，积极引导农民群众大力发展食用菌富民产业，采取“公司+基地+农户”发展模式，实行食用菌发展产加销一条龙，高起点规划，高标准建设，高水平运作，高效益发展，努力把XX打造成食用菌产业之镇，实现富民强镇目标。山东XX农业开发有限公司实施的食用菌工厂化生产项目，得到了上级领导和XX镇党委、政府的大力支持，为保证食用菌产业化发展项目施工质量和进度，该镇实行副镇级包保项目制度，细化责任，严格奖惩，责任人盯靠项目建设一线，积极为食用菌产业发展解决问题。加强食用菌基地基础设施建设，大力实施水、电、路三通，为基地建设提供便捷、优质服务。同时，合作社还多次参加该镇组织镇村党员干部活动，赴外地参观学习，增强跨越发展意识，提高发展境界。立足根本，放眼未来，合作社将积极地坚持科学化、标准化管理，锐意进取，努力开拓，把食用菌产业做大、做强、夯实，为打造一个市场广泛认可的品牌而奋力拼搏，为XX乃至全国食用菌产业的发展做出应有的贡献。第二节 报告的编制依据一、报告的编制依据1、中华人民共和国国民经济和社会发展第十二个五年规划纲要；2、山东省国民经济和社会发展第十二个五年规划纲要；3、XX县国民经济和社会发展第十二个五年规划纲要；4、全国农业和农村经济发展第十二个五年规划；5、全国优势农产品区域布局规划（20082015年）；6、中国蔬菜重点区域发展规划(2009-2015年)；7、泰安市农业产业化发展规划（20092013年）；8、XX县食用菌生产发展规划(2009-2012年)；9、投资项目可行性研究指南（试用版）；10、建设项目经济评价方法与参数（第三版）；11、绿色食品 产地环境技术条件NY/T391-200012、无公害食品 双孢蘑菇NY5097-200213、无公害食品 蘑菇栽培基质安全技术要求NY5099-200214、目前国家相关产业政策、法律法规。第三节 可行性研究的结论我国现代化建设正处于关键时期。能否抓住机遇，继续深化认识和妥善处理现代化进程中产生的农业、农村、农民方面的新情况、新矛盾、新问题，是对中国共产党人领导中华民族实现伟大复兴的又一次严峻考验。要深刻认识农业农村农民问题的长期性和紧迫性；深刻认识增加农业投入、农民收入的关键性。南水北调工程作为一项跨流域的宏伟工程，是党中央、国务院作出的重大战略决策，旨在实现南北经济齐飞，其深远意义为世人瞩目。移民安置工作是工程实施的一项重要基础性工作，事关社会稳定大局，在构建和谐社会的新形势下也有着举足轻重的作用。XX镇地处南水北调东线工程的实施地区XX湖西岸，有一定的数量的移民需要安置，转移就业。移民安置并不只给是他们盖上房子就可了事，他们的生产生活出路在哪里，即靠什么生产、发家、致富，都需要通盘考虑，发展食用菌特别是种植加工双孢菇生产为XX镇湖滨农户的生产生活指出了一条可行的道路。而食用菌工厂化种植将实现周年出菇“不与民征地、不与地争时”，是未来我镇长期解决剩余劳动力的有效途径。第二章项目提出的背景与建设的必要第一节XX县XX镇概况XX县XX镇是泰安市最西端的一个镇镇,面积88平方公里,位于XX湖西畔、黄河岸边，220国道纵贯南北。全镇人口3.6万人，其中回族人口占1%。XX镇历史悠久，古迹众多，文化底蕴深厚，民风纯朴。据记载，明洪武年间，戴姓在此建村，并在村边建一庙宇，故名XX。该地是商纣王庶兄封地，是XX县第一个党支部诞生地。地理位置优越，交通便利。XX距京九铁路梁山站仅30公里，220国道南北贯穿该镇、黄河最大的浮桥位于该镇西部，“村村通工程”的完工，实现了公路网的全境覆盖，南水北调工程完工后，将建成客运码头与货运码头两处，可以乘船直下江南。第二节项目提出背景食用菌这一新兴的健康食品。既拥有长久的食用历史，又拥有不断发展更新的栽培技术。近年来，食用菌因其美味的口感、多样的烹调方式、丰富的营养价值和简易长久的保存时限而受到广大消费者的青睐。尤其随着经济的发展与社会的进步，越来越多的人们开始喜欢清淡、健康、简易的饮食方式，而食用菌正是这种理想的食品。此外，近年来由于疯牛病、猪瘟、禽流感等疾病的影响，使得肉类食品的消费额逐年下降，而以食用菌为代表的新兴食品消费额逐年上升。食用菌不仅是一种食物，而且更是抗癌防癌的绿色食品。这就使得越来越多的人们习惯于食用菌替代肉类食品，因此食用菌的需求不断增长。世界粮农组织也推荐每日健康食谱是“一荤一菌一素”。可见，食用菌作为未来的国际主流营养食品，其发展空间十分巨大。近几年来食用菌产业在我国也得到迅速发展，经营模式也有了很大的改进，传统的食用菌生产方式难以适应现代市场经济的工业化、规模化、集约化、标准化、连续化、周年均衡供应要求。因此，实现产品的周年均衡供应时必由之路。食用菌工厂化栽培是最具有现代化农业特征的产业化方式，它是采用工业化的技术手段，在相对可控的环境设施条件下，组织高效率的机械化、自动化作业，实现食用菌生产的规模化、集约化、标准化、周年化成产。同时推广公司农户的经营模式。在公司的指导下统一完成培养料制作、种植管理和采摘管理，公司负责鲜菇收购、加工销售。取得了较好的效果。食用菌工厂化生产是现代化农业科学和现代化工业的技术强势结合，它依托现代农业科技的基础，运用现代工业技术手段，生成了一种复合的生产体系，食用菌工厂化生产通过人工控制的环境设施系统，克服自然环境的限制因素，营造一个适应采用高密度、立体化栽培环境，合理增加投入，提高产出水平，实现高投入、高产出、高效益的发展路子。我市尚无现代化菌业生产龙头企业，缺乏龙头带动机制，规模生产品牌难以形成，整体产业效益不明显，该项目工厂化周年栽培，顺应产业和市场发展要求和趋势，符合规模化生产的要求，在XXXX镇建立工厂化生产基地，对XX镇农业结构调整，增加税收和解决劳动力具有积极意义。随着生态环保农业和生态循环农业等新理念的出现，越来越多的地区提倡农作物秸秆综合利用，大力发展食用菌产业，特别鼓励种植以麦草、稻草等秸秆为原料的蘑菇（如：双孢蘑菇等），将农作物秸秆转化成高营养的食用菌，而生产完食用菌的废料又可还田作为有机肥料，大大提高土地肥力，形成可持续发展的良性生态农业循环链。有较好的生态效益和经济效益。县委、县政府高度重视食用菌生产，把食用菌产业作为调整农业结构、促进农民增收的主导产业之一，已列入“XX县农业发展计划”重点发展，是今后农业工作的重中之重。早在2009年，根据食用菌发展现状和存在问题，制定2009年2012年全县食用菌发展规划。本项目即是在以上的背景下提出的。第三节项目建设必要性近年来，我国的蘑菇产业以其“劳动密集和资源密集”的行业优势，“变废为宝，点草成金，促进农业可持续发展与良性循环”的生态优势，和“美味、保健、绿色、安全”为特色的产品优势得以迅速发展。蘑菇产业的总产值持续发展，国家的“星火计划”、“扶贫计划”、“菜篮子工程”、“农业综合开发”、“良性产业化”等一系列农业工程项目，均把蘑菇列为重要发展产业。蘑菇产业已经成为很多地区农业产业结构调整中最为活跃的产业，为农民增收、农村经济发展、财政增长、提高人民生活水平，改善膳食结构和解决农村剩余劳动力等方面发挥了巨大作用，并对促进资源开发、废物利用、环境保护、劳动就业，提高生态效益、社会效益、经济效益均有深远的意义。蘑菇（白色双孢蘑菇、褐色双孢蘑菇）栽培的主要原料是麦秸、玉米秸秆、稻草、鸡粪等农牧业废料，大力发展蘑菇产业，可将农作物秸秆转化成高营养的蘑菇，栽培后的废料可用以生产沼气，作为生产有机肥的原料生产有机肥或可直接作为改良土壤的肥料，同时可作为花卉栽培的优质培养土，形成可持续发展的良性生态循环农业。促进当地农业产业化的发展达到共同致富的目的。 目前我国农民栽培蘑菇（主要是白蘑菇）大多是在温度适宜的季节进行顺季节栽培，基本方式是以农户在露天采用手工发酵培养料为主。这种方式劳动强度大、还有一定的气味。对培养料的杀菌和后发酵时采用在出菇棚内通蒸汽加热进行，容易造成污染，产量低，质量不稳定。秋、春季集中出菇，销售价格低效益不高。在菇棚周边的道路上晾晒的粪肥，严重影响新农村的形象和环境。因此，通过工厂化栽培食用菌，集中发酵料处理有效利用资源、减少环境污染，走循环可持续发展道路符合国家产业政策、势在必行。第三章 建设规模与内容第一节建设规模本项目计划建成一个年产2300吨保鲜食用菌的工厂化栽培基地以及20万平方米栽培面积培养料制作中心，占地大约80亩。项目采用荷兰最先进的高温发酵隧道技术以及标准化、智能化空调出菇技术。主要建设一次高温发酵隧道8条、二次高温发酵隧道8条及配套的设施，每条隧道每批次可产培养料150m3左右；建设36间标准化空调出菇房及配套设施，每间菇房栽培面520m2，出菇52天为一周期，平均每批料可产10.4吨鲜蘑菇，每年每间菇房出菇6次；配套建设鲜菇包装整理间和保鲜冷藏库，日保鲜加工鲜菇1020吨。项目建成达产后，可年生产二次发酵培养料20000m3，年消化麦秸5000多吨（含散户50%用料），年产保鲜蘑菇2300吨。第二节投资估算经估算，项目投资总额3200万元，其中，高压高温隧道（荷兰技术）16条278万元，智能菇房投资1376万元，冷库、土建设计、工程建设投资1071万元，设备购置及安装费475万元。计划工程投资分三期完成一期工程计划完成：投资1000万元。智能出菇房6间；所需设备采购完成。建设一次发酵隧道4条，二次发酵隧道4条。完成菌种制配车间、冷库、锅炉、化验室以及配套办公设施的建设。二期工程计划完成：投资1000万元。建设智能出菇房12间；一次发酵隧道4条；二次高温隧道4条。三期工程计划完成：投资1200万元。建设智能出菇房18间；辅助设施一套。一期主要技术经济指标序号指标名称单位数量备注1占地面积亩802智能出菇房间62.1出菇面积平方米31202.2制冷空调机组台6含新风机组2.3菇床支架套24钢架热镀锌2.4出菇环境远程监控套6湿度CO2O2自动检测调控3一次发酵条44二次发酵条45菌种制配车间平方米7006菌包制作车间平