句子结构和句子成分详细讲解、配套练习ppt课件

,句子结构,1,英语句子成分分析,2,1.ImetmybestfriendTomatthestationyesterday.,主语,谓语,定语,宾语,同位语,状语,3,句子成分,定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分：主语和谓语次要成分：表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语,4,主语（subject）句子说明的人或事物,Janeisgoodatplayingthepiano.Shewentoutinahurry.Fourplusfouriseight.Toseeistobelieve.Smokingisbadforhealth.Theyoungshouldrespecttheold.Whathehassaidistrue.,（名词）（代词）（数词）（不定式）（动名词）（名词化的形容词）（句子）,5,谓语说明主语的动作、状态和特征,简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成Isawtheflagonthetopofthehill?Helookedaftertwoorphans.复合谓语由情态动词或助动词+动词;HecanspeakEnglishwell.Shedoesntseemtolikedancing,6,补充：系动词,1）状态系动词（be动词）例如：Heisateacher.（is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。）2）持续系动词keep,rest,remain,stay,lie,stand例如：Healwayskeptsilentatmeeting.他开会时总保持沉默。3）表像系动词seem,appear,look,例如：Helookstired.他看起来很累。,7,4）感官系动词feel,smell,sound,taste例如：Thiskindofclothfeelsverysoft.这种布手感很软。注意：系动词不用于被动语态.5）变化系动词become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run.例如：Hebecamemadafterthat.自那之后，他疯了。6）终止系动词prove,turnout,表达“证实”，“变成”之意例如：Therumorprovedfalse.这谣言证实有假。,8,Showyourpassport,please.Shedidntsayanything.Howmanydoyouwant?-Iwanttwo.Theysenttheinjuredtohospital.Theyaskedtoseemypassport.Ienjoyworkingwithyou.Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?,（名词）,(代词）,(数词),(名词化的形容词),(三)宾语动作的对象或承受者及物动词或介词的宾语,（不定式）,（动名词）,（句子）,9,宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语指物或事,间接宾语指人或动物.Hegavemesomebooks.,间接宾语,直接宾语,pleasepassmethebook.Heboughthisgirlfriendsomeflowers.,10,（四）表语,在系动词后的部分就是表语Thewarwasover.Theyseemtoknowthetruth.Timeisprecious.Imnotquitemyselftoday.Thatremainsapuzzle.Idontfeelatease.,11,（五）定语修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句,Heisacleverboy.Hisfatherworksinasteelwork.Thereare54studentsinourclass.Doyouknownbettyssister?Heboughtsomesleepingpills.Thereisasleepingbabyinbed.Hisspokenlanguageisgood.,(形容词),(名词),(数词),(名词的所有格),(动名词),(现在分词),(过去分词),12,定语后置：如果定语是由一个单词表示时，通常要前置。而由一个词组或一个句子表示时，通常则后置Thegirlinredishissister.Wehavealotofworktodo.Thegirlstandingunderthetreeishisdaughter.Doyouknowthemanwhospokejustnow?,13,（六）状语状语的功用：状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。,Iwillbebackinawhile.Theyareplayingontheplayground.Hewaslatebecausehegotuplate.HegotupsolatethatImissedthetrain.,Iwaitedtoseeyou.Heoftenwenttoschoolbybus.Hisparentsdied,leavinghimanorphan.Pleasecallmeifitisnecessary.Thisbookisveryinteresting.Hewenttoschoolinspiteofhisillness.,14,Ifoundthebookinteresting.Doyousmellsomethingburning?Hemadehimselfknowntothem.,（六）宾语补足语有些及物动词除了有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语，说明宾语的身份和状态以补充其意义不足，使句子的意义完整。这类常用的及物动词有：make,consider,cause,see,find,call,get,have,let.,Sheaskedmetolendherahand.,15,基本句型（BasicSentencePatterns）：英语中千变万化的句子归根结底都是由以下五种基本句型组合、扩展、变化而来的：1）主+动（SV）例如：Iwork.我工作。2）主+动+表（SVP）例如：Johnisbusy.约翰忙。3）主+动+宾（SVO）例如：ShestudiesEnglish.她学英语。4）主+动+间宾+直宾（SVIODO）例如：Mymotherboughtmeanewdress.我母亲给我买了一件新衣裳。5）主+动+宾+补（SVOC）例如：Runningmakesusstrong.跑步让我们健康。,16,1.主+动（SV）常见的不及物动词:risewaitsleepdependrainsmilediewalkdance等.例句:Thesunhasrisen.太阳升起来了.2)Theredsunhasrisenintheeast.鲜红的太阳在东方升起来了.3)Theboyissmiling.男孩在笑.4)Thelittleboyissmilinghappily.这个小男孩在高兴地笑.,17,1.Theyaretalking.()2.Bettylooksverybeautiful.()3.WecallmypetMimi.()4.Thechildrenwereplayinghappily()5.Dannycanswim.()6.Hehasgone.()7.Theleavesisturninggreen.()8.Yourroomshouldkeepclean.(),18,2.主+系+表（SVP）1).本句型中的系动词和表语二者缺一不可.常见的系动词有:be,become,taste,get,grow,go,seem,look,feel等.系表结构表示主语的身份性质状态等。例句:1)Theyarestudents.他们是学生.2)Theoldmenseemhappy.这些老人看起来很幸福.3)whenspringcomes,itgetswarm.当春天来时,天气会变暖.,19,2)常见的作表语的词有名词和形容词,其次是介词短语和不定式短语动名词,有些名词性从句也可以作表语.例句:,Theprettygirllookshappy.这个漂亮的女孩看起来很高兴.Shebecomeascientist.她成为一名科学家了.ThisbookisaboutlearningEnglish.这本书是关于学英语的.,20,1.Theyaretalking.()2.Bettylooksverybeautiful.()3.WecallmypetMimi.()4.Thechildrenwereplayinghappily()5.Dannycanswim.()6.Hehasgone.()7.Theleavesisturninggreen.()8.Yourroomshouldkeepclean.(),21,3.主+动+宾（SVO)常见的及物动词:lovesaytakesellknowcallorderdraw等.例句,Sheiswashingclothes.她在洗衣服.Isawabeautifulgirl.我看见一个漂亮的女孩.TomwatchesTVeveryevening.汤姆每天晚上看电视.Shedoesntlikeherbrother.她不喜欢她哥哥.SpeakEnglish,please.请讲英语Willyouhelpme?你会帮助我吗?MostofusenjoyEnglishverymuch.我们中大多数人非常喜欢英语,22,1.Ididintliketigers.()2.TheyhavedalreadyreachedBeijing.()3.Ireadmysonastoryeverynight.()4.Dannysenthisteachersomebeautifulflowers.()5.Jennycansingthesong.()6.Myfatherboughtmeanewbikeyesterday.()7.Areyoureadingnewspapers?()8.Iamgoinghome.(),23,4.主+动+宾+补（SVOC）常用的及物动词有:call,find,get,keep,feel,see,hear,listento,lookat,have,make,let等.例句:,WeselectedJohnourmonitor.我们选约翰当我们的班长.Thesunkeepsuswarm.太阳使我们感到温暖.Hemadetheboylaugh.他使男孩笑了.Hetoldmetocomeearlier.他让我早点来.Thestudentkeeptheirclassroomclean.学生们保持教室干净.Acoldkepthiminbedforthreedays.一次感冒让他卧床三天.,24,5.主+动+间宾+直宾（SVIODO）常接双宾语的动词:give,show,tell,teach,pass,buy,lend,1)英语中有些及物动词要求跟两个宾语(双宾语),即直接宾语和间接宾语.例句:Mymotherboughtmeapen.我妈妈给我买了一支钢笔.Theclerkaskedmemyaddressandtelephonenumber.那位职员问我的地址和电话号码.Pleasepasshimthebook.请把那本书递给他.,25,2)一般情况下,间接宾语位于直接宾语前,但有时,间接宾语可置于直接宾语后,此时,间接宾语前要加to或for.例句:,MrSmithtoldmeaninterestingstory.MrSmithtoldaninterestingstorytome.史密斯先生给我讲了一个有趣的故事.Iboughtherabeautifulskirt.Iboughtabeautifulskirtforher.我给她买了一件漂亮的裙子.,26,常接双宾语(直接宾语和间接宾语)的动词,间宾前加to的动词有:sell,feed,bring,read,pass,teach,give,take,show,send,tell,write,find,throw,间宾前加for的动词有:sing,make,get,buy,choose,return,cook,pick,order,call,leave,hand,27,Therebe句型,28,Thereisapictureonthewall.Thereisabagbehindthechair.Therearemanybooksonthedesk.Therearemanypeopleinthehall.,There+is/are+某物/人+某地某地有某物或某人“有,存在”,29,Thereisadogintheroom.,Therearetwodogsintheroom.,30,Therebe句型中的be动词要和后面离得最近的主语在数上保持一致,（1）如果句子的主语是单数可数名词或不可数名词时，be动词就用is.如：Thereisatableintheroom.房间里有一张桌子。Thereisalittlewaterinthebottle.瓶子里有一点水。（2）如果句子的主语是复数名词时，be动词就用are。如：Therearesomepencilsonthechair.椅子上有一些铅笔,31,就近原则,（3）如果有两个或两个以上的主语时，be动词要和最靠近它的那个主语在数上保持一致。如：Thereisapenandsomebooksonthedesk.书桌上有一支钢笔和一些书。Therearesomebooksandapenonthedesk.书桌上有一些书和一支钢笔。,32,Thereis/are-的否定句is/are后加not,肯定句中的some变any,Thereisabeautifulfloweronthedesk.Thereisnotabeautifulfloweronthetable.Thereissomewaterinthebottle.Thereisntanywaterinthebottle.,33,Thereis/are-的一般疑问句is/are要提前,some变any,其他都不变,Thereisaradioonthedesk.(一般疑问句)Istherearadioonthedesk?Yes,thereis./No,thereisntTherearesomeshoesunderthebed.（一般疑问句）Arethereanyshoesunderthebed?Yes,thereare./No,therearent.,34,练习：用be的适当形式填空。1.There_amaponthewall.2.There_manythingsonherdesk.3.There_twentyyuaninmypurse.4.There_abigdogandasmallcatnearthetable.5.There_twobikesunderthetree.6.There_apen,twopencilsandaneraserinthepencil-box.,35,练习:下列句子分别属于哪一句型.A.主语+系动词+表语(+状语)B.主语+谓语(+状语)C.主语+谓语+宾语(+状语)D.主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语(+状语)E.主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语(+状语),()1.Theflowersmellssweet.()2.IvisitedmyteacherlastSunday.()3.Theyaredancing.()4.Mrs.Blackhelpedhissonbrushhisteeth.,36,()5.Jennyboughtawatchforhim.()6.Hismothersenthimanewwatch.()7.Ioftenhearhersinginthenextroom()8.Thegirlopenedthedoor.()9.MaryandLynnliveinTaiyuan.()10.Shelookslikehermother.,37,()11.Youshouldstudyhard.()12.Thechildrenplayfootballontheplaygroundeveryafternoon.()13.Theweatherisgettingwarmerandwarmer.()14.Wepaintedthewallwhite.()15.Heaskedmetogoswimmingwithhim.,38,()16.OnSundaymanypeoplehaveawalkinthepark.()17.Misszhanghastaughtusmathsfortwoyears.()18.TomandJohnarethebeststudentsinourclass.()19.Hedideverythingtohelpthepoor.()20.Sheaskedmemytelephonenumber.,39,Hefeelsdisappointed.Iloveoperas.Shealwaystellsmejokes.Thechildrencriedandshoutedeveryday.Thesmilingfacesofhischildrenmadehimhappyagain.Sheisquietandshy.Myfatherboughtmeausefuldictionary.Mrs.VonTrappdied.Shetaughtthechildrentosinglivelysongsandperformshortandfunnyplaystocheerthemup.Youmaybecomeunhappysometimes.,Readandfindoutthestructuresofthefollowingsentences.,S+V,S+V+O,S+V+P,S+V+O+OC,S+V+P,S+V+IO+DO,S+V,S+V+IO+DO,S+V+P,40,Whichofthefollowingsituationsmakeyousad(S),happy(H),worried(W)orafraid(A)?Discussyourfeelingsingroups.,Yourfatherisillinb