精品—名词性从句课件.ppt

名词性从句,Unit1Theworldofoursense,GrammarNounclause,名词性从句,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。,引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：连接词：that,whether,if连接代词：what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whose,which.连接副词：when,where,how,why,一主语从句,主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。,1.It作形式主语,It作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。例如：Itisapitythatyoudidntgotoseethefilm.Itdoesntinterestmewhetheryousucceedornot.,Subjectclause引导主语从句的连词主要有:一.由that引导的主从:1.Thatweshallbelateiscertain.2._isknowntoall.(地球是圆的)3._isapity.(你错过了这次机会)that不作成分，无意义,但不能省略.后接一个完整的陈述句.,Thattheearthisround,Thatyoumissedthechance,that,whether,疑问词,注：that引导的主语从句作主语，谓语用单数。That引导的主从，常用形式主语it代替，that从句后移。Thatweneedtimeisobvious.Itisobviousthatweneedtime.,2.What引导的主从，what作主语，宾语或表语，表。的东西Whatweneedistime.Whathesaiditistrue.,What引导的主从，谓语动词视后面的名词而定。Whatweneedtime.Whathegavemearetwobooks.,is,what引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语宾语表语，而that则不然。例如：1)_yousaidyesterdayisright.2)_sheisstillaliveisagoodthing.,Itisrightwhatyousaidyesterday.,Itisagoodthingthatsheisstillalive.,What,That,2.what与that在引导主语从句时的区别,3.由whether引导的主从:e.g.Whetherhellbeabletocomeisnotyetknown.Whetherwewillsucceedisstillaquestion.主语从句不能用if来引导;Ex:1.是否我们要参加这次会议仍未被决定。Whetherweshallattendthemeetinghasntbeendecidedyet.,陈述语序,4.疑问词引导的主语从句what;which;who;whom;when;where;why;how原则:缺什么补什么Whathesaidatthemeetingsurprisedus.Whowillwinthegameisnotclear.Wherehewillgoisunknown.Whytheyhavenotleftyetpuzzledme.Howwecangetthereisaproblem.,1._makesthisshopdifferentisthatitoffersmorepersonalservices.A.WhatB.WhoC.WhateverD.Whoever2._Icanpaybackthehelpthatpeoplegivememakesmeveryhappy.A.WhereB.WhatC.ThatD.How3.Itsnotclear_wasresponsiblefortheaccident.A.WhoB.WhatC.HowD.That,A,Ex.,C,A,二宾语从句,宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词(及物动词)或介词之后。,1.作动词的宾语(1)由that引导的宾语从句(that通常可以省略),例如：Iheardthathejoinedthearmy.(2)由what,whether(if)引导的宾语从句，例如：Shedidnotknowwhathadhappened.Iwonderwhetheryoucanchangethisnoteforme.(3)动词间接宾语宾语从句。例如：Shetoldmethatshewouldacceptmyinvitation.,2.作介词的宾语，例如：Oursuccessdependsuponhowwellwecancooperate(合作）withoneanother.,3.作形容词的宾语，例如：Iamafraid(that)Ivemadeamistake.Iamsure(that)hewillwinthegame.,4.it可以作为形式宾语it不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语that从句则放在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。例如：Wethoughtitgoodnewsthatthefoghadfinallygone.,Objectclause,引导宾语从句的连词主要有:1.that引导的宾从Shesensedshewasbeingwatching.Webelieveheishonest.ItoldhimIwouldcomebacksoon.单个的宾语从句中连词that可以省略.,that,if/whether,疑问词,that,that,that,如果宾语从句是由and或是but连接的两个句子,那么要用2个连词分别引导两个句子,并且不能省略.,.,Hesaid,thathelikedrainverymuch,and,thathewouldnotuseanumbrella.,2.if/whether引导的宾从,如果宾语从句为一般疑问句时,用if或whether来引导e.g.Iwonderif/whetherhewillcomeontime.if和whether的选用1)从句是一般疑问句作动词的宾语,二者都可用;2)Whetherornot搭配,不能用if;,whether与if均为“是否”的意思。但在下列情况下，whether不能被if所取代：主语从句不能用if,Whetherhewillcomeisunknown.,2.表语从句不能用if，如：,Thequestioniswhetheryoushouldacceptit.,3.同位语从句不能用if，如：,Thequestionwhetherhellattendthemeetingisnotdecided.,4.从句作介词的宾语不能用if，如：,Imnotinterestedinwhethertheyllgoornot.Itdependsonwhetherwehavegotenoughmoney.,5.直接跟不定式连用，连词不能用if如：,Shehasntdecidedwhethertogoornot.,6.Whetherornot搭配,不能用if,用if或whether填空,1.Idontknow_Illbefreetomorrow.2.Idontknow_ornotIllbefreetomorrow.3.Thequestionis_thisbookisworthwriting.4.Itdependson_wewillhaveenoughmoney.5._theycandoitmatterslittletous.6._youarenotfreetomorrow,Illgowithoutyou.,whether/if,whether,whether,whether,Whether,If,3.疑问词引导的宾语从句IdontknowwhatIshoulddo.Idontknowwherehelives.Idontknowwherehellvisit.,3.疑问词引导的宾从练习,1.Idontknow_broketheglassyesterday.2.Weshouldpayattentionto_theteacherissaying.3.Theteacherasked_Iwasgettingonwithmyclassmates.A.whatB.thatC.howD.if4.Wethought_strangethatshedidntcomeyesterday.A.thatB.itC.thisD.what,who,what,C,B,doubt用于肯定句，其宾从用if/whetherIdoubtwhetherhewillcometomorrow.Doubt用于否定句，疑问句，用thatIdontdoubtthathewillcometomorrow.Doyoudoubtthat?,5.虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用：Suggest,insist,require,order,request,demand,propose,advice+that主+should+V原形，should可省略。Hesuggestedthatameetingshouldbeheldatonce.HeinsistedthathenotbesenttoworkinTibet.,Objectclause,宾语从句的注意点：1.单个的宾语从句中连词that可以省略.Webelieveheishonest.如果宾语从句是由and或是but连接的两个句子,那么要用2个连词分别引导两个句子,并且不能省略.Hesaidthathelikedrainverymuchandthathewouldnotuseanumbrella.,that,3.宾语从句的语序问题，用正常语序,1.Thephotographswillshowyou_.A.whatdoesourvillagelooklikeB.whatourvillagelookslikeC.howdoesourvillagelooklikeD.howourvillagelookslike2.Youcanhardlyimagine_whenheheardthenews.A.howhewasexcitedB.howwasheexcitedC.howexcitedhewasD.hewashowexcited3.Heasked_foraviolin.（MET92）A.didIpayhowmuchB.IpaidhowmuchC.howmuchdidIpayD.howmuchIpaid,B,C,D,4.宾语从句的时态呼应,1）.如果主句时态是现在时或将来时,从句谓语可根据句意需要而选用任一种时态.a.他相信他的梦想总有一天会实现的.Hebelieves_.b.请告诉我你昨天这个时候在干什么.Pleasetellme_.,hisdreamwillcometruesomeday,whatyouweredoingatthistimeyesterday,2）.Hetoldme.Iampreparingfortheexam.Hetoldme.Ihaveleftmyhometownformanyyears.3）.老师告诉我们地球是圆的。Theteachertoldus_.,Hetoldmehewaspreparingfortheexam.,Hetoldmehehadlefthishometownformanyyears.,theearthisround,主语从句与宾语从句练习,1.Itnowappears_theyareinneedofhelp.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.how3.It_heislateforclass.A.maythatB.mightthatC.maybethatD.mightbewhat4._knowsthetruthwilltellyouaboutit.A.WhothatB.WhoeverC.WhomthatD.Thatwho5.Youmustdowell_theteacherasksyoutodo.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.where6._hisdreamofgoingtocollegewillcometrueisuncertain.A.ThatB.WhetherC.IfD.Evenif,三表语从句,表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，放在系动词之后，一般结构是“主语连系动词表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be,look,remain,seem等。另外，常用的还有thereasonisthat和Itisbecause等结构。例如：1)Thequestionis_wecanmakegoodpreparationinsuchashorttime.2)Thisis_wecantgetthesupportofthepeople.3)Butthefactremains_wearebehindtheotherclasses.4)Thereason_heislateforschoolis_hemissedtheearlybus.,whether/how,why,that,why,that,predictiveclause,引导表语从句的连词:,that,whether,疑问词,asif/asthough,because,e.g.ThetroubleisthatIhavelostmykey.Thequestioniswhetherwecandoit.Thatsbecausewewereinneedofmoneyatthattime.Helookedasifhewasgoingtocry.ThatswhyIwaslate.,虚拟语气在表语从句中的应用：如果句子的主语是suggestion,advice.order,demand,require,proposal,等名词时,后面引导的表语从句用should+动词原形,should可省略.e.g.他的建议是我们应该马上完成工作.,1.Thereason_wedidnttrusthimis_hehasoftenlied如果主语为reason,why,that,表语从句连词只能用that,Hissuggestionisthatwe(should)finishtheworkatonce.,此规则同样适用于同位语从句,表语从句练习,1.Thisis_shewasborn.A.whereB.whichC.thatD.what2.Thequestionis_wecantgotheretoday.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.when3.Thereasonhehasmadesuchgreatprogressis_hehasneverwastedhistime.A.becauseB.whyC.thatD.what4.Myadviceisthathe_schoolbybike.A.gotoB.wouldgotoC.goestoD.wentto5._shecouldntunderstandwas_fewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlessons.A.What;whyB.That;whatC.What;becauseD.Why;that,四同位语从句,1.同位语从句的功能同位语从句对于名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容，修饰名词fact,idea,news,order，suggestion,等的同位语从句由that引导，不用which,that不可省。,同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。,oppositonclause,引导同位语从句的连接词:,that,疑问词,whether,1.That引导的同位语从句：1)ThenewsthatIhavepassedtheexamistrue.2.Whether引导的同位语从句：1)Theproblemwhetherweshouldcontinuetodotheexperimenthasbeensolved.3.疑问词引导的同位语从句1）Wehaventsettledthequestionwherewearegoingtospendoursummervacation.,1.Thesuggestionthathe_atthemeetingwasagreedtobymostpeople.A.shouldputforwardB.putforwardC.shouldlookforwardD.lookedforward,2.Thesuggestionthatwe_topicniconSundaywasagreedtobymostpeople.AwentB.wouldgoC.goD.wereallowedtogo,B,C,4.虚拟语气在同位语从句中的应用：名词demand,suggestion,proposal,advice等词后的同位语从句的语气要用虚拟语气,结构为should+do,should可省略,5.同位语从句与定语从句的区别,(1)定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时在从句中作某个成分（主语或宾语），而同位语从句中的that是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。,(2)定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述它的性质或特征；同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词进行具体内容的补充说明。例如：,1)ThenewsthathetoldmeisthatTomwouldgoabroadnextyear.（他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。）（第一个that引导的从句是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语）2)ThenewsthatTomwouldgoabroadistoldbyhim.（汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。）（同位语从句，that在句中不作任何成分）,同位语：修饰名词的内容定语从句：对前面的名词进行修饰，限定。Thenewsthatourteamhadwoncame.同位语从句Thenewsthat/whichheheardwastrue.定语从句,that在同位语从句与定语从句的区别,（I）试比较下面两个例句:1.Thesuggestionthatheraisedatthemeetingisverygood.2.Thesuggestionthatthestudentsshouldhaveplentyofexerciseisverygood.,（that引导定语从句,作宾语,可以省略）,（that引导同位语从句,在从句中不担当任何成分，但不可以省略）,辨别下列从句是定语从句还是同位语从句1.Weheardthenewsthatourteamhadwon.2.Wemustfacethefactthatwehadspentallourmoney.3.Thenewsthathetoldmeyesterdaywasfalse.4.Ihavenodoubtthathewillcomesoon.,同位语从句,同位语从句,定语从句,同位语从句,practice,高考再现1.(NMET1995)isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It2.(NMET1996)wecantgetseemsbetterthanwehave.A.What,whatB.What,thatC.That,thatD.That,what3.(NMET2001春)Ireadaboutitinsomebookorother,doesitmatteritwas?A.whereB.whatC.howD.which4.(NMET1997)Itsgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachildheorshewants.A.howeverB.whateverC.whicheverD.wherever5.(NMET1999)IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.-Isthatyouhadafewdaysoff?A.whyB.whenC.whatD.where,D,A,D,B,A,6.(上海2002)TheresafeelinginmewellneverknowwhataUFOis-notever.A.thatB.whichC.ofwhichD.what,A,1.Itisimportantthat_oureducationinallavailableways.A.wemustdevelopB.weshalldevelopC.wewoulddevelopD.weshoulddevelop2.Itisnecessarythat_bytheendoftheweek.A.wegoteverythingreadyB.wehavegoteverythingreadyC.WegeteverythingreadyD.wemustgeteverythingready3.Itwasnaturalthat_.A.mypictureswouldsurprisethemB.mypicturessurprisedthemC.mypicturesshouldsurprisethemD.mypictureswouldhavesurprisedthem4.Iwonder_.A.whetherornotIllcatchthelastbusB.ifornotIllcatchthelastbusC.thatIllcatchthelastbusornotD.thatIllcatchthelastbus,5.Weallthought_apitythatwehadmissedthelesson.A.soB.suchC.itD.that6.Itook_forgranted（想当然）thattheywerenotcoming.A.thatB.thisC.itD.so7.Iheard_saidthathehadgreatconcern（关心）forhisclassmates.A.andB.thatC.wasD.it8.IwishI_tothefootballmatchlastnight.A.wentB.goC.shouldgoD.hadgone,1.Weallknowthetruth_theearthgoesroundthesun.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.whether2.Weheardthenews_ourteamhadwon.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.where3.Theproblem_itisrightorwronghasnotyetbeendecided.A.whichB.thatC.whetherD.if4.Theresafeelinginme_wellneverknowwhataUFOis-notever.A.thatB.whichC.ofwhichD.what5.Itremainsaquestion_wecangetsomuchmoneyinsuchashorttime.A.howB.thatC.whenD.what,综合运用：,Theearthisround,_isknowntoeverybody.,as/which,2._isknowntoeverybody,theearthisround.,As,3._theearthisroundisknowntoeverybody.,That,4._isknowntoeverybodythattheearthisround.,It,5.Everybodyknows_theearthisround.,that,6._surprisedusverymuchthat