新版人教版八年级上英语3-4单元知识点.doc

新版人教版八年级上英语3-4单元知识点1,比较级,最高级变化规则 一般在词尾+ er或est；以e 结尾的加r或st；重读闭音节双写辅音字母+ er或est；辅音字母+y结尾的,改y为i+ er或est；多音节词和部分双音节词,加more或most。 不规则变化见书本P1142,比较级用法l 基本句型：主语+be+比较级+than+比较对象l 两者相比较用比较级 eg：Who do you think is more outgoing,Lily or Lucy？l Very,more,quite,so,too等修饰原级；much,a little,a lot,a bit,far ,even等修饰比较级 eg：Im much/ a little / a lot / a bit /far more outgoing than my sister. Im even worse now.l 不能与人或事物自身相比较eg：He is taller than any other student in his class. China is larger than any country in Africa.l 比较对象要一致（that代替不可数名词,those代替可数名词复数,所有格,ones）eg：The weather in Harbin is much colder than that in Wuhan. The students of Class One study harder than those of Class Two. My bike is newer than Toms.l 比较级中出现of the two/ twins结构时,adj比较级前要+the,不可用thanEg：Tom is the taller of the two brothers.l “ 比较级+and +比较级”表示“变得越来越”（多音节或部分双音节用“more and more+原级）Eg: It gets warmer and warmer Youre getting more and more beautiful.l “the+比较级,the+比较级”表示“越,就越”Eg: The more you exercise, the stronger you will be.l “Asas”中间接原级,表示“与一样”,否定为“not as/ soas”表示“不如”Eg: He is as tall as his father. He is not as/ so tall as his father.l “比较级+than”(more/ less +原级+than)与“not as/ soas”可以互换Eg: Im taller than you. Chinese is more important than Biology. Youre shorter than me. Biology is less important than Chinese Youre not as/ so tall as me. Biology is not as/ so important as Chinesel 比大/多/长/宽几倍,用“主语+be+times+比较级+than+比较对象”Eg: Our classroom is twice larger than yours.l 重几斤,高几公分,大几岁,用“主语+be+数量词+比较级+than+比较对象”Eg: Im six years older than you.3,loudly大声地,响亮地（多含噪音之意） aloud大声地,出声地（强调出声）read aloud call aloud for help loud大声地,高声地,常与speak,shout,laugh,talk连用 响亮的,大声的 loud voice4,fast强调速度快 run/ drive fast quickly强调动作、行动快 soon 强调时间间隔短5,n体育,书法,朗读,音乐等比赛 match 体育竞技比赛,球类比赛 race 速度方面的竞赛,赛跑,赛龙舟等6,win+比赛,奖项 beat+人,团队7,ago 以前,用于一般过去时,放在一段时间后 before 在以前,通常用于完成时,放在时间点或事件之前8,the same asbe different from be similar to =be like9,be good at+ V-ing=do well in 擅长于 be good for 对有益 （be bad for对有害） be good to 对友好 （good 可用friendly,nice,kind替换） be good with和相处好=get on/ along well with10,true/ truly 指故事、说法、答案等与标准事实、实际情况相符real/ really 指人或事客观存在,不是想象的11,take care of=look after照顾care for 照料、关心某人,喜欢某人、某物care about 关心,计较,在乎12,make sb do sthmake sb/ sth +adj make me happymake sb +n. We made him monitor.make sb +过去分词 She spoke aloud to make herself heard.make it 约定时间,做成某事,及时抵达 Lets make it at 10:00. Dont worry. Hell make it.13,both 位置：行前be 后both of them/ us=they/ we bothboth 作主语,谓语动词用复数not both为部分否定,全部否定要用eithernot或者neitherbothand=not onlybut（also） 否定为：neithernor14,be popular with sb受某人欢迎 be popular in/ at在某地受欢迎15,it is +adj+for sb +to do sth （adj修饰to do sth）It is important for me to learn English.it is +adj+of sb +to do sth （adj修饰sb） It is kind/ friendly/ nice of you to help me.16,bring out使显现出17,share sth with sb和某人分享18,other “其他的,另外的”,后接名词复数,有时other+n复数=othersanother “又一（个）,另一（个）”,泛指总数为三个或三个以上中的任意一个,后接名词单数。the other“（两者中的）另一个”,常与one连用,“onethe other”表示“一个,另一个”19,heart learn sth by heart用心记 lose heart灰心20,break the law/ rules/ world record违法/违规/打破世界纪录Break off 打断 break away from摆脱,脱离 break into破门而入 break in插嘴Break down出故障 break out爆发 break up散火 break ones words食言Have a break/ rest休息会儿21,laugh发笑 laugh at 嘲笑 Smile微笑 smile at对微笑22,定语从句：在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。引导定语从句的词称为关系词。关系词位于先行词和定语从句之间,起联系作用,同时又作定语从句的一个成分。定语从句的关系词引导定语的关系代词有：that, who (whom, whose), which; 关系副词（在定语从句中只能作状语,且不能省略）有：when, where, why等。关系词的选择主要取决于两个因素：(1)先行词是什么(2)先行词在定语从句中作什么成分。关系代词（that,who,which,whose,whom）引导的定语从句。that/ who在从句中作主语,先行词为人。Eg：The girl that/ who is reading is my sister.that/ which在从句中作主语或宾语,先行词为物。 Eg：The book that/ which is on the desk belongs to Tom.(主) He came back for the book that/ which he had forgotten.（宾）whose在从句中作定语,先行词为人或物。 Eg：This is the pencil whose point is broken. That is the girl whose mother died two years ago.whom/ that在从句中作宾语,先行词为人。 Eg：The girl whom/ that I spoke to is my cousin.关系副词（when/ where/ why）引导的定语从句。When在从句中作时间状语,其先行词是表示时间的词（day/ year/ season等）。例如：我永远不会忘记我入团的那一天。I shall never forget the day_I joined the League.解放军战士在人们最需要的时刻来到。Where在定语从句中作地点状语,其先行词是表示地点的词（place/ town/ home/ house）例如：你还记得我们初次见面的地方吗？Do you still remember the place _we first met?近来你去过你成长的小城吗？Have you been to the town _ you grew up recently?Why在从句中作原因状语,其先行词是reason。例如：没有人知道他为什么上学总迟到。Nobody knows the reason _ he is often late for school23,call sb at +电话号码24,information【UC】通过学习、阅读、观察等得到的信息、情报、资料（侧重内容）news【UC】 广播、电视等报道的新闻、消息（强调新鲜、及时）a piece of newsmessage【C】 口信、短信、信息（强调传递）take a message for sb leave a message to sb25,who do you think should get the job？=in your opinion,who should get the job？Unit 4 Whats the best movie theater？1， 最高级的用法 用于三者或三者以上的比较 eg：Which do you like best,Chinese,Math or English？ “one of+最高级+n.复数”表示“最之一”Eg：Lu Xun is one of the greatest writers last century. “the +序数词+最高级+n.单数+范围”表示“在范围内是第几”Eg：Hainan is the second largest island in China. 先行词被最高级或序数词修饰,只能用that引导定语从句Eg：My cousin is the funniest person（that） I know. This is the first letter（that）I received from my sister. Of all +n.复数；of the +数（3）+ n.复数；in/ at+地点2， Comfort v.使舒适,安慰 舒适的( 舒适地3， Voice嗓音（说话声、歌声、笑声、鸟鸣声） in a low voice小声地Noise杂音Sound任何可以听到的声音4， be close to靠近5， choose-chose choose from从中选择 choose to do sth选择做某事6， Can I ask you some/ a few questions?7， W+地点8， So far= until now= up to now至今为止9， Around/ near here= in the neighborhood10,thanks for +n/ V-ingThanks for your help/ thanks for helping me.Thanks for your invitation/ thanks for inviting/ asking me.Thank you/ Thanks No problem/ Yous all right/ Not at all/ Its a pleasure/ My pleasure/ Thats OK.11,talent n.天资,才能 talented adj.有天赋的 (untalented)Have a talent for (doing) sth. 对（做）某事有天赋12,around the world= all over the world13,have 有相同特征 同一样14,Kind of 相当于副词,修饰形容词或副词,意为“稍微,有点”,与a little/ bit 相近A kind of 意为“一种”,some kinds of 意为“几种”,different kinds of意为“不同种类的”,all kinds of 意为“各种各样的”。这里的