现在完成时48132ppt课件

.,Grammarandusage,Presentperfecttense,.,结构：肯定：have/hasdone否定：have/hasnotdone疑问：Has/Have+主语+done简略答语:Yes,主语+have/has.(肯定)No,主语+havent/hasnt.(否定)被动：has/havebeendone,.,注意：1)现在完成时不能单独与过去的时间状语连用,如yesterday,lastweek,threeyearsago等;2)不能与when连用3).现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用,.,用法一：表示(不确定的)过去发生的动作对现在产生影响或造成结果。,Ihavealreadylostthekey.(我现在没有钥匙)Ihaventreadthatbookyet.(不了解书的内容)Ihavejustcleanedmyhands.(手是干净的),常与already(已经),yet(已经),just(刚刚),ever(曾经)never(从不)，recently(最近),lately(近来)等词连用.,already:常用于肯定句中.yet:常用于否定句,疑问句尾.,.,注意：just:刚刚，与现在完成时连用justnow:刚才，与一般过去时连用e.g.IhavejustboughtapenIboughtapenjustnow.,.,用法二:表示从过去开始并持续到现在的动作或状态，也可能继续持续下去，只能用于某些延续性动词，常与for,since,或和表示从过去某时到现在这段时间的时间状语（如:sofar,uptonow,inthelastfewyears/days等）连用。,ShehaslearnedEnglishfor5years.HehaslivedinBeijingsincehewasborn.HashelivedinShenzhenfor4years?,.,since:(自以来)1)since+时间点Hehasstayedheresince5oclock.2)since+时间段+agoHehasstayedheresince5hoursago.3)since+从句ShehastaughtEnglishsincehecamehere.for:(长达）for+时间段Hehaskeptthebookfor2weeks.,since,for的用法:,Takenotes,.,用for或since填空,Mr.BrownhashadhisTV_15years.Ivetakendrivinglessons_lastmonth.Mysisterhashadhercellphone_amonth.Myfriendshaventvisitedme_mybirthday.Wehaventusedourcar_alongtime.Shehasnthadagoodcupofcoffee_years.Tomhaswornglasses_hewas7yearsold.,for,since,for,since,for,for,since,.,注意：瞬间动词在肯定句中不能与for，since等表示一段时间的时间状语连用,延续性动词表示能够延续的动作，这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响。如：learn,work,stand,lie,know,walk,keep,have,wait,watch,sing,read,sleep,live,stay等。瞬间动词也称非延续性动词、终止性动词或短暂性动词，表示不能延续的动作，这种动作发生后立即结束。如：open,close,finish,begin,come,go,arrive,reach,getto,leave,die,borrow,buy等。,.,当现在完成时+一段时间注意：1)TomhasstudiedRussianforthreeyears.=TombegantostudyRussianthreeyearsago,andisstillstudyingitnow.2)(错)Harryhasgotmarriedforsixyears.=Harrybegantogetmarriedsixyearsago,andisstillgettingmarriednow.改为:Harrygotmarriedsixyearsago.或Harryhasbeenmarriedforsixyears.,.,误,Ihavereceivedhisletterfortwodays.,正,Ireceivedhislettertwodaysago.Ihavehadhisletterfortwodays.ItistwodayssinceIreceivedhisletter.,*瞬间动词在否定句中则可以与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。,Ihaventreceivedhisletterforalongtime.,Hehasntmarriedsincehebrokeupwithhisgirlfriend.,.,动作,die,beover,leave,arrive,begin,end/finish,join,marry,beaway,behere,beon(上演）,bemarried,bein,bedead,由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换,.,1.have代替buyMybrotherhashad(不能用hasbought)thisbikeforalmostfouryears.2、用keep或have代替borrowIhavekept(不能用haveborrowed)thebookforquiteafewdays.3、用be替代becomeHowlonghasyoursisterbeenateacher?4、用haveacold代替catchacoldTomhashadacoldsincethedaybeforeyesterday.5、用wear代替puton,.,b)用“be形容词”代终止性动词1、bemarried代marry2、beill代fall(get)ill4、beasleep代fall(get)asleep5、beawake代wake/wakeup7、beopen代open8、beclosed代close/shut9、bemissing(gone,lost)代lose,.,用法三：表示一个过去发生的动作到现在为止已完成或刚刚完成。Nowwehaveplantedallthetrees.Hehasturnedoffthelight.Uptonow,theprogramhassavedthousandsofchildren.A:“Wouldyoulikesomethingtoeat?”B:“No,thanks.Ivejusthadlunch.”,.,Allofushaveheardthismanytimes.IhavevisitedBeijingthreetimes.Youdontneedtodescribeher;Ihavemetherseveraltimes.,用法四：表示过去发生的一次或多次的动作，一般汉语译为“过”，常带有once，twice,threetimes等频度时间状语,.,特殊句型：,1.Itis+时间段since+一般过去时的句子.,他的爷爷已经去世2年了。Nick参军3年了.他离开深圳好长时间了。这本书我已借了4个月了.,Itis2yearssincehisgrandpadied.,Itis3yearssinceNickjoinedthearmy.,ItisalongtimesinceheleftShenzhen.,Itis4monthssinceIborrowedthebook.,.,句型二:This/Itisthefirst/second等序数词time+that从句(谓语动词用现在完成时),ItsthefirsttimethatMissLiuhasbeentoTaojiang.,句型三：It/This/Thatisthe最高级+名词that从句（谓语动词用现在完成时）,ItsthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.,.,have/hasgonetowell.changed;good.haschanged;better.changed;better6、ZhaoLan_already_inthisschoolfortwoyears.was;studying.will;study.has;studied.are;studying,.,7、We_XiaoLisinceshewasalittlegirl.know.hadknown.haveknown.knew8、HarryPotterisaverynicefilm.I_ittwice.willsee.haveseen.saw.see,.,9、ThesefarmershavebeentotheUnitedStates.Really?When_there?.willtheygo.didtheygo.dotheygo.havetheygone10、_you_yourhomeworkyet?Yes.I_itamomentago.Did;do;finished.Have;done;finished.Have;done;havefinished.will;do;finish,.,11、Hisfather_thePartysince1978.joined.hasjoined.wasin.hasbeenin12、Doyouknowhimwell?Sure.We_friendssincetenyearsago.were.havebeen.havebecome.havemade,.,13、Howlonghaveyou_here?Ae.arrived14、Hurryup!Theplay_fortenminutes.hasbegun.hadbegun.hasbeenon.began,.,15、It_tenyearssinceheleftthearmy.is.has.will.was16、MissGreenisntintheoffice.she_tothelibrary.hasgone.went.willgo.hasbeen,.,17、Myparents_Shandongfortenyears.havebeenin.havebeento.havegoneto.havebeen18、Thestudentshavecleanedtheclassroom,_?A.sotheyB.donttheyC.havetheyD.haventthey,.,19、_hasMrWhitebeenamemberofGreenerChinasincehe_toChina?A.Howsoon,comesB.Howoften,gotC.Howlong,cameD.Howfar,arrived20、Hisuncle_formorethan9years.A.hascomehereB.hasstartedtoworkC.haslivedthereD.haslefttheuniversity,.,Grammarandusage,Presentperfectcontinuoustense,.,Structure:现在完成进行时由have(has)+been+doing构成,1.Thetelephonehasbeenringingforalmostaminute.Whydoesntsomeoneanswerit?电话响了差不多一分钟,为什么没人接?2.Theweatherhasbeenchangeablelately;Ivebeenhavingalotofcolds.最近天气变化无常,我时常感冒。,.,Usages,用法一：从以前到现在这一段时间里一直在进行的动作，可能仍在进行，也可能已停止。e.g.1.IthasbeenrainingsincelastMonday.自上周一以来就一直在下雨。2.Shesbeenwatchingtelevisionallday.她看了整整一天电视。,.,用法二：表示一个从过去某时开始的动作一直延续到说话时刚结束。,Wherehaveyoubeen?Wehavebeenlookingforyoueverywhere.,.,Sorry.Haveyoubeenwaitinglong?,Ihavebeenwaitingforanhour.,.,用法三：表示过去刚刚完成的动作，对现在有联系或影响。,1.Ivebeentypinglettersallday.（Iamverytired.）一整天都在打信件。（我太累了。）2.Susanhasbeencrying.（Susanseyesarered.）苏姗一直在哭。（眼睛都哭红了。）,.,Practice:HowIwishIcouldbringsomelaughtertomystudentswho_sohard.willworkB.hadworkedC.havebeenworkingD.wereworking2.Isntithardtodrivedowntowntowork?-Yes,thatswhyI_toworkbytrain.havegoneB.havebeengoingC.wasgoingD.willhavegone,.,现在完成进行时和现在完成时的比较:,Note1:两者都可表示延续至今的状态,但现在完成进行时强调动作的持续性；而现在完成时着重说明一个事实。A.TheyhavelivedinNewYork.他们住在巴黎。B.TheyhavebeenlivinginNewYork.他们一直住在巴黎。,.,Note2:现在完成时强调结果和影响；现在完成进行时强调动作仍在进行。1.Ivecleanedthewindows.我把窗户擦干净了。2.Ivebeencleaningthewindows.我一直在擦窗户。(可能窗户尚未擦完),.,Sheisstillreadingthebook.,LiJiahasbeenreadingabookaboutStonehenge.,.,LiJiahasreadabookaboutStonehenge.,Shefinishedreadingthebook.Sheknowsthecontentofthebooknow.,.,Howmanytimeshaveyouswuminthelake?,Howlonghaveyoubeenswimminginthelake?,Note3:现在完成时表示动作重复的次数，提问时用howmanytimes;而现在完成进行时则表示持续的不间断的动作，提问时用howlong.,.,IhavevisitedEgypttwicethismonth.,IhavebeentouringEgyptfortwomonths.,.,Note4:某些不用于进行时的状态动词也不能用于现在完成进行时。,静态动词则主要指表示情感、相互关系、内心活动、感觉等的动词：如exist，be,have,mean,seem,sound,belong,contain,concerns,hate,dislike,like,love,prefer,surprise,satisfy等。,.,Iamlovingyou.2.HeisntbelievinginHoward.3.Themeatistastingdelicious.4.Tomishavingseveralshirts.,TrueorFalse,.,注意：never,yet,already,everandonce,twice等频率时间状语不能用于现在完成进行时。,.,高考链接,Imsorry,butIdontquitefollowyou.DidyousaythatyouwanttoreturnonSeptember20?Sorry,I_myselfclear.WewanttoreturnonOctober20.(2010北京)A.hadntmadeB.wouldntmakeC.dontmakeD.haventmade,.,2.EveryyearafloodoffarmersarriveinShenzhenforthemoney-makingjobsthey_beforeleavingtheirhometowns.(2010福建)A.promisedB.werepromisedC.havepromisedD.havebeenpromised,.,3.Thebookhasbeentranslatedintothirtylanguagesinceit_onthemarketin1973.(2010重庆)A.hadcomeB.hascomeC.cameD.comes,.,5.Imtiredout.I_allafternoonandIdontseemtohavefinishedanything.(2010湖南)A.shoppedB.haveshoppedC.hadshoppedD.havebeenshopping,.,考例1-_you_himaroundthemuseumyet?-Yes.Wehadagreattimethere.A.Have；shownB.Do；showC.Had；shownD.Did；show点拨此句强调过去发生的动作对现在的影响，即：是否已经带他参观了博物馆。,.,考例2We_ournewneighborsyet,sowedontknowtheirnames.A.dontmeetB.wontmeetC.haventmetD.hadntmet点拨此句表示发生在过去的动作对现在造成的影响。,.,考例1Ihavegotaheadache.Nowonder.You_infrontofthatcomputertoolong.A.workB.areworkingC.havebeenworkingD.worked点拨由语境可以看出work动作开始于过去，持续到现在，对现在还有影响，且含有责备的口吻，所以用现在完成进行时。,.,考例2CathyistakingnotesofthegrammaticalrulesinclassatSunshineSchool,whereshe_Englishforayear.A.studiesB.studiedC.isstudyingD.hasbeenstudying点拨句意：凯茜正在阳光学校的课堂上做语法笔记，她一直在那里学英语，到现在已经一年了。,.,Note5:现在完成时通常只陈述事实，而现在完成进行时还可表示一种感情色彩。,Ihavewaitedfortwohours.我等了两小时。（陈述事实）Ihavebeenwaitingfortwohours.我等了两个小时。（等得好辛苦）,.,Note6:静态动词通常不能用于现在完成进行时中,现在完成进行时通常只用动态动词;现在完成时两者皆可用。,Theyvebeenmarriedfortwentyyears.他们结婚已二十年了。Thewarhaslastedforalongtime.这场战争持续了很长时间。,.,1.动态动词主要指动作动词，如give，take，work，run等；2.而静态动词则主要指表示情感、内心活动、感觉、相互关系等的动词：如know，li