M5U2_Grammar

浏阳三中英语组黎莉,GrammarandusageVerb-ing,Unit,2,Seeingisbelieving.(眼见为实)（主语、表语）Heoftenpracticesplayingthepianoattheweekend.（宾语）Heisinthewaitingroom.(定语),时态和语态(否定时，在doing前加not),1.TheteacherteachingusEnglishisMsZhou.（一般式）2.Havingfinishedtheirwork,theyhadarest.（完成式）3.Thelargebuildingbeingbuiltisalibrary.（被动语态）4.Havingbeenshowntheclassroom,weweretakentoseethelibrary.（被动完成式）,功能,定语,表语,宾语补足语,状语,1.定语,aninterestingbookboilingwaterthemansittingbythewindowthebridgebeingbuilt,现在分词用于名词前，用来修饰该名词，功能上相当于形容词；也可用于名词后，并可改写为定语从句。,ThegirlwritingalettertherecanspeakEnglishverywell.ThegirlwhoiswritingalettertherecanspeakEnglishverywell.,ThefactorymakingTVsetsisverylarge.ThefactorywhichmakesTVsetsisverylarge.,与不定式作定语的区别不定式作定语表示将要发生的动作。thehousebeingbuilt/tobebuilt正在被建/将要被建的房子,Recentlyasurvey_pricesofthesamegoodsintwodifferentsupermarketshascausedheateddebateamongcitizens.(2011江苏)A.comparedB.comparingC.comparesD.beingcompared解析：compare的动作是survey发出的，现在分词短语做后置定语。,B,2.表语,与过去分词作表语的区别凡表示“令人的”都是-ing形式，凡是表示“感到”都用-ed形式。,表示主语的特征,状态等,一般接在联系动词后面,interesting使人感兴趣的interested感兴趣的exciting令人激动的excited感到激动的delighting令人高兴的delighted感到高兴的disappointing令人失望的disappointed感到失望的encouraging令人鼓舞的encouraged感到鼓舞的pleasing令人愉快的pleased感到愉快的puzzling令人费解的puzzled感到费解的satisfying令人满意的satisfied感到满意的surprising令人惊异的surprised感到惊异的worrying令人担心的worried感到担心的,1.以后缀ed结尾的形容词通常用于说明人，不用于说明事物，即使它们所修饰的名词是事物，那它们指的也是与该事物相关的人。如：Hehadapleasedsmileonhisface.他脸上露出了满意的微笑。Hetoldmethenewsinaveryexcitedvoice.他声音很激动地告诉了我这个消息。原则上，-ed形容词通常直接用于说明人，若修饰事物，则多为air(神态),appearance(外貌),cry(哭声),face(表情),voice(声音),mood(情绪),mood(等显示某人的情感状况的名词。,2.以后缀-ing结尾的形容词主要用于说明事物，表示事物的性质或特征，若用它们说明人，则表示此人具有此性质或特征。如：Thestoryisveryinteresting.这个故事很有趣。Themanisveryinteresting.这个人很有趣。请再比较并体会以下句子：Heisfrightened.他很害怕。Heisfrightening.他很吓人。Hehasafrightenedlookonhisface.他脸上带有惊恐的神情。Hehasafrighteninglookonhisface.他脸上带有吓人的神情。,Iheardthegirlsingingintheclassroom.,Inoticedalongqueueoutsidethebankwaitingforittoopen.,3.宾补,Thebabywatchedhisdadshavinghisfacewithgreatinterest.,V-ing形式作宾语补足语置于宾语之后，表示一个正在进行的动作,V-ing形式作宾语补足语的常见动词：,find,keep,leave,see,watch,hear,notice,find,feel等。,Listen!Doyouhearsomeone_forhelp?（2010湖南）A.callingB.callC.tocallD.called解析：该空在句中为非谓语动词作宾补，根据someone与call的主动关系排除D项。hear后接不定式作宾补时应省略to，由此排除C项。由Listen可判断此处表示正在求救，故选A项。,高考真题,作状语1.作时间状语-ing短语作时间状语要置于句首。如：Hearingthebadnews,theycouldnthelpcrying.=Whentheyheardthebadnews,theycouldnthelpcrying.当听到这个不幸的消息时，他们情不自禁地哭了起来。,Havingreceivedhisletter,Idecidedtowriteback.=AfterIhadreceivedhisletter,Idecidedtowriteback.收到他的信后，我决定给他回信。,Dina,_formonthstofindajobasawaitress,finallytookapositionatalocaladvertisingagency.（2010湖南）A.strugglingB.struggledC.havingstruggledD.tostruggle解析：逻辑主语Dina与struggle为主动关系，故排除B项。由剧中的finally可知非谓语动词表示的动作发生在句中谓语tookaposition之前，故用现在分词的完成主动式。答案选C。,高考真题,2.作原因状语-ing短语作原因状语置于句首。如：Beingsoangry,hecouldntgotosleep.=Becausehewassoangry,hecouldntgotosleep.因为太生气了，他不能入睡。HavingbeentotheGreatWallmanytimes,hedidntgolastweek.=Because(As)hehadbeentotheGreatWallmanytimes,hedidntgolastweek.因为他已经去过长城许多次，上周他就没去。,Hehadawonderfulchildhood,_withhismothertoallcornersoftheworld.（2010安徽）A.travelB.totravelC.traveledD.traveling解析：主语（he）与动词travel之间存在主动关系，故用traveling作原因状语。答案选D。,高考真题,3.作结果状语（必然的，自然而然的结果）-ing作条件状语置于句首或句末。如：,Thefactorykeepsgivingoffsmoke,makingtheairdirty.=Thefactorykeepsgivingoffsmoke.Asaresult,theairisdirty.,1.Itrainedheavilyinthesouth,_seriousfloodinginseveralprovinces.（2010天津）A.causedB.havingcausedC.causingD.tocause解析：空格后seriousflooding是rainedheavily的后果，而且句子主语it和cause之间存在主动关系，所以此处要用动词的ing形式作结果状语。答案选C。,高考真题,4.作条件状语-ing作条件状语置于句首或句末。如：Workinghard,youwillsucceed.=Ifyouworkhard,youwillsucceed.如果你勤奋一点，你就会成功。Beinggivenmoreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.=Iftheyhadbeengivenmoreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.如果对这些树再多注意些，它们可能长得更好。,Sitdown,Emma.Youwillonlymakeyourselfmoretired,_onyourfeet.(2011北京)A.tokeepB.keepingC.havingkeptD.tohavekept解析：用现在分词表示一种条件，keep的动作是you发出的，二者之间没有动作的先后，所以不能用havingkept。,高考真题,5.作伴随状语置于句首或句末。如：Theycameintotheclassroom,singingandlaughing.=Theysangandlaughed;theycameintotheclassroom.他们又唱又笑地走进教室。,Whenworkinginthefactory,hewasanadvancedworker.=Whenheworkedinthefactory,hewasanadvancedworker.,注意：1.-ing短语与when,while,though,until,if等连词连用时，相当于这些连引导的一个从句。如：,Thoughwillingtoattendtheparty,herefusedtheinvitation.=Thoughhewaswillingtoattendtheparty,herefusedtheinvitation.WhilestayinginBeijing,hecametoseemetwice.=WhilehewasstayinginBeijing,hecametoseemetwice.,Ifplayingallday,youwillwasteyourvaluabletime.=Ifyouplayallday,youwillwasteyourvaluabletime.Thoughrainingheavily,itclearedupverysoon.=Thoughitwasrainingheavily,itclearedupverysoon.,2.动词-ing形式在句中作状语时，其逻辑主语与主句的主语保持一致。如：Hetraveledontheplanelikethis,keepingthetortoisehiddeninablanket.=Whenhetraveledontheplanelikethis,hekeptthetortoisehiddeninablanket.,高考链接1.Acookwillbeimmediatelyfiredifheisfound_inthekitchen.（NMET2003）smokeB.smokingC.tosmokeD.smoked.,点拨选B。he和smoke是逻辑上的主谓关系，所以用V-ing形式。该句中的“heisfound”是被动语态，还原成主动语态应该是“findhimsmoking”。,2.Weoftenprovideourchildrenwithtoys,footballsorbasketballs,_thatallchildrenlikethesethings.(2006全国卷III)A.thinkingB.thinkC.tothinkD.thought点拨选A。we与think之间是逻辑上的主谓关系。句子相当于：Weoftenprovideourchildrenwithtoys,footballsorbasketballs,becausewethinkthatallchildrenlikethesethings.,3.Whilewatchingtelevision,_.（2005全国卷II）AthedoorbellrangBthedoorbellringsCweheardthedoorbellringDweheardthedoorbellrings,点拨选C。由前面分词结构Whilewatchingtelevision可以看出：watchingtelevision是由人发出的动作，其主语应当是和主句的逻辑主语一致的，所以主句的主语应该是人。,4._theprogramme,theyhavetostaythereforanothertwoweeks.（广东2004）NotcompletingB.NotcompletedC.NothavingcompletedD.Havingnotcompleted,点拨选C。该句主语是they，和complete是逻辑上的主谓关系，所以用V-ing形式表示主