跨文化交际c1ppt课件

.,IntroductiontoInterculturalCommunication,Chapter1,.,Selfintroductionpageofthecourseleader,Prof.ZhuXiaoshu(Ph.D.)UniversityofInternationalBusinessandEconomics/zhuxiaoshu,.,Yourfinalgradecomponents,Attendance10%Assignments30%Finalexam60%,.,Questionsonthecourseparticipants,Ifyouwereaskedtodefineculture,whatdefinitionwouldyougive?Haveyouthoughtofthepossibledifferencebetweencross-culturalofinterculturalcommunication?Haveyouhadanymisunderstandingswithforeignteachersandstudents,withwhomyouhavecontact?Whydoweneedtostudyinterculturalcommunication?,.,Interculturalcommunicationskillsareessentialforpeopletoday,Theliteratureininternationalbusinessisfilledwithexamplesofinterculturalmiscommunicationandblunders,whichshowtheresultsofmiscalculating-orsimplyignoring-theculturaldimensionofinternationalbusiness.Moreandmorepeoplehavecometorealizetheculturalimpactandpossiblenegativeconsequencesthatcomefrominappropriatecommunicationsduringinternationaltransactions.,.,Theobjectivesofthiscourse,Toidentifyandanalyzeculturaldifferencessoastoavoidsuchkindsofmisunderstandingininternationalcommunication.Toprovideaframeworkforunderstandingoffactorsthatinfluenceinterculturalcommunication.Tohelpyoudevelopeffectivestrategiesindealingwithpotentialculturalconflictsandimproveyourinterculturalcommunicativecompetence.,.,DefiningInterculturalCommunication(ICC),ThetermfirstusedbyEdwardT.Hallin1959andissimplydefinedasinterpersonalcommunicationbetweenmembersofdifferentcultures.ICCcanincludeinternational,interethnic,interracial,andinterregionalcommunication.,.,Internationalcommunication,Communicationtakesplacebetweennationsandgovernmentsratherthanindividuals.Itisquiteformalandritualized.DialogueattheUN.DialoguebetweenChineseChairmanandAmericanpresident.,.,Interethniccommunication,Communicationbetweenpeopleofthesameracebutdifferentethnicbackgrounds.CommunicationbetweenaTibetanandaHan,.,Interracialcommunication,Itoccurswhenthesourceandthereceiverexchangingmessagesarefromdifferentraceswhichpertainstophysicalcharacteristic.Itmayormaynotbeintercultural.CommunicationbetweenwhitesandblacksintheU.S.,.,Interregionalcommunication,Theexchangeofmessagesbetweenmembersofthedominantculturewithinacountry.Theysharecommonmessagesandexperiencesoveralongperiodoftime,butliveindifferentregionsofthesamecountry.Interactionbetweensouthernersandnortherners.,.,Thefeaturesofinterculturalcommunication,Itisauniversalphenomenon.Itoccurseverywhereintheworld.Ifyouarereceivingmessagesfromanotherculture,youareinvolvedinICC.Communicationsbetweencultureshasbeengoingonforthousandsofyears.SilkroadInterculturalcommunicationisacommondailyoccurrence.Foreigntravelers,overseasstudents,.,FourcrucialdevelopmentsthatcontributetotherapidincreaseofICC,ImprovementsintransportationtechnologyDevelopmentsincommunicationtechnologyChangesinmassmigrationpatternsGlobalizationoftheworldeconomy,.,Internationalbusiness,Multinationalcorporationsannualsalesarecompatibletoorgreaterthantheyearlygrossdomesticproductofmostcountries.Chinasshareoftheworldtradehasgrownmorerapidlywithitstradevolumerankedthe3rdintheworld.Ofthetop500worldenterprises,almost450havecometoChinaforinvestment.,.,ICCisbecomingincreasinglyimportant,Globalizationoftheworldseconomywillchallengevirtuallyallbusinesspersonstobecomemoreinternationallyawareandintellectuallyadept.ThemajorchangesinChinassocietyreinforcethefactthatinterculturalcommunicationisbecomingadailyoccurrenceandisbecomingincreasinglyimportant.,.,EdwardHallthefounderofICC,EdwardHallconceptualizedthisnewfieldofICCintheearly1950s.TheSilentLanguage(Hall,1959)isconsideredtheclassicfundamentalbookofICCstudy.,.,ICChascontinuedtoprosperintheU.S.because,ThecountryisalandofimmigrantsfrommanydiverseculturesTherearethousandsofnewimmigrantsenteringthecountryeveryyearTheU.S.haslargenumbersofforeignstudentsandtouristsTheAmericaninvolvementintheglobaleconomy,.,ThedevelopmentofICC,ThisnewfieldofstudyoriginatedintheU.S.inthelate1950s.Itgainedacceptancethroughtrainingandtestingpracticeinthe1960sand1970s.Itformeditsbasisframeworkinthelate1970s.Ithasmadegreatachievementsintheoryandpracticeeversincethe1980sbothinsideandoutsideoftheU.S.Today,ICCiswidelyacknowledgedandextensivelyresearchedinallpartsoftheworld.,.,ICCstudiesinChina,ICCwasfirstlyintroducedintoChinaduringtheearly1980sbysomeEnglishteachers.HuWenzhong,aleadingscholarofICCinChinaThe5thInternationalConferenceonCross-culturalCommunicationwasheldinHarbin,ChinaChinaAssociationforInterculturalCommunicationwasestablishedin1995.,.,ICCstudyinChinagrewfromacademicinteresttotheoreticalresearchandpracticalimplementation,Verbalcommunicationtherelationshipbetweenlanguageandculture:vocabulary,syntax,pragmaticrules,discoursepatternsandtranslationNon-verbalcommunicationComparativestudyofcustomsandbehaviorpatternsinChinaandothercountriesCulturaldifferencesinbusinessmanagementTraditionalChinesevalueorientationsandtheirimpactonmodernization,etc.,.,ThemultidisciplinarynatureofICC,L-linguisticsandlanguageA-AnthropologyP-PsycholinguisticsandPsychologyS-SociolinguisticsandSociologyE-EducationandEnglishC-CommunicationstudiesC-CulturalStudies,.,ElementsofICCstudy,Physicaltime,environment,comfortandneeds,andphysicalmediumCultural-ethnic,religious,andsocialdifferencesPerceptual-viewingwhatissaidfromyourownmindsetMotivational-thelistenersmentalinertiaExperiential-lackofsimilarlifehappeningsEmotional-personalfeelingsofthelistenerLinguistic-differentlanguagesspokenNonverbalCompetition-abilitytodootherthingsincommunication,.,“stumblingblocks”inICC,Assumingmoreculturalsimilaritiesthanthereactuallyare.LanguagedifferencesareoftenasourceofmisunderstandingsMisinterpretingeachothersnon-verbalcommunicationHavingstereotypesandpreconceptionsabout“foreignersEvaluatingwhatforeignersdoandsaybeforeunderstandingwhattheymeanHavingfeelingsofanxietyandstressinICC,whichmayleadtoinaccurateconclusions.,.,PotentialproblemsinICC,AvoidanceoftheunfamiliarUncertaintyreductionWithdrawalStereotypingPrejudiceRacismMisuseofpowerCultureshockethnocentrism,.,StereotypeshamperICC,Theyarerootedinyourcompulsiontomakein-groupandout-groupdistinctions.Theyareoversimplified,over-generalizedorex