新高中语法时间状语从句.docx

时间状语从句-高中(clause of time)【考点直击】1.引导时间状语从句的从属连词分类；2.易混淆连词的辨析3.倒装【典例探究】1. 【09福建】She had just finished her homeworkher mother asked her to practice playing the piano yesterday.A. when B. whileC. afterD. since2.【2012山东卷】Hesmiledpolitely_Maryapologizedforherdrunkenfriends.A.asB.if C.unlessD.though3.【2011四川卷6】As it reported, it is 100 years _Qinghua University was founded. A. whenB. beforeC. afterD. since4. 【100陕西】John thinks it wont be longhe is ready for his new job.A. whenB. afterC. beforeD. since5.【2012全国II】Ihadhardlygottotheoffice_mywifephonedmetogobackhomeatonce.A.whenB.thanC.untilD.after1. 【答案】A【解析】根据主从句的动词时态可知主句谓语动词的动作在从句谓语动词之前已经完成,引导词的意思是：当的时候,选A。2.【答案】A【解析】此处是as引导这个时间状语从句，这里smile和apologize同时进行，as意为：当的时候。句意：当玛丽为她喝醉了朋友道歉时，他礼貌地微笑着。3.【答案】D【解析】“It is +时间段+since +从句（谓语为一般过去时）”为固定句型，故答案选D。句意为：“正如所报道的那样，自从清华大学建校以来已有100年时间了。”4. 【答案】C【解析】所填词引导状语从句,构成It（will）be+时间段+状语从句,意思是：过多久才将.,选C。5.【答案】A【解析】此题较易。只要辨认出固定句型hardlywhen问题即刻解决。句意：我刚到办公室，我妻子就给我打电话让我立刻回家。【考点定位】考查固定句型hardlywhen的用法。【知识要点】一、从属连词分类：1.基本类 包括when, while, as, before, after, since, till, until, once, as soon as 等。Did anyone call when I was out? 我不在家时谁来过电话吗?We have known each other since we were children. 我们从小认识。Youll feel better after you take the pills. 吃完药丸后你会感到好一些。Make sure that all the lights are off before you go to bed. 睡觉前一定要关灯。2.名词类 包括（表示一就）the moment, the minute, the second, the instant , every time，each time，(the) next time，any time，the last time，the first time 等。Tell me the moment (that) you get the results. 你一拿到结果就给我打电话。Next time you come in, please close the door. 下次你进来，请关门。He felt nervous each time she spoke to him. 每次她和他讲话，他都感到紧张。The last time we talked he said he needed another two days. 上次我们谈话时他说他还需要两天。3.副词类 如 immediately, directly, instantly等。如：I came immediately you called. 你一打电话我就来了。Directly I walked in the door I smelt smoke. 我一进门就闻到烟味。4.句型类 包括no soonerthan, hardly/ scarcelywhen等。如：I had no sooner closed the door than somebody knocked. 我刚把门关上就有人敲门。Hardly were the words utteredwhen he began to regret them. 话刚说出口他就开始后悔了。二、易混淆从属连词辨析（一） When, while, as(1) when 既可引导一个持续动作，也可引导一个短暂动作，可用于主句动作和从句动作同时发生，也可用于从句动作先于主句动作发生。When the film ended，the people went back.电影一结束，看电影的人便回去了。Mostoftheguestshadleftwhenhearrivedattheparty.Sorry，I was out when you called me（call为短暂性动词）对不起，你打电话时我刚好外出了。When he had finished his homework，he took a short rest（finished先发生）当他完成作业后，他休息了一会儿。When I got to the airport，the guests had left（got to后发生）当我赶到飞机场时，客人们已经离开了。注意：表示“每当的时候”(暗示一种规律性)，一般要用 when：Its cold when it snows. 下雪时天冷。He smiles when you praise him. 你夸奖他时他总是笑笑。when 可用作并列连词，表示“这时(突然)”；We were about to start when it began to rain. 我们正要出发，这时天开始下雨了。在将来时从句中，常用when，且从句须用一般时代替将来时。主将从现原则 You shall borrow the book when I have finished reading it.在我读完这本书后，你可以借阅。 When the manager comes here for a visit next week，Ill talk with him about this.下周，经理来这参观时，我会和他谈谈此事。高考链接：1. （2011浙江高考）OneFriday,wewerepackingtoleaveforaweekend away_mydaughterheardcriesforhelp.A.afterB.whileC.sinceD.when2.(2010全国卷II高考)Tomwasabouttoclosethewindows_hisattentionwascaughtbyabird.A.whenB.ifC.andD.till3.(2010四川卷20)Becauseoftheheavytraffic,itwasalreadytime forlunchbreak _shegottoheroffice.A.sinceB.thatC.whenD.until(2)从属连词while引导的的动作必须是持续性的,不能和瞬间性动词连用。侧重主句动作和从句动作相对比。Please dont talk so loud while others are working .别人在工作时，请别高声谈话。WhilehewaswatchingTV,theboyfellasleep.While Mary was writing a letter, the children were playing outside.Heisaworker,whilehissisterisadoctor.Dont talk while youre eating. 吃饭时不要说话。I kept silent while he was writing. 在他写的时候，我默不做声。注意：while 也可以用作并列连词，表示“而”、“却”(表示对比)。He likes coffee, while she likes tea. 他喜欢咖啡，而她却喜欢茶。高考链接：1.（2011陕西高考）_allofthemarestrongcandidates,onlyone willbechosenforthepost.A.SinceB.While C.IfD.As2.（2011北京高考）_volleyballishermainfocus,shesalsogreatatbasketball.A.SinceB.OnceC.UnlessD.While3.（2010全国卷I高考）Marymadecoffee_herguestswere finishingtheirmeal.A.sothatB.althoughC.whileD.asif4.（2009.安徽高考）Iwonderhowmuchyouchargeforyourservices.-Thefirsttwoarefree_thethirdcosts$30.A.whileB.untilC.whenD.before5.（2009.辽宁高考）Itjustisntfair_Iwasworkingas awaiterlastmonth; myfriendswerelyingonthebeach.AwheneverB.thoughC.forD.while(3) as引导一个时间状语从句，其动作为持续性动作，多用于主句和从句动作交替进行或同时发生，可翻译为“一边，一边”或者“随着时间的推移”。As time goes on ,its getting warmer and warmer.随着时间的推移，天气越来越暖和了。As the time went on，the weather got worse.(as表示“随着”之意) The atmosphere gets thinner and thinner as the height increases.随着高度的增加，大气越来越稀薄。 As years go by，China is getting stronger and richer.随着时间一年一年过去，中国变得越来越富强了。 Hehurriedhome,lookingbehindashewent.She wept as she spoke.她边说边哭He looked behind from to time as he went.他一边走，一边不时地往后看高考链接：Jennywasverysadoverthelossofthephotosshehadshotat Canada, _thiswasamemorysheespeciallytreasured.（06广东）A.asB.ifC.whenD.where(4)如果主句表示的是短暂动作，而从句用延续性动词的进行时态表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作，此时when，while 与as可互换使用。He fell asleep when while, as he was reading.(read为延续性动词)他看书时睡着了。When /While /As we were dancing，a stranger came in.(dance为延续性动词)当我们跳舞时，一位陌生人走了进来。 When /While /As she was making a phone call，I was writing a letter.(make为延续性动词)当她在打电话时，我正在写信。When/While/AsIwaswalkingdownthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriendofmine.（二）Before 和after 表示“在之前(或之后)”这两个连词大家貌似很熟，但其实是历年高考中大家最容易犯错的两个连词。例如可以试问自己下：before后面接先发生动作后发生动作？after后面接先发生后发生？摸清动作发生的先后顺序。牢记前（before）接后，后（after）接前 这样的口诀。（三）Before 和Since(1) before有时可译为“还没就“。He had measured me before I could say a word. 我还没来得及说话.他就给我最好了尺寸。I hadnt waited long before he came. 我还没等多久他就来了。I slipped out before the lecture started. 还没等讲座开始我就溜了出去。before也可用于it结构，与 since 结构比较相似，注意它们所用时态的区别。其结构是:It will be + 段时间 + before sb. does sth.表将来 或 It was + 段时间 + before sb. did sth.表过去 常译作“还要多久才”。He is leaving for Australia and it will be three years before he comes back. 他要去澳大利亚了，3年后才会回来。During the war he joined the army and it was three years before he came back. 战争期间他参了军,3年后才回来。(2)Since 自.以来1)若since引导的状语从句的谓语动词是终止性动词(如go，come，leave，start，begin等)的过去时，则从句表示的时间是“从该动作开始的那一时刻起”。这是最常见的一种用法。Hehasstudiedveryhardsincehecametoourschool.自从来到我们学校，他学习就非常努力。Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinourschoolsinceyouleft.自从你离开这里，我们学校发生了很大的变化。2) 若since引导的状语从句的谓语动词是持续性动词或表示状态的静态动词(如live，stay，study，learn，smoke，be等)的过去时，则从句表示的时间是“从该动作或状态的完成或结束时算起”。Ihaventheardfromhimsincehelivedhere.从他不住这儿起，我一直没有收到他的信。IhaventeatensnakessinceIwasastudentatschool.was表示状态IhaventeatensnakessinceIleftschool.自从我毕业后就一直没吃过蛇。试比较：HehaswrittentomefrequentlysinceIwasill.自从我病愈以来，他经常给我写信。(从句谓语为状态动词)HehaswrittentomefrequentlysinceIfellill.自从我生病以来，他经常给我写信。(从句谓语为终止性动词)3)若since引导的状语从句的谓语为持续性动词或静态动词的现在完成时，则表示动作和状态延续到现在(说话时刻)，其表示的时间的起点应从动作发生之时算起。 HehaswrittentomefrequentlysinceIhavebeenill.这里havebeenill表示状态的持续性，时间的起点应从：“开始生病”时算起。“自从我生病以来，他经常给我写信。”试比较：Ivewrittenher20letterssinceIhavebeenhere.自从我来到这，我已经给她写了20封信。(从开始算起)Ivewrittenher20letterssinceIwashere.自从我离开这儿，我已经给她写了20封信。(从结束算起)4) Itis+段时间+since sb. did sth. Ithasbeen+段时间+since have done sth. 表示“从起已有多长时间了”。两句型意思相同，前者是规范说法，后者是口语说法。用法：since从句中常用一般过去时，若从句中是持续性动词的一般过去时，则表示该动作结束有多长时间了。Itisthreeyearssincehesmoked.他不吸烟已有3年了。试比较： Itisthreeyearssincehebegantosmoke.Itisthreeyearssincehehassmoked.两句均意为：他吸烟已有3年了。注意：在这种结构中，since引导的从句绝对不能用否定式的谓语动词来表示否定意义，试比较：他好久没学汉语了。误：ItisalongtimesincebedidntstudyChinese.正：ItsalongtimesincehestudiedChinese. (studied为持续性动词，应从其动作结束时算起)（四）Till，until和notuntil无论肯定句还是否定句，until的意思都是“过则反主”，即“过了从句所发生的动作后，则发生与主句相反的动作”。The baby wont stop crying until his mother tells him a story. 过了他妈给他讲故事这个动作时间，小孩儿就停止哭泣了，但主句说不会停哭，所以选择until。1）肯定形式表示的意思是做某事直至某时，动词必须是延续性的。正确使用这两个连词的关键之一就在于判断句中的动词该用肯定式还是否定式。肯定句：I slept until midnight. 我一直睡到半夜时醒了。2）否定形式表达的意思是直至某时才做某事。动词为延续性或非延续性都可以。否定句：She didnt arrive until 6 oclock. 她直到6点才到。Dont get off the bus until it has stopped. 公共汽车停稳后再下车。I didnt manage to do it until you had explained how. 直到你教我后，我才会做。3）区别：until可用于句首，而till通常不用于句首。Until you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened.直到你告诉我以前，出了什么事我一点也不知道。4）否定句可用另外两种句式表示。Not until在句首，主句用倒装.Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted. 直到工作，才认识到我已蹉跎了几多岁月。(五)表示一就的结构 as soon as, the moment, the minute, the instant, once, immediately, directly, instantly（从句中用一般时态代替将来时态）As soon as I got home, it began to rain.Tellhimthenewsassoonasyouseehim.The moment I heard the voice, I knew my father is coming.The boy burst into tears immediately he saw his mother.hardly/scarcelywhen, no soonerthan（hardly/scarcely与no sooner引导的句子的谓语动词用过去完成时，而when与then引导的句子的谓语动词用一般过去时）如果hardly, scarcely 或no sooner置于句首，句子必须用倒装结构。I had hardly / scarcely got home when it began to rain.I had no sooner got home than it began to rain.sbhad hardly/scarcely done sthwhenHardly Scarcely had sbdone sthwhenI had hardly scarcely closed my eyes when someone knocked at the doorHardly Scarcely had I closed my eyes when someone knocked at the door我刚一闭上眼，就有人在敲门了。I had hardly scarcely entered my room when the telephone rangHardly Scarcely had I entered my room when the telephone rang我刚一走进房门，电话就响了。【真题在线】1.Wewereswimminginthelake_suddenlythestormstarted.(2004北京春26)A.whenB.whileC.untilD.before2.Itwasevening_wereachedthelittletownofWinchester.(2004天津32)A.thatB.untilC.sinceD.before3.Youcaneatfoodfreeinmyrestaurant_youlike.(2004重庆21)A.wheneverB.whereverC.whateverD.however4.Scientistssayitmaybefiveorsixyears_itispossibletotestthismedicineonhumanpatients.(2004福建31)A.sinceB.afterC.beforeD.when5.Wetoldthatweshouldfollowthemainroad_wereachedthecentralrailwaystation.(2004辽宁27)A.wheneverB.untilC.whileD.wherever6.Itisalmostfiveyears_wesaweachotherlasttime.(2005北京23)A.beforeB.sinceC.afterD.when7.Simonthoughthiscomputerwasbroken_hislittlebrotherpointedoutthathehadforgottentoturniton.(2005北京春35)A.untilB.unlessC.afterD.because8.TheAmericanCivilWarlastedfouryears_theNorthwonintheend.(2005广东30)A.afterB.beforeC.whenD.then9.-DidJackcomebackearlylastnight？-Yes. Itwasnotyeteightoclock_hearrivedhome.(2005福建24)A.beforeB.whenC.thatD.until10.“Youcanthavethisfootballback_youpromisenottokick itatmycatagain.”theoldmansaidfirmly.(2006广东31)A.becauseB.sinceC.whenD.until11.Ihadjuststeppedoutofthebathroomandwasbusilydryingmyselfwithatowel_Iheardthesteps.(2006湖南31)A.whileB.whenC.sinceD.after12.-Howlongdoyouthinkitwillbe_Chinasendsamannedspaceshiptothemoon？-Perhapstwoorthreeyears.(2006福建25)A.whenB.untilC.thatD.before13.-Whydidntyoutellhimaboutthemeeting？-Herushedoutoftheroom_Icouldsayaword.(2006四川35)A.beforeB.untilC.whenD.after时间状语从句1-13：ADACBBABBDBDA【巩固练习】1. It was quiet _ those big trucks started coming through the town.A. before B. after C. until D. unless2. It seemed only seconds _ the boy finished washing his face.A. when B. before C. after D. even if3. Hardly had he reached the school gate _ the bell rang.A. while B. when C. as D. as soon as4.We were told that we should follow the main road _ we reached the central railway station.A. whenever B. until C. while D. wherever5. I recognized you _ I saw you at the airport.A. the moment B. while C. after D. once6. He was about to go to bed _ the doorbell rang.A. while B. as C. before D. when7._I listen to your advice, I get into trouble.A. Every time B. When C. While D. Until8. _ John was watching TV, his wife was cooking.A. As B. As soon as C. While D. Till9. The children ran away from the orchard(果园) _ they saw the guard.A. the moment B. after C. before D. as10. No sooner had I arrived home _ it began to rain.A. when B. while C. as D. than11. Several weeks had gone by _ I realized the painting was missing.A. a