unit 4 text B

TextBChangingAttitudestoLifelongEmployment,Text,Wordsshesalwayscheerful.Whatsyourattitudetohissuggestion?,BACK,lifelong,adj.continuingforalifetime毕生的,终身的e.g.alifelongfriend/一辈子的朋友,BACK,employment,n.1.theactofemploying雇佣2.thestateofbeingemployed被雇佣的状态3.theworkinwhichoneisengaged;occupation某人所从事的工作；职业e.g.Helefthishometolookforemployment.他离家去找职业。,BACK,corporation,n.1.abodythatisgrantedacharterlegallyrecognizingitasaseparatelegalentityhavingitsownrights,privileges,andliabilitiesdistinctfromthoseofitsmembers法人2.agroupofpeoplecombinedintooractingasonebody集体e.g.JohnworksforalargeAmericanchemicalcorporation.约翰为一家美国大化学公司工作。,BACK,hire,v.1.toengagetheservicesof(aperson)forafee;employ雇佣e.g.hireanewclerk2.toengagethetemporaryuseofforafee;rent租用e.g.hireacarforthedayn.1.theactofhiring雇佣;雇佣的行为2.theconditionorfactofbeinghired受雇,BACK,major,adj.1.greaterthanothersinimportanceorrank主要的，较重要的e.g.amajorartist主要的艺术家2.greatinscopeoreffect卓越的，显著的e.g.amajorimprovementn.主修科目，专业学生e.g.IamanEnglishmajor.,BACK,huntv.1.tosearchfor搜寻,寻找e.g.Thechildrenhuntedforseashellsonthebeach.Ihuntedeverywhereformylostkeys.2.tochaseinordertocatchandkillwildanimals打猎,猎取e.g.Everyautumn,manypeoplehuntdeerinthisarea.n.1.asearch搜寻,寻找e.g.Wewentonahuntforthelostdocument.2.anactofhuntingforwildanimals打猎,狩猎:e.g.thelonghuntthroughthefieldsandwoods,BACK,representv.,1.tostandfor;symbolize代表；象征e.g.ThebaldeaglerepresentstheUnitedStates.秃鹰象征了美国。2.toindicateorcommunicatebysignsorsymbols意指e.g.Lettersofthealphabetrepresentsounds.字母表中的字母意指发音。,BACK,probably,mostlikely;presumably很可能地；大概e.g.Itwillprobablyrain.天很可能要下雨了。A:Willitrainthisafternoon?B:Probablynot.,adv.,BACK,employer,n.雇主e.g.Thecarindustryisoneofourbiggestemployers.汽车工业是我们最大的雇主之一。构词employ雇用+-or者：employer雇主employ雇用+-ee被者：employee雇员,BACK,policy,n.1.aplanorcourseofaction,asofagovernment,politicalparty,orbusiness,intendedtoinfluenceanddeterminedecisions,actions,andothermatters政策e.g.thecompanyspersonnelpolicy/该公司的人事政策2.acourseofaction,guidingprinciple,orprocedureconsideredexpedient,prudent,oradvantageous手段；计谋；策略e.g.Honestyisthebestpolicy.诚实是最好的策略。,BACK,particularly,adv.1.toagreatdegree;especially很大程度上地；特别地e.g.Iparticularlylikethebrownshoes.2.withparticularreferenceoremphasis;individuallyorspecifically特别提及或强调地；个别地或具体地e.g.Everyonehasamomentinhistorywhichbelongsparticularlytohim.每个人在历史上都有只属于他自己的一刻。,BACK,training,n.1.theprocessorroutineofonewhotrains训练e.g.trainingfortherace/为参加赛跑而锻炼2.thestateofbeingtrained受训,BACK,staff,n.1.astoutstickusedasaweapon棍棒；警棍2.thepersonnelwhocarryoutaspecificenterprise全体雇员e.g.thenursingstaffofahospitalv.1.toprovidewithastaffofworkersorassistants为配置工人或助手等职工2.toserveonthestaffof作的雇员,BACK,n.1.allthepeopleemployedbyacompany,inthearmedforces,etc.员工e.g.Titarypersonnel2.thedepartmentinacompanythatdealswith(thecomplaintsanddifficultiesof)theemployees人事部e.g.thepersonnelmanagerIwenttopersonneltoaskaboutthecompanyretirementprogram.,personnel,BACK,managern.,1.onewhohandles,controls,ordirects,especially经营人2.onewhodirectsabusinessorotherenterprise经理3.onewhocontrolsresourcesandexpenditures,asofahousehold当家人e.g.Mywifeisanexcellentmanager.我太太是个很好的管家。,BACK,firm,n.公司,(合伙)商号adj.1.resistanttoexternallyappliedpressure坚硬的e.g.afirmbelief/坚定的信念Pricesarestillfirm.物价仍然稳定。Theteacherwasfirmanddidnotchangehermind.老师很坚决，他不改变主意。2.markedbyorindicatingthetoneandresiliencyofhealthytissue健壮的e.g.firmmuscles/结实的肌肉,BACK,select,v.totakeasachoicefromamongseveral;pickout选择，选出e.g.Iwasselectedfortheteam.我被选入这个队。adj.singledoutinpreference;chosen挑选出来的；精选的e.g.aselectfew/精选出来的少数,BACK,suitable,adj.appropriatetoapurposeoranoccasion合适的e.g.Thistoyisnotsuitableforyoungchildren.这个玩具不适合小孩玩。,BACK,employeen.,apersonwhoworksforanotherinreturnforfinancialorothercompensation雇员e.g.employeebenefits/雇员利益employeeunions/雇员联合会employeerelations/雇员关系,BACK,recentlyadv.,最近，新近e.g.ThecompanyhasrecentlyacquiredanewofficebuildingincentralBoston.这家公司最近在波斯顿市中心买了一幢新的办公楼。Thingsgotsobadrecentlythathedecidedtogoonadiet.近来情况变得如此糟糕,以致他决定节食了。,BACK,investment,n.1.theactofinvesting/投资2.anamountinvested/投资额3.propertyoranotherpossessionacquiredforfuturefinancialreturnorbenefit/资本4.acommitment,asoftimeorsupport/投入,BACK,advantage,n.1.abeneficialfactororcombinationoffactors有利条件2.benefitorprofit;gain利益e.g.Itistoyouradvantagetoinvestwisely.明智地投资对你很有利。3.arelativelyfavorableposition;superiorityofmeans有利地位e.g.Abettereducationgaveustheadvantage.良好的教育使我们处于有利地位。,BACK,flexible,adj.1.capableofbeingbentorflexed;pliable柔软的2.capableofbeingbentrepeatedlywithoutinjuryordamage弹性的3.susceptibletoinfluenceorpersuasion;tractable温顺的4.responsivetochange;adaptable可变通的；易适应的e.g.aflexibleschedule/可变通的日程表,BACK,international,adj.1.of,relatingto,orinvolvingtwoormorenations国际的e.g.aninternationalcommission/一个国际委员会internationalaffairs/国际事务2.extendingacrossortranscendingnationalboundaries超越国界的ernationalfame/国际声誉n.国际性组织,国际比赛,BACK,layoff,1.toterminatetheemploymentof(aworker),especiallytemporarily暂时解雇员工e.g.laid-offworkers/下岗工人2.tomarkoff划界线e.g.layoffanareaforagarden/划出一块区域作为花园,BACK,TextBChangingAttitudestoLifelongEmployment,1Thisfall,asusual,companiesandcorporationsarebusilyhiringnewgraduates.Majorcitiesarecrowdedwithyoungmenandwomenwhohavejustgraduatedfromhighschoolorcollegeandwhoarehuntingforajob.2Onehighschoolgraduatesaysthattheemploymentseasonrepresentsjudgmentdayformanystudents.“Ourwholelivesaredecidedduringthisperiodwhenwerelookingforacompanytoworkfor,”shesays.“IknowthatwhenIfinallyfindajob,Illprobablybewiththatcompanyfortherestofmylife,andthatmakesthejobsearchveryimportant.”,HOME,NEXT,译文,3Forsomeemployers,thepolicyoflifetimeemploymentisparticularlyimportantbecauseitmeansthattheycanputmoneyandeffortintotrainingtheirstaff.Thepersonnelmanagerofonelargefirmreportsthatthepolicyhereisdifferentfrommostothercountries,wherecompaniesemploypeoplewhoarealreadytrainedandwhoseskillscanbeusedimmediately.“Whatwedohere,however,istoselectyoungpeoplewhohavepotentialandwhocanbetrained,”hesaid.“Wethengivethemthekindsofskillsthatwillmakethemsuitableemployeesforus.”,NEXT,译文,TextB(continued),BACK,TextB(continued2),4Onerecentlyemployedgraduatesaysthatsheisreceivingagreatdealofvaluabletrainingfromthecompany.“ThismeansthatIwillbealoyalemployee,”shesays.“Anditalsomeansthatthecompanywillkeepme.Iamanimportantinvestmentforthem.Sothepolicyisagoodonebecauseitisofgreatbenefittoboththeemployerandtheemployee.”,NEXT,BACK,译文,5Recently,however,attitudestowardlifelongemploymentarebeginningtochange.Employeesareslowlybeginningtoaccepttheideathatlifelongemploymentisnotalwaysintheirbestinterestandthatchangingfirmscanhavecareeradvantages.Companiesarealsodevelopingmoreflexibleemploymentpolicies.“IthoughtIhadajobforlife,”saysoneyoungwomanwholastedjustsixmonthsinherfirstjob.“However,whenthecompanylostabiginternationalorder,Iwaslaidoff.Imnowlookingforanotherjob.”,HOME,BACK,译文,TextB(continued3),变化中的终身就业观1跟往年一样,今年秋季各家公司正忙于招聘应届毕业生。大城市里挤满了刚刚从中学或大学毕业的青年男女,大家都在忙着找工作。2一个中学毕业生说,就业季节对于许多学生而言意味着最后审判日。她说,“当我们在寻找工作单位时,我们的一生就被决定了。我知道,当我最后找到一份工作,我可能会从一而终。这就使得找工作这件事变得极为重要。”,课文译文,BACK,3对于一些雇主而言,终身雇用的政策极为重要,因为这意味着公司可以投入财力和物力培训自己的雇员。一家大公司的人事部经理说,他们的政策不同于大多数其他国家。在其他国家,公司雇用已经受过培训的人,这些人所掌握的技能马上就能派上用场。“然而我们所做的事挑选一些有潜力,可培养的年轻人,然后传授他们技能,把他们培养成公司需要的员工。”,课文译文,BACK,课文译文,4一个新近被录用的毕业生说公司正给她提供大量有价值的培训。她说:“这意味着我将成为一名忠诚的员工,同时也意味着公司将留住我。我是公司的一项重要投资。因此,终身雇用是一项很好的投资政策,它对雇主和雇员都有利。”,BACK,5然后,近来人们多终身雇用的看法有了转变。雇员们慢慢地开始接受了这样的观念:终身就业于某一单位对他们来说并非最好,跳槽有利于职业发展。一些公司也正在开发更具有弹性的就业政策。一位年轻妇女第一份工作只干了半年,她说:“以前我以为得到了一份终身职业,可是当公司失去了一笔巨额国际订单后,我就失业了。现在,我正在另找工作。”,课文译文,BACK,Majorcitiesarecrowdedwithyoungmenandwomenwhohavejustgraduatedfromhighschoolorcollegeandwhoarehuntingforajob.大城市挤满了刚刚从中学或大学毕业的正在找工作的毕业生。句中有两个并列的以who引导的定语从句，修饰前面的menandwomen.,BACK,JudgmentDay最后审判日根据,到了世界末日，死者将从墓中复活，接受基督审判，其中好人升上天堂，坏人贬入地狱。1.thetimeafterdeathwheneveryoneisjudgedbyGodforwhattheyhavedoneinlife,accordingtoChristianityandsomeotherreligions,also:DayofJudgment;TheLastJudgment2.thedaywhenaveryimportanteventtakesplace:e.g.TomorrowisjudgmentdayformebecauseIwillknowwhetherIgetthejob.,BACK,IknowthatwhenIfinallyfindajob,Illprobablybewiththatcompanyfortherestofmylife,andthatmakesthejobsearchveryimportant.”我知道当我最终找到一份工作，我会在那家公司干一辈子，这就使得找工作这件事极其重要。句中bewith意思是“在（某单位）工作”,and后面的that指的是要在那家公司干一辈子这个情况。Exercise汉译英:他在这家公司干了十年了。Key:Hesbeenwiththefirmfortenyears.,BACK,Thepersonnelmanagerofonelargefirmreportsthatthepolicyhereisdifferentfrommostothercountries,wherecompaniesemploypeoplewhoarealreadytrainedandwhoseskillscanbeusedimmediately.一家大公司的人事经理说他们的政策不同于大多数别的国家，在别的国家，公司雇用受过训练的人，这些人的技能马上就可以用得上。句中where引导一个非限制性定语从句，修饰othercountries.该句还包含两个分别以who和whose引导的定语从句。,BACK,Employeesareslowlybeginningtoaccepttheideathatlifelongemploymentisnotalwaysintheirbestinterestandthatchangingfirmscanhavecareeradvantages雇员们慢慢地开始接受了这样的理念：终身就职于某一单位对他们来说并非最好，跳槽对职业发展有好处。insbsinterest:helpingsomeoneandgivingthemanadvantagee.g.actinthebestinterestofthepatientIheinterestofsb.:inordertoachieveaparticularsituationorqualitye.g.Itisinourinterestthattherewillbepeaceinthatarea.Intheinterestofsafety,passengersareadvisedtoweartheirseatbeltsatalltimes.,BACK,IthoughtIhadafobforlife,”saysoneyoungwomanwholastedjustsixmonthsinherfirstjob“我认为我有了一份一辈子的工作，”一个年轻女子说，她的第一份工作仅仅维持了6个月。sixmonths前省略了forlastv.1.tocontinuetoexist近enduree.g.Howlongwillthemeetinglast?Mostsessionslastabouthalfanhour.2.tobeenoughforaperiodoftimee.g.Iveonlygot$5tolastmetilltheendoftheweek.3.tosurvive,livee.g.Thewoundedisnotexpectedtolastthenight.近survive,BACK,MainIdeasFillintheblankswithappropriatewordsaccordingtothereadingpassage.Manyhighschoolandcollegegraduateshavetheideathatoncetheyareemployed,theywillbe_thatcompanyforthe_oftheirlives.Atthesametime,some_haveadoptedalifetimeemployment_.Oncetheyhirepeople,theycanputmoneyand_intotrainingthem,andmakethem_employeesforthecompanies._someextent,thispolicyisgoodbecauseitisofgreatbenefittobothemployersand_.Recently,however,someemployeesarebeginningtochangetheir_towardthelifelongemploymentandtheythinkchangingfirmscanbringthemcareer_.,with,rest,employers,policy,effort,suitable,To,employees,attitudes,advantages,HOME,DetailedUnderstandingofTextBCompletethefollowingsentencesaccordingtothetext.1.Benefitsoflifelongemploymentforemployees:1)Theycan_.2)Theycan_.2.Benefitoflifelongemploymentforemployers:Thecompanycanhave_.,receivevaluabletraining,bekeptbythecompany,loyalemployees,NEXT,3.Reasons