专题冠词讲义.doc

专题（一）冠词一、a与an的用法区别a用于辅音前；an用于元音前。1、I have been waiting for him for _hour and a half. (1980全国)A. the B. a C. an D. whole2、Five years ago her brother was _university student of _physics. (1990上海)A. a; the B. an; the C. an; / D. a3、 Please pay attention to your spelling. You have dropped _”m” here. (1989上海) A. an B. the C. / D. a 总结：(1) 拼写以辅音字母开头读音却以元音开头的单词 hour, honest, honor等单词的拼写虽然以辅音字母h开头，但其读音却以元音开头，因此，前面要用an。 (2) 拼写以元音字母开头读音却以辅音开头的单词 useful, university, usual, united, European, one-eyed, one-way等单词的拼写虽然以元音字母开头，但其读音却以辅音开头，因此，前面要用a。(3) 英文字母前用a还是用an的问题 在26个英文字母中，a, e, i, o, f, h, l, m, n, r, s, x等12个字母的读音是以元音开头的，其余字母的读音则是以辅音开头的。 二、不定冠词的主要用法（一）(1)The Wilsons live in _A-shaped house near the coast. It is _17th century cottage. (2004浙江) A. the , / B. an, the C. /, the D. an, a。(2)Jumping out of _airplane at ten thousand feet is quite _exciting experience. (2002全国)A. 不填; the B. 不填; an C. an; an D. the; the (3)In _ review of 44 studies, American researchers found that men and women who ate six key foods daily cut the risk of _heart disease by 76%. (2006湖南)A. a; the B. the; a C. a; 不填D. 不填; a总结：1. 不定冠词用在单数可数名词前，表示泛指某类人或事物中的一个或任一个，意为“一个/位/座/项/段/次”（二）(1)I earn 10 dollars _hour as _ supermarket cashier on Saturdays. (2003上海)A. a ; an B. the ; a C. an; a D. an; the (2)Mrs. Tailor has _ 8-year-old daughter who has _gift for painting she has won two national prizes. (2005浙江)A. a, a B. an, the C. an, a D. the, a总结：2. 表示“(数量)一”“每一”“同一(of +a/an +n.)”1、When he left _college, he got a job as _reporter in a newspaper office. (2004天津)A. 不填；a B. 不填；the C. a; the D. the ; the总结：3. 用于作表语或作as的宾语的职业或身份的名词前。三、定冠词的主要用法 （一）(1)I knocked over my coffee cup. It went right over _ keyboard. You shouldnt put drinks near _ computer. (2006北京)A. the; 不填 B. the; a C. a; 不填 D. a; a(2)Dont worry if you cant come to _ party. Ill save _ cake for you. (2006浙江)A. the; some B. a; much C. the; any D. a; little 总结：1. 定冠词the的基本用法，即表示特指，相当于this(这), that(那), these(这些), those(那些)。包括指上文提到过的人或事物，或者双方都知道的人或事物2. 用于“the+比较级”表示“两者中较的”那一个人或事物【真题再现】Of the two sisters, Betty is _ one, and she is also the one who loves to be quiet. (2006安徽) A. a younger B. a youngest C. the younger D. the youngest 3. 用于单数可数名词前表示某类事物的整体。【真题再现】Alexander Graham Bell invented _telephone in 1876. (1991全国) A.不填 B. a C. the D. one 4. 用于介词短语中的方位名词前。 【真题再现】Summer in _south of France is for _most part dry and sunny. (2000京春) A. /, a B. the, / C. /, / D. the, the在没有介词的方位名词前，不用冠词。如：We stood at the top of the mountain _east of the city, watching _burning sun rising. A. 不填；a B. the; a C. the; the D. 不填；the5. 用于最高级形容词或副词前。 【真题再现】Of all _reasons for my decision to become a university professor, my fathers advice was _ most important one. (2006辽宁)A. the; a B. 不填；a C. 不填; the D. the; the6. 用于play后的西洋乐器名词前。 【真题再现】After watching _TV, she played _violin for an hour. (1991全国) A. 不填, 不填 B. the, the C. the, 不填 D. 不填, the 用于“the +逢十的复数基数词”前表示年代。【真题再现】It is not rare in _that people in _fifties are going to university for further education. (1999上海) A. 90s; the B. the 90s; / C. 90s; their D. the 90s; their 8. 用于“the+比较级，the+比较级”(越就越)句型中。【真题再现】It is believed that _ you work, _result youll get. (1993上海) A. the harder; the better B. the more hard; the most better C. the harder; a better D. more hard; more better9用于by the dozen/gallon/ ton/yard/ year/month/day/hour等结构中表示计量单位，意为“按/以(卖/租/付款)”，常与buy, sell, rent, charge等动词连用。 【真题再现】As a rule, the workers are paid _.(2004上海春)A. by the hour B. by hour C. by an hour D. by hours注意：表示工人的工资“按小时付”用by the hour。在by weight(按重量)中不用the。10. 用于“动词+人+介词+the+人体部位或衣着”中：用于该句型的动词常常是表示“打、抓、牵、拉、拍、踢”等之类的动词。【真题再现】A bullet hit the soldier and he was wounded in _ leg. (2001上海)A. a B. one C. the D. his 四、零冠词的主要用法(即不用冠词的情况)1. 复数可数名词表示泛指和不可数名词表示泛指时不用冠词。【真题再现】(1)The sign reads In case of _fire, break the glass and push _red button. (2003全国)A. 不填；a B. 不填；the C the; the D. a; a （2）Everywhere man has cut down _ forests in order to grow crops, or to use _ wood as fuel or as building material. (2006重庆25)A. the; the B. the; / C. /；the D. /；/ 2. 在as(虽然)引导的让步状语从句前面的单数可数名词前不用冠词。 【真题再现】_, he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class. (2005重庆)A. A quiet student as he may be B. Quiet student as he may be C. Be a quiet student as he may D. Quiet as he may be a student 3. man(人，人类), word(消息)的前面不用冠词。 【真题再现】While he was investigating ways to improve the telescope, Newton made _ discovery which completely changed _ mans understanding of colour. (2004广东) A. a不填 B. athe C. 不填the D. thea 4. 学科名词前不用冠词。 【真题再现】She is _ newcomer to _chemistry but she has already made some important discoveries. (1994全国) A. the; the B. the; 不填 C. a; 不填 D. a; the注：下列3种情况虽未曾考过，但仍需注意： (1)球类运动和棋类游戏名词前不用冠词。如play football踢足球。 (2)在某些独立主格结构中。如： The teacher came in, book in hand. 老师进来了，手里拿着一本书。(3)在表示“变成”的turn后作表语的名词不用冠词。如：He will never turn traitor. 他绝不会成为叛徒。五、有关冠词使用的疑难问题1. 序数词前冠词的使用问题：强调顺序时用定冠词；当不强调顺序，而是表示在原来的基础上增加，即“又，还，再”时，用不定冠词。如：【真题再现】The cakes are delicious. Hed like to have _third one because _second one is rather too small. (2002上海春) A. a; a B. the; the C. a; the D. the; a2. school, bed等前面冠词的使用问题：像bed, table, class, school, college, church, hospital, prison等名词，在指这些家具、建筑或场所本身时用冠词，但若指它们所具有的作用或功能时，则不用冠词，此时多用于go to或者be in/at之后。【真题再现】(1)Where is Jack? I think he is still in_ bed, but he might just be in _ bathroom. (1992全国) A. 不填；不填 B. the；the C. the; 不填 D. 不填；the (2)When you come here for your holiday next time, dont go to _hotel; I can find you _bed in my flat. (2004全国) A. the; a B. the; 不填 C. a; the D. a; 不填 3. 专有名词前的冠词使用问题：一般不用冠词，如John, China等。但以下几种情况用冠词：“the姓氏复数”：表示“某某夫妇”或“姓某的一家人”。真题再现】Who did you spend last weekend with? _. (1998上海)A. Palmers B. The Palmers C. The Palmers D. The Palmers “a(n)+人名”：表示“式的人物”或“(有)一个名叫的人”。【真题再现】Hello, could I speak to Mr. Smith? Sorry, wrong number. There isnt _Mr. Smith here. (2006全国I)A.不填 B. a C. the D. one由普通名词构成的专有名词前通常要加the。【真题再现】(4)According to _World Health Organization, health care plans are needed in all big cities to prevent _spread of AIDS. (2006陕西)A. the; 不填 B. the; the C. a; a D. 不填; the注：(1)表示特指时专有名词前也可能用the。如the Gorge of China (中国的高尔基)，the China of the 1960s(20世纪60年代的中国)，the Smith youre looking for(你在找的那个史密斯)。(2)若是在“专有名词(人名或地名)普通名词”构成的专有名词前不用冠词，如Beijing University(北京大学), Yale University(耶鲁大学)。4. 物质名词和抽象名词前冠词的使用问题：一般不用冠词，但特指时要用the。 【真题再现】I know you dont like _ music very much. But what do you think of _ music in the film we saw yesterday? (2006全国II)A. /; / B. the; the C. the; / D. /; the注：下列两种情况也用冠词： (1)有的抽象名词具体化后，前面要加不定冠词。如a surprise一件预料之外的事，a pity /shame (一件令人遗憾的事), a success(一件成功的事或一个成功的人)，a pleasure(一件快乐的事)，a time(一段时间)。【真题再现】There was _time _I hated to go to school. (2004湖北) A. a, that B. a, when C. the, that D. the, when(2)不定冠词可在coffee, tea, beer, drink等物质名词前表示“一杯/罐/瓶”。如：Id like a tea(=a cup of tea), please.我要来杯茶。5. 表示季节、月份、星期的名词前的冠词使用问题：一般不用冠词，但特指时用the；表示某个，或者受形容词修饰表示具有某种特点时可用a/an。如the spring of 1998(1998年的春天)，a hard winter(一个严寒的冬天)。 【真题再现】I cant remember when exactly the Rohinsons left _city. I only remember it was_ Monday. (2005湖南)A. the, the B. a, the C. a, a D. the, a 6. 独一无二的事物名词前冠词的使用问题：像world, earth, sun, moon, sky, universe等独一无二的事物名词前通常用定冠词，但前面有形容词修饰，表示“一个的”时，用不定冠词。 【真题再现】(2)It is _world of wonders, _world where anything can happen. (2004福建) A. a, the B. a, a C. the, a D. /, / 注意：以下两点也需留意(1)有后置定语的名词不一定用the，因为在指一类事物时用a/an。如： Id like to buy a present that is useful but not expensive. (我想买一件价格不贵但又有用的那样一类礼物。) (2)表示三餐的名词前通常不用冠词，但特指时用the，有定语修饰时，可用a/an。如： After _quick breakfast, she went to school by _bike. A. a, a B. the, a C. a, / D. /, / 不定冠词在短语中的运用1 无冠词：make room留空take place 发生Catch sight of 看见make sense 有意义Take hold of 抓住keep order维持秩序 by train/bus2 有冠词：have a gift for 有天赋 make a present for 给做礼物take a look at 看一看make a difference 有差别do sb. a favor给某人恩惠have a cold感冒have /lead /live a life过着样的生活on the telephone打电话3 有无定冠词 the 的区别Out of question毫无疑问Out of the question毫无可能In charge of 负责in the charge of 被负责 in store 储备in the store 在商店on watch 值班on the watch 留意 at church做礼拜；at the church 在教堂 1)For him _ stage is just _ means of making a