《英语复合句》复习ppt课件

.,MainlyRevisionofJuniorEnglish,JuniorThree,ComplexSentences,.,TheComplexSentencesinJuniorEnglish:,初中英语教材中涉及到的复合句主要有：TheObjectClause(宾语从句)、TheAdverbialClause(状语从句)和TheAttributiveClause(定语从句)。其它诸如主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句等形式的复合句尽管在教材中也有出现，但在中考中没有被列为重点考查范围。,.,.TheObjectClause(宾语从句)宾语从句是主从复合句的一种。宾语从句是英语中用来充当宾语的句子。带有宾语从句的那个句子叫主句。宾语从句一般由“引导词+主语+谓语+其它”构成，其语序是陈述句语序。,.,重点和难点1、由不同引导词引导的宾语从句2、直接引语和间接引语3、宾语从句中时态的变化,.,不同引导词引导的宾语从句,由从属连词that引导的宾语从句,由连接代词Who,whom,whose,which，what和连接副词where,how,why,when引导的宾语从句,由从属连词whether,if引导的宾语从句,.,A)Introducedbythat主句的谓语动词是say,think,tell,know,hear,see,feel,mean,hope,wish,remember,forget等时，或主句的谓语动词是由形容词afraid,glad,sure,sorry等作表语的系表结构时，后面常接that引导的宾语从句。e.g.Hesaysthathewantstospeaktotheheadmaster.Imsorry(that)heisnthererightnow.,.,Note:1.that的省略：that引导的宾语从句用来陈述事实，that本身无词义，在从句中不作任何成分，在口语中或非正式文体中常常可被省略。e.g.Iguess(that)somebodyelsehasborrowedit.Imafraid(that)youllhavetowait.2.宾语从句的否定转移：主句是I/Wethink/suppose/guess/believe等时，从句中的否定习惯上要转移到主句中。如：我认为鸡不会游泳。误：Ithinkchickenscannotswim.正：Idontthinkchickenscanswim.此外，上述情况在变成反意疑问句时，附加疑问句要看从句，如果主句的主语不是第一人称，则附加疑问句要看主句。试比较：Ithinkheiswrong,isnthe?Hethinksheisright,doesnthe?,.,e.g.Ihear(that)_.（一小时后他会回来）Hesaid(that)_.（他非常想念我们）Theteachertoldus(that)_.（地球围着太阳转）,hewillbebackinanhour,hemissedusverymuch,theearthmovesaroundthesun,Back,.,Back,C)Introducedbyrelativepronounsandadverbs（连接代词和连接副词）一、构成：1.1.宾语从句可由连接代词what,who,whom,which等引导，它们在宾语从句中可作主语、宾语、表语和定语等，因此不能省略。Doyouknowwhowillcomethisafternoon?(作主语)Didyouhearwhathesaid?（作宾语）Idontknowwhosethatis.（作表语）Couldyoutellmewhichgatewehavetogoto?（作gate的定语）2.宾语从句可由连接副词when,where,how,why等引导，它们在宾语从句中作状语，不可省略。Wedidntknowwhenshewouldcomeback.CouldyoutellmehowIcangettothepostoffice?Nooneknowswhysheislateagain.,.,由连接代词what,whom,whose,which,what及连接副词when,where,how,why引导的宾语从句,whocouldanswerthequestion,whomtheyarewaitingfor,whosehandwritingwasthebestintheclass,Whichissmaller,theearthorthemoon?,Whenwewillhavethemeeting,wherehis,howIcangettothestation,whythetrainislate,Back,.,Back,B)Introducedbyif/whetherif/whether都可作宾语从句的引导词，意为“是否”，在一般情况下可以互换。if多用于口语和非正式文体中，whether则多用于比较正式的文体中。如：e.g.Sheaskedmeif/whetherIcouldhelpherwithherEnglish.Idontknowif/whetheritisgoingtorain.,.,Back,Note:只用whether的五种情况：1.在介词后Imthinkingofwhetherweshouldgofishing.2.与ornot连用时Idontknowwhethertheywillcometohelpusornot.3.在动词discuss或者其他介词后面的宾语从句中Wediscussedwhetherwewouldhaveasportsmeetingnextweek.4.宾语从句提前时只能用whetherWhetherthisistrueornot,Icantsay.5.whether后可以接动词不定式Wedontknowwhethertogotheretomorrow.,.,由从属连词whether,if引导的宾语从句,e.g.1.Iwanttoknow_.（他是否跟我们一起去公园）2.Askhim_.（他是否能来）3.Idontknow_.（是否要下雨）,if(whether)hewillgototheparkwithus,whether(if)hecancome,whetheritisgoingtorainornot,Back,.,直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系,陈述句变为引导的宾语从句,e.g.1.Hesaid,“YouareyoungerthanI”.2.Hesays,“Tomisagoodstudent”.,HesaidthatIwasyoungerthanhim.,HesaysthatTomisagoodstudent.,.,直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系,一般疑问句变为if(whether)引导的宾语从句,e.g.Shesaid,“Doyouoftencomeheretoreadnewspaper?”“WilltheygotovisittheGreatWall?”heasked.,Sheaskedif(whether)Ioftencameheretoreadnewspaper.,Heaskedif(whether)theywouldgovisittheGreatWall.,.,直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系,e.g.1.Heasked,“Wheredoyoulive?”2.“Howcanwegettothepost-office?”heasked.,HeaskedwhereIlived.,Heaskedhowtheycouldgettothepost-office.,.,直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系,1、当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时或一般将来时，宾语从句的谓语动词可以用所需要的任何一种时态。2、当主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，宾语从句的谓语动词要用相应的过去时态，但当宾语从句叙述的内容为客观真理时，仍然用一般现在时。e.g.Theteachersaidthatthemoonmovesaroundthesun.,注意：,Back,.,四、宾语从句的时态主句中谓语动词是一般现在时，从句中谓语动词的时态不受限制，可根据具体情况选用适当的时态；主句谓语动词是一般过去时，从句中也必须要用某种过去时态，以保持时态的前后呼应。特别要注意的是当宾语从句表示的是客观真理、科学原理、自然现象、名言时，则用一般现在时，不受主句时态的限制。试比较：Hesaysthathewantstoseehimassoonaspossible.Hesaidthathewantedtoseehimassoonaspossible.Tomsaysthatheismendinghiscar.Tomsaidthathewasmendinghiscar.Theteachertoldusthattheearthgoesroundthesun.,.,二、难点：1.避免重复出现连接代词或连接副词；e.g.*Icantseethatwhatisoverthere.（应去掉that）2.从句中的语序为陈述语序；e.g.*Doyouknowhowoldisshe?(应改为：howoldsheis)3.从句中的时态与主句时态前后呼应。e.g.*Shedidnttellmewhenshewillcome.(应改为：whenshewouldcome),.,三、转换：1)由连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句可用疑问代词和疑问副词动词不定式替代，进行句型上的转换。Ivenoideawhatweregoingtodonext.=Ivenoideawhattodonext.CouldyoutellmehowIcangettothepostoffice?=Couldyoutellmehowtogettothepostoffice?,.,三、转换：1）find,think等动词后面的宾语从句也可以用复合宾语（即宾语+宾语补足语）来代替。,Hefoundthatitwasdifficulttofallasleepbecauseofthenoiseupstairs.=Hefounditdifficulttofallasleepbecauseofthenoiseupstairs.,.,Theradiosaysit_cloudytomorrow.(be)Theheadmasterhopeseverything_well.(go)Tomsaysthatthey_(play)basketballatsixoclockyesterdayevening.Ihearthey_(return)italready.Hesaidthatthey_membersofthePartysince1948.(be)Heaskedwhatthey_ateightlastnight.(do)Theteachertoldhisclassthatlight_fasterthansound.(travel)Ithinkyou_abouttherelayracenow.(talk)Ididntknowwhomtheletters_from.(be),willbe,goes,wereplaying,hasreturned,hadbeen,travels,aretalking,were,weredoing,.,10.Ididntknowwhattimehe_theletter.(write)11.MissWangtoldmethattheearth_(move)roundtheearth.12.Couldyoutellmewho_awaythebookalready?(take)13.LingFengtoldmehe_toseveraltimes.(be)14.Ourteachertoldusinclassthesun_intheeast.(rise)15.Canyoutellmewhatthey_yesterday?(do),wrote,moves,hastaken,hasbeen,rises,did,.,将下列句子合并为一句:1.Wheredotheystopontheway?Iasked.2.Whatwillyouspeakatthemeeting?Couldyoutellme?3.Dotheyliketomakefriendswithus?Heasked.4.“Iamdoingmyhomework.”Hesaid.5.“Iwillcomeback.”Tomsaid.6.“Ishedoinghishomework?”Jimasked.,Iaskedwheretheystoppedontheway.,Couldyoutellmewhatyouwillspeakatthemeeting?,Heaskediftheylikedtomakefriendswiththem.,Hesaidthathewasdoinghishomework.,Tomsaidthathewouldcomeback.,Jimaskedifhewasdoinghishomework.,.,7.“Whenwillhecomeback?”Tomasked.8.“HowcanIgettothestation?”Couldyoutellme?9.“Whyisthetrainlate?”Wouldyoutellme?10.“WhereisTom?”Theyasked.,Tomaskedwhenhewouldcomeback.,CouldyoutellmehowIcangettothestation?,Wouldyoutellmewhythetrainislate?,TheyaskedwhereTomwas.,.,.TheAttributiveClause(定语从句),在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后，对其先行词起限定作用。ThisisTom.Tomgaveusatalkyesterday.-ThisisTomwho(that)gaveusatalkyesterday.先行词定语从句引导定语从句的关系代词有：who,whom,whose,that,which引导定语从句的关系副词有：where,when,why,.,一、who,whom,whose引导的定语从句,1.who在从句中作主语，不可省略，它所引导的定语从句所修饰的先行词必须是人。e.g.Thisisthedoctorwhocameheryesterday.,2.whom在从句中作宾语，它所引导的定语从句所修饰的先行词必须是人，可以省略。e.g.Theman(whom)yousawlastweekhasleftthetown.,.,注意：在从句中作介词宾语时，介词一般可放在whom之前，也可放在原来的位置上。在含有介词的固定动词词组中介词只能放在原来的位置上。e.g.a)ThemanfromwhomIborrowedthebookisLiLei.=ThemanwhomIborrowedthebookfromisLiLei.(前句中的whom不可省略，后句中的whom可省略)b)Thegirlwhomheistakingcareofisill.(takecareof是固定词组),.,3.whose在从句中作定语，表示所属关系，其所修饰的先行词既可是人也可是物。e.g.Iknowthewomanwhosehusbandisadoctor.Helivesinthehousewhosewindowfacessouth.,.,二、that,which引导的定语从句,这两个代词均指物，它们所引导的定语从句所修饰的先行词是物,通常情况下，它们可以互换。1.that,which在从句中作主语，不可省略。e.g.Heroisthefilmthat/whichwasdirectedbyZhangYimou.2.that,which在从句中作宾语，可以省略。e.g.Isthisthefilm(that/which)youtalkedaboutlastweek?注意：关系代词在作介词宾语时，只能用which且不能省略。e.g.Thehouseinwhichheoncelivedisameeting-room.=Thehouse(which)heoncelivedinisameeting-room.,.,知识拓展：,引导定语从句的关系代词that和which，在一般情况下，尽管可以互换使用，但在下列情况下，只能用that，而不用which：,1.先行词是复合不定代词everything,anything,nothing等时。e.g.Shedidntforgetanything(that)hermotherhadtoldhertobuy.,2.先行词被序数词或thelast修饰时。e.g.Thisisthefirsttextbook(that)Istudiedintheprimaryschool.Heisinthelastrowthatisnexttothewindow.,3.先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。e.g.Thatisthehighestbuilding(that)Ihaveeverseen.,.,4.先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame等修饰时。e.g.Thisistheverynovel(that)youwanttoborrow.,5.先行词是或被all,no,some,any,little,much等修饰时，e.g.Ivewrittendownall(that)theteacherdoesntallowustodo.Theyhaventgotanydictionaries(that)weneed.,6.先行词既包含人又包含物时。e.g.Hetoldusmanyinterestingthingsandpersons(that)wehadneverheard.,.,7.主句是以who,which引导的特殊疑问句时。e.g.Whoistheman(that)youspoketojustnow?Whichisthebookthatwasstolenbyhim?,8.先行词是主句的表语或关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。e.g.Chinaisnolongerthecountry(that)itusedtobe.,.,三、关系副词where,when,why引导的定语从句（在从句中作状语）,1.where表示地点，它引导的定语从句修饰表地点的先行词。e.g.Thisisthevillagewherehewasborn.c.f.Thisisthevillage(that/which)hevisitedlastyear.,2.when表示时间，它引导的定语从句修饰表时间的先行词。e.g.IllneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedtheLeague.c.f.Illneverforgettheday(that/which)wespe