大学英语阅读理解解题技巧ppt课件

阅读理解应试技巧 一 阅读方法 首先 在解题前 应先快速浏览文章后的问题 找出题干中的关键词 明确需要解决的问题 这样阅读的目的就很明确 然后带着这些问题的关键词句开始阅读 并结合以下三种阅读方法解不同的题型 略读 Skimming 这种阅读方式用于快速浏览 其主要目的就是把握全文的大意 要按意群扫视 连贯阅读 要特别注意文章的开始段 结束段 每段的首句和结尾句以及段落之间的连接词语和文章中的信息词 它们往往是了解文章大意的关键 查读 Scanning 这种阅读方式适于寻找具体细节 例如 事实 数字 人物 原因 年代 方式等 这种方法主要用于做细节题 细读 Readingforfullunderstanding 这种阅读方式适于某些需要判断或思考的问题 对于这种问题先要找到它在文章中的相关段落 然后逐句阅读 特别是对与问题有关的关键词 关键句要仔细推敲 二 阅读考题类型及相应的应答技巧 一 细节题 主要是考查学生对文章某些事实的细节和数据的掌握 这类问题的答案一般都能在原文中找到 对于事实细节题 关键是要定位准确 应首先找到它的考查点 这种题只要找到细节题所在的地方 再联系上下文 然后根据它的命题规律答题即可 这类题的题干 答案在意义上通常等于原文中某一部分的内容 也就是说用不同的表达方式使题干 答案与原文等值 即同义结构 如 educationalinstitution school makestrenuousefforts strive 文中的时间 地点 人物 数量或事实多为提问的对象 即when where who why how howmany much 而这些问题的表达常不采用文章中的原话提问 而是使用同义词语等 因此 在选择答案前应首先看准题干 看清问题所问究竟是什么细节内容 然后 在查读时注意寻找与题目相关的关键词语 最后 在充分理解原文 原题的基础上确定答案 TheFrenchRevolutionbrokeoutin1789 AtthetimeFrancewasinacrisis Thegovernmentwasbadlyrunandpeople slivesweremiserable KingLouisXIVtriedtocontrolthenationalparliamentandraisemoretaxes Buthiseffortfailed HeorderedhistroopstoVersailles ThepeoplethoughtthatLouisintendedtoputdowntheRevolutionbyforce OnJuly14 1789 theystormedandtooktheBastille wherepoliticalprisonerswerekept 12 Whichdidnothappenin1789 A TheFrenchRevolutionbrokeout B Thenationaleconomywasdevelopingrapidly C Thegovernmentwasn twellrun D KingLouisXIVwasinpower 13 Wherewerethepoliticalprisonerskept A InVersailles B InAustria C InPrussia D InBastille B D Acouple JohnandMary hadtwolovelychildren Johnhadjustbeenaskedtogoonabusinesstripandwouldbegoneforseveraldays Marywouldgoalongtoo Theyhiredareliablewomantocareforthechildrenandmadethetrip returninghomealittleearlierthantheyhadplanned Astheydroveintotheirhometown theynoticedsmoke andtheywentofftheirusualroutetoseewhatitwas Theyfoundahomeinflames Marysaid Well itisn tourfire let sgohome 1 JohnandMaryhiredawomantolookaftertheirchildrenwhen A thechildrenweregettingoutofcontrol B JohnwouldbeonabusinesstripandMarywouldgoalong too C therewasacaraccident D theyweretootiredtodoitthemselves 2 Ontheirwayhomethecouple A foundamurder B foundarobbery C firstnoticedsmokeandthentheyfoundahouseinfire D foundthattheywererunningoutofgas B C Ioftenfindmyselftryingtoexplaintheattractiontravelingholdsforme Traveling accordingtomanypeople isoftenuncomfortableandeven atleastsometimes dangerous Butonebenefitoftravelingisthatitcreatesaperfectatmospherefortheobservationoflife anenvironmentthatcanleadtobetterunderstandingandenlightenment Manywonderfulpeopleandplaceslieontheroadahead Thefactthatthereareobstaclesaswellonlymakesthejourneymorerewarding Mylifeandmymemorieswillbeimprovedafterencounteringthesepeopleandplaces That saprettybigbenefit 1 Accordingtotheauthor canonlymakethejourneymoreworthwhile A obstaclesB memoriesC additionalfascinationD benefit A OfcourseIcouldalsoenrichmylifewithouttravelingveryfaratall butthereissomethingaboutforeignlandsthatprovidesanadditionalfascination Ithinkmostnon travelersaresimplytoodistractedbythingssuchaswork home andfriendstodevotetheirfullattentiontoobservationoflife I mmoreobservantwhenI montheroadandtherefore morealive Italktomorepeopleandlistentothemcarefully Ikeenlynoticeeverythingaboutmystrangenewenvironment Iseealotofhumorthatcancompensatefor 弥补 themisery 痛苦 ofmovingabout Accordingtotheauthor theproblemwithmostnon travelersisthat A theyliveabusylifewithouthavingfun B theirattentioncenterssomuchonwork homeandfriendsthattheydon tobservelifewholeheartedly C theyconsidermoney makingthemostimportantthing D theycan tenrichtheirlifebecausetheydon ttravelveryfar B 二 正误判断题由于所提信息在文中比较清晰 可以一一找到 所以 解决这类问题可采用带选题跳读的阅读技巧 首先找出问题或选项中出现的关键词语或主要检测点 然后略读文章 扫描这些词所在的句子 再详细读这些句子 必要时 连同它们前后的句子也要仔细阅读 以便综合考虑和确定答案 这样做可以有根据地排除多余的信息及干扰 快速抓住供解题用的信息点 提高解题速度和准确性 A Accordingtothepassage whichofthefollowingis NOT true B Accordingtothepassage whichofthefollowingstatementsiswrong IntheUnitedStates itisnotcustomarytotelephonesomeoneveryearlyinthemorning Ifyoutelephonehimearlyintheday whileheisshavingorhavingbreakfast thetimeofthecallshowsthatthematterisveryimportantandrequiresimmediateattention Thesamemeaningisattachedtotelephonecallsmadeafter11 00p m Ifsomeonereceivesacallduringsleepinghours heassumesit samatteroflifeordeath Thetimechosenforthecallcommunicatesitsimportance Insociallife timeplaysaveryimportantpart IntheU S A gueststendtofeeltheyarenothighlyregardediftheinvitationtoadinnerpartyisextendedonlythreeorfourdaysbeforethepartydate Butitisnottrueinallcountries Inotherareasoftheworld itmaybeconsideredfoolishtomakeanappointmenttoofarinadvancebecauseplanswhicharemadeforadatemorethanaweekawaytendtobeforgotten Themeaningoftimediffersindifferentpartsoftheworld Thus misunderstandingsarisebetweenpeoplefromdifferentculturesthattreattimedifferently PromptnessisvaluedhighlyinAmericanlife forexample Ifpeoplearenotprompt theymayberegardedasimpoliteornotfullyresponsible IntheU S noonewouldthinkofkeepingabusinessassociatewaitingforanhour itwouldbetooimpolite Apersonwhois5minuteslate willsayafewwordsofexplanation thoughperhapshewillnotcompletethesentence Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage A IntheU S Agueststendtofeeltheyarehighlyregardediftheinvitationtoadinnerpartyisextendedonlythreeorfourdaysbeforethepartydate B Thereisnomisunderstandingarisingbetweenpeoplefromdifferentculturesabouttheconceptoftime C ItmaybeconsideredfoolishtomakeanappointmentwellinadvanceintheU S A D PromptnessisvaluedhighlyinAmericanlife D Greatwritersarethosewhonotonlyhavegreatthoughtsbutalsoexpressthesethoughtsinwordswhichappealpowerfullytoourmindsandemotions Thischarmingandtellinguseofwordsiswhatwecallliterarystyle Aboveall therealpoetisamasterofwords Hecanconveyhismeaninginwordswhichsinglikemusicandwhichbytheirpositionandassociationcanmovementotears Weshouldthereforelearntochooseourwordscarefullyandusethemaccurately ortheywillmakeourspeechsillyandvulgar WhichofthefollowingstatementsabouttherealpoetisNOTtrue A Heisnomorethanamasterofwords B Hecanconveyhisideasinwordswhichsinglikemusic C Hecanmovementotears D Hisstyleisalwayscharming A CongressapprovedtheRehabilitationAct 助残法案 in1973 Thislawrequiresschoolstoprovidedisabledstudentswithopportunitiesequaltothoseforotherstudents Amorerecentlawrequirespublicschoolstoestablishaprogramforeachchildfoundtohaveadisability Schoolsmustwrite andfollow astatementcalledanI E P anindividualizededucationprogram Ifnot parentsmaytakelegalaction Statesmustprovidespecialeducationservicesforfree Teacherswiththeseskillsareingreatdemand Therearemanywaystomeettheneedsofastudentwhohasdisabilities Onewayistogivethestudentextratimetocompletework Teachersmightalsopermitthestudenttotaketestsdifferentlyfromothersinclass WhatisNOTmentionedinthearticle A Statesmustprovidespecialeducationserviceswithoutaskingstudentsformoney B Teacherswithskillstohelpdisabledstudentsareneededbadly C Teachersmightpreventthestudentfromtakingtestsdifferentlyfromothersinclass D Onewaytomeetdisabledstudents needistogivethestudentsextratimetocompletework C Therearemanywaystomeettheneedsofastudentwhohasdisabilities Technologyisonewaytohelp Therearecomputerprograms forexample designedfortheneedsofpeoplewithlearningdisabilities TherearesomeschoolsintheUnitedStatesthatteachonlystudentswithlearningdisabilities OneisLandmarkCollegeinthenortheasternstateofVermont Studentsattendforuptothreeyears Itpreparesthemtocontinuetheireducationatothercolleges ClassesatLandmarkCollegearesmall Studentshavetheirownlearningplan andaspecialteachertohelpthemstudy WhichofthefollowingisTRUE A TherearefewwaystomeettheneedsofastudentwhohaslearningdisabilitiesB TherearesomeschoolsintheUnitedStatesthatteachonlystudentswithlearningdisabilities C Computerprogramsdesignedfortheneedsofpeoplewithlearningdisabilitiesarenotavailablesofar D ClassesatLandmarkCollegeareverybig B 三 词义题阅读理解的词义题并非是单纯地考查词汇量 而是考查学生在一定的上下文中辨认和推测词义的能力 常见命题方式 A Theword Line Para mostprobablyrefersto B Inthispassage probablymeans C Theword couldbestbereplacedbywhichofthefollowing 解题方法 1 直接定义 作者用了生词 然后马上就用一些简单的单词来解释它 这种重述就是直接定义 常见标志有连词or 而且多用逗号与生词隔开 referto mean 等 2 同义暗示法 作者用了一个生词的时候 一般会在下文用一个同义词来暗示这个单词的意思 3 反义对比法 作者通过介绍一个生词的反义词来告诉我们这个生词的意思 因此 表示转折的联接词but unlike while however onthecontrary就成了这类题目的标志词 4 事例证明法 诸如forexample suchas之类的词组 Paper likemanyotherthingsthatweusetoday wasfirstmadeinChina InEgyptandtheWest paperwasnotverycommonlyusedbeforetheyear1400 TheEgyptianswroteonakindofmaterialmadeofawaterplant Europeansusedparchmentformanyhundredsofyear Parchmentwasverystrong itwasmadefromtheskinofcertainyounganimals WehavelearntofthemostimportantfactsofEuropeanhistoryfromrecordsthatwerekeptonparchment What sthemeaningfortheword parchment A Theskinofyounganimals B Akindofpapermadefromtheskinofcertainyounganimals C ThepaperusedbyEuropeancountries D ThepaperofEgypt B ThemainthingtosayabouttheweatherinBritainisthatit sunpredictable Forsomepeoplethisisinteresting forothersitisirritating 烦人的 Butcertainlyyoucannevertellwithcertaintyfromonedaytothenextwhattheweatherisgoingtobelike Everymorningwhenyouwakeupisaglorioussurprise especiallyifyouhaveplannedtogototheseasideandyoufinditispouringrainorsnowing Thereareweatherforecasts 预报 ontheradioandTVandinthenewspaper butonthewholenobodybelievesthem Theword unpredictable means A cannotbetoldinadvanceB cannotbeunderstoodC cannotbepreparedforaheadD cannotbeconcluded A Weweresorrythatwehadtoasktheyoungmantoleavethejob Itwasnotthathewasunpopularwiththeotherpeopleintheoffice Everyonelikedhim Norwasitthathewasincapable Hehadplentyofabilities Theproblemwasthatsomuchofhisworkwasunsatisfactory itwasn tgoodenough Sometimeshewouldleaveajobunfinished andnevercomebacktocompleteit Othertimeshiswritingwouldbesoillegiblethatyoucouldn treadit Orhemightdisappearfromtheofficeforanhourorsowithnoexplanationofwherehehadbeen Onceortwicehesatunoccupiedforawhile doingnothingatall untilsomeonenoticedhimandgavehimsomework Inthepassage illegible refersto A difficultorimpossibletoreadB easyandreadytoreadC easyandsmoothtowriteD difficultorimpossibletowrite A Fortherestofthe1920s Hitchcockworkedononefilmafteranother inBritainandonlocationinGermany Filmingwasoftenarough and ready 匆忙做成的 affairandtheassistantdirectorwasrequiredtostepinandpluggaps Acameramanwentmissing Hitchcockbecameacameraman Asceneneededrewriting Hitchcockrewroteit Someoneneededtobeinchargeofmoneywhenthefilmcrewwasonlocation Hitchcocklookedafterthemoney Accordingtothecontext 上下文 stepinandpluggaps means A takeone splacetodosomethingB askforone shelpC makeupone smindtodosomethingD congratulatesomeoneonsomething A Isthereprivacybetweenhusbandandwife OneofSonia sfriendsmarriedatalentedChineseman butrecentlyshebecamesoangrythatshewantedadivorce Thereasonwasthatherhusbandhadopenedoneofherlettersandlookedthroughherpurse Thehusbanddidn trealizethatAmericanswouldn ttolerateit Hethoughtbeingacouplewaslikebeingoneperson whycouldn theseetheletterorthecontentsofthepurse Truly everyone eventhoselivingasacouple needsroom notonlyinthree dimensional 立体的 space butintheheart Theword tolerate means A getridofB forgetC bearD beat C Thosetiny littlehairsaboveoureyesthatmanywomenpaysomuchattentiontoplayaveryimportantroleinkeepingmoistureoutofoureyes Justlikeanumbrellakeepsourbodiesdryfromtherain ourhairyeyebrowskeepoureyesdryfromrainorsweat Whenit spouringrainoutsideorwhensweatdripsdownfromourforeheads oureyebrowsdiverttheflowofwaterorsweatawayfromoureyes Accordingtothecontext 上下文 moisture refersto A iceB boiledwaterC rainorsweatD softdrink C StillJohndroveupandstoppedandtheywerebothhorror strickentoseethewholehouseinflames Awomanonthelawnwasscreaming Thechildren Getthechildren Johngrabbedherbytheshouldersaying Telluswherethechildrenare Inthebasement sobbedthewoman downthehallandtotheleft Whatdoes horror stricken mean A greatlyfrightenedB deeplymovedC highlypraisedD completelysurprised A 四 主旨题 主要的目的是了解文章所论述的主题思想以及作者的写作意图 常见命题方式 A Whatisthegeneraltopicofthepassage B Thebesttitleforthispassageis C Themainideaofthispassageis D Whatisthepassageabout E Whatdoesthispassagemainlydiscuss 这类问题选择答案时切忌过于具体 不能选择概括全篇文章中某一段落的主题的 或是某个细节的选项 另外也不要选择过于笼统的答案 致使选项中包含的内容超越了文章的主题 最基本的方法是找各个段落的主题句 主题句通常在一段的开头或者结尾部分 因此解答主旨题时 应该多关注一个段落的两头 当然 有时候主题句藏在一段的中间 甚至压根儿就没有主题句 Americansinbusinessarelikepeoplewhoareinbusinessanywhere theyhavealanguageoftheirown Onesuchthingis getyouracttogether Whenthingsgowronginabusiness anemployermaygetangry hemayshout getyouracttogether Gettingyouracttogether isgettingorganized Inbusinessitusuallymeansdevelopingacalmandorderlyplanofaction Itisdifficulttotellexactlywherethesayingbegan Butitisprobablethatitwasinthetheaterormovieindustry Perhapsoneoftheactorswasnervousandmadealotofmistakes Thedirectormayhavesaid Calmdownnow getyouracttogether WordexpertJamesRogersaystheexpressionwascommonbythelate1970s AnotherexpressionusedbyAmericanbusinesspeopleis cuttothechase Thepassageismainlyabout A AmericanbusinessworldB movielanguageC AmericanbusinesslanguageD Americanbusinessmen C OnFebruary14thmanypeopleintheworldcelebrateanunusualholiday St Valentine sDay aspecialdayforlovers TheoriginofthisholidayisuncertainbutaccordingtoonestoryitgetsitsnamefromaChristiannamedValentinewholivedinRomeduringthe3rdcenturyA D HisjobwastoperformmarriagesforChristiancouples UnfortunatelytheEmperorofRomedidn tallowChristianmarriages Sotheyhadtobeperformedinsecret FinallyValentinewasarrestedandputintoprison Whilehewasinprisonhefellinlovewiththedaughteroftheprisonguard AfteroneyeartheEmperorofferedtoreleaseValentineifhewouldstopperformingChristianmarriages ValentinerefusedandsohewaskilledinFebruary 270A D BeforeherwaskilledValentinesentalovelettertothedaughteroftheprisonguard Hesignedtheletter fromyourValentine ThatwasthefirstValentine TodayValentinesarecardsusuallyredandshapedlikeheartswithmessagesoflovewritteninthem OnValentine sDaytensofmillionsofpeoplesendandreceiveValentines Whetheritisanexpensiveheart shapedboxofchocolatesfromasecretadmirerorasimplehand madecardfromachild aValentineisaveryspecialmessageoflove Thepassageismainlyabout A aspecialholidayB onepossibleoriginofSt Valentine sDayC thelovestoryofaChristiancalledValentineD whatisValentinetoday B IfyouarelikemostlearnersofEnglish youprobablydonotspendmuchtimereadingEnglish Youarelikelytobeawareofanurgentneedtoimproveyourspeakingandlisteningskills increaseyourvocabularyandimproveyourgrammar Becauseoftheseseeminglymoreurgent 紧急的 needs readingskillsimprovementisoftenputatthebottomofthelistofthingstodotoimproveyourEnglishability YoumayalsotellyourselfthatyoudonotneedtospendextratimeonreadingimprovementbecauseyoudoreadinginEnglishaspartofyourschoolworkorjob Puttingoffreadingimprovementwiththistypeofreasoningisoneofthebiggestmistakesyoucanmakeinyourlanguage learningplanning Thepurposeofreadingpracticeisfarmorethanjustimprovingreadingcomprehension ThroughreadingyourcanimproveyourEnglishabilityinsomanyways Bycomingintocontactwithnewwordsandbeingabletounderstandtheirmeaning youareabletoincreaseyourwordpower Thesameistrueforidioms Throughrepeatedcontactwithnewandnot so familiarsentenceconstruction youimproveyourunderstandingofgrammar Withthisincreaseinknowledgeanduseofvocabulary idioms andgrammar yourwritingabilitywillimprove yourspeakingabilitywillimprove andevenyourlisteningcomprehensionwillimprove too Thebesttitleforthepassageis A ThePurposeofReading B TheImportanceofReading C TheImportanceofLanguageAbility D TheImprovementofReadingAbility B 推理判断题 考试重头戏 20个题中常有6 8个 着重考查学生归纳概括 逻辑推理等综合能力 以原文内容为前提 据作者的观点理论 非考生观点 客观地对文中未明显说明的现象或事例给予合理的逻辑推断 做出一定解释 推理判断型 透过现象看本质 领悟作者思想倾向 观点 立场 语气及态度等 推理判断题 做题要领 既要求学生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思 又要求学生对作者的态度 意图及文章细节的发展作正确的推理判断 力求从作者的角度去考虑 不要固守自己的看法或观点 推理判断型常见的命题方式有 Thepassageimplies 暗示 that Wecanconclude 得出结论 fromthepassagethat Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferred 推论 Whatisthetone 语气 oftheauthor Whatisthepurpose 目的 ofthispassage Thepassageisintendedto Wherewouldthispassagemostprobablyappear BritainandFranceareseparatedbytheEnglishChannel abodyofwaterthatcanbecrossedinasfewas20minutes Buttheculturesofthetwocountriessometimesseemtobemilesapart LastThursdayBritainandFrancecelebratedthe100thanniversary 周年纪念 ofthesigningofafriendshipagreement Theagreementmarkedanewbeginningforthecountriesfollowingcenturiesofwarsandlove hatepartnership Buttheirrelationshiphasbeenupsanddownsoverthepastcentury Thehistoryofdivisionsmaywellbebecauseoftheverydifferentwaysinwhichthetwosidesseetheworld Whatevertheansweris asbothsidescelebrate100yearsof doubtfulfriendship theyareatleastabletomakejokesabouteachother Here sone What sthebestthingaboutBritain srelationshipwithFrance TheEnglishChannel Whatdoesthelastsentencemean A AslongastheEnglishChannelexists nofurtherdisagreementwillformbetweenFranceandBritain B TheEnglishChannelcanpreventanythingunfriendlyhappeninginbothFranceandBritain C FranceandBritainarenearneighbors andthiswillhelpbalancetherelationshipbetweenthem D TheEnglishChannelisthelargestenemybetweenFranceandBritain C AstoryistoldaboutasoldierwhowasfinallycominghomeafterhavingfoughtinVietnam HecalledhisparentsfromSanFrancisco MomandDad I mcominghome butI veafavortoask Ihaveafriend I dliketobringhimhomewithme Sure theyreplied we dlovetomeethim There ssomethingyoushouldknow thesoncontinued hewasinjuredprettybadlyinthefighting Hesteppedonalandmine 地雷 andlostanarmandaleg Hehasnowhereelsetogo andIwanthimtolivewithus We resorrytohearthat son But maybewecanhelphimfindsomewheretolive No MomandDad Iwanthimtolivewithus Son saidthefather youdon tknowwhatyou reasking Someonewithsuchahandicapwouldbeaterribleburdentous Wehaveourownlivestolive andwecan tletsomethinglikethisinterferewithourlives Ithinkyoushouldjustcomehomeandforgetaboutthisguy He llfindawaytoliveonhisown Atthatpoint thesonhungupthephone Theparentsheardnothingmorefromhim Afewdayslater however theyreceivedacallfromtheSanFranciscopolice Theirsonhaddiedafterfallingfromabuilding Thepolicebelievedhehadkilledhimself Thegrief stricken 悲痛欲绝的 parentsflewtoSanFranciscoandweretakentothecitymorgue 太平间 toidentifythebodyoftheirson Theyrecognizedhim buttotheirhorrortheyalsodiscoveredsomethingtheydidn tknow theirsonhadonlyonearmandoneleg Thesonkilledhimselfbecause A hewasunabl