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步进送料机的设计2【自动生产线】【说明书+CAD】

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本科毕业设计说明书(论文)1绪论1.1 送料机的定义 送料机专门用于粒料,粉料,片状料,带状等材料的自动化,数控化,精确化的输送【1】。在激烈竞争的时代,企业经营与发展必会面对劳工的短缺,人工成本上扬等问题。省力化、合理化与自动化将成为企业发展的趋向。因此数控送料机,自动送料机的应用也十分广泛。在当今社会,越来越多的行业将采用机械化输送。这种自动送料机有较高的精确度,而且又环保,又省时,还大大减少了劳动强度。真正的做到了低成本,高回报。在今飞速发展的年代,这种自动化产品会受到越来越多厂家的青睐与喜欢!所谓送料机,送料机就是输送材料的机器,是无论是轻工行业还是重工业都不可缺少的设备。传统观念,送料机是借助于机器运动的作用力加力于材料,对材料进行运动运输的机器。近代的送料机发生了一些变化,开始将高压空气、超声波等先进技术用于送料技术中,但人们仍然将这些设备归纳在送料机类的设备中。自动化程度高的送料设备有:由电脑控制的动头式送料机、激光送料机、高压气压和电脑送料机等。另外,国外的司生产一种投影送料机这种设备的送台上设有感应器及目察装置,用于对材料轮廓扫描,或在材料行投影以引导送料安排。1.2 送料机的原理及其种类据了解,国内的数控送料机,都彩用微电脑控制技术,数字式显示,操作简单方便,能有效控制在0.02MM以内做到送料精确,彻底解决了以往送料器送料不准,调节困难的老大难问题。1.2.1 送料机的原理及种类1.2.1.1 带式送料机带式送料机的一般结构主要由输送带、滚筒、支承装置、驱动装置、张紧装置、卸料装置、清扫装置和机架等部件组成【2】。带式送料机是一种连续送料机械,它用一根环绕于前、后两个滚筒上的输送带作为牵引及承载构件,驱动滚筒依靠摩擦力驱动输送带运动,并带动物料一起运行,从而实现输送物料的目的。1.2.1.2 埋刮板送料机埋刮板送料机由封闭的壳体、刮板链条、驱动装置及张紧装置等部件组成。埋刮板送料机工作时,物料经进料口进入机壳承载段,受到刮板的推力,与刮板链条形成整体一同向前运动,到达料槽的卸料口自行排出,刮板链条沿机壳的空载段返回。因其在工作时刮板链条被埋没在物料中与物料一起向前移动,故称为“埋刮板送料机”。1.2.1.3 斗式送料机斗式送料机主要由牵引构件(橡胶带或链条)、承载构件(料斗)、头轮和底轮、驱动装置、张紧装置、机壳等组成。闭合的牵引构件环绕于头轮和底轮上,并被张紧装置张紧。在牵引构件的全长上,每个一定距离安装一个料斗。为防止物料的抛撒和灰尘飞扬,这些运动的部件用机壳封闭。工作时,外部的驱动装置通过头轮带动牵引构件和料斗运行。物料从机座的进料口进入机座底部,运动着的料斗挖起并向上提升。到达机头后,物料在重力和离心力的作用下脱离料斗,从卸料口排出。1.2.1.4 螺旋送料机螺旋送料机主要由料槽、螺旋叶片和转动轴组成的螺旋体、两端轴承、中间悬挂轴承及驱动装置所组成。当螺旋体转动时,进入机槽的物料受到旋转叶片的法向推力,该推力的径向分量和叶片对物料的摩擦力将使物料绕轴转动;而物料的重力和机槽对物料的摩擦力又阻止物料绕轴转动。当螺旋叶片对物料法向推力的轴向分量克服了机槽对物料的摩擦力及法向推力的径向分量,物料不和螺旋一起旋转,只沿料槽向前远移。1.2.1.5 振动送料机振动送料机主要由输送槽、激振器、主振弹簧、导向杆、隔振弹簧、平衡底架、进料装置和卸料装置组成。振动送料机是利用某一形式的激振器使槽体沿某一倾斜方向产生振动,从而将物料由某一位置运送至另外一个位置。1.2.2 送料机的作用1.2.2.1 带式送料机带式送料机是一种生产技术成熟、使用极为广泛的【3】输送设备,具有最典型的连续送料机的特点,近年来发展很快。其主要优点:(1)结构简单,自重轻,容易制造;(2)输送路线布置灵活,适应性广,可输送多种物料;(3)输送速度快,输送距离长,输送能力大,能耗低;(4)可连续输送,工作平稳,不损伤被输送物料;操作简单,安全可靠,保养检修容易,维修管理费用低。带式送料机的主要缺点是输送带易磨损,且其成本大(约占送料机造价的40%);需用大量滚动轴承;在中间卸料时必须加装卸料装置;普通胶带式不适用于输送倾角过大的场合。目前,带式送料机已经标准化、系列化、性能不断完善,而且不断有新机型问世。1.2.2.2 埋刮板送料机埋刮板送料机的主要优点是:适用范围广,输送物料的品种多,其他连续送料机械难以输送的物料,许多都可以采用埋刮板送料机进行输送;密封性能好,物料在封闭的机槽内输送,不抛撒,不泄露,能防尘、防水、防毒、防爆,大大改善了劳动条件,防止环境污染;工艺布置十分灵活,可用于各不同方向的物料输送;容易实现多点加料或多点卸料;体积小,占地面积小,可在比较狭窄的工作场地使用;输送过程中物料与刮板链条之间基本上无相对运动,故对物料的损伤小;安装容易,操作、维修方便,运行安全可靠。埋刮板送料机的缺点是:输送距离和提升高度有一定的限制;刮板链条与机槽的磨损较大,磨损部位主要是链条关节处、机槽底板及导轨,特别是输送磨琢性粉尘状物料时磨损更为严重;功率消耗较大;不适于输送粘性大的、悬浮性大的、块度较大的及磨损性很大的物料。1.2.3 送料机通俗来分类高速滚轮送料机,新型式送料机,NC滚轮送料机,数控送料机,冲床送料机,数控冲床送料机,数控滚轮送料机,数控自动送料机。空气自动送料机,凸轮驱动送料机 空气自动送料机(左右偏摆移位型) 空气自动送料机(特殊落地型)【4】。平面送料机(感应式) 高速滚轮送料机 NC伺服滚轮送料机 高速滚轮送料机+冲床 高速滚轮送料机 NC电脑厚板送料机 NC厚板电脑精密整平送料机 NC电脑精密整平送料机 平面(横)式电子控制送料机各种专用设备!更专业自动送料器,高速滚轮送料器,新型式送料器,NC滚轮送料器,数控送料器,冲床送料器,数控冲床送料器,数控滚轮送料器,数控自动送料器空气自动送料器,凸轮驱动送料器 空气自动送料器(左右偏摆移位型), 空气自动送料器(特殊落地型),平面送料器(感应式), 高速滚轮送料器 ,NC伺服滚轮送料器 ,高速滚轮送料器+冲床 ,高速滚轮送料器 NC电脑厚板送料器 ,NC厚板电脑精密整平送料器,NC电脑精密整平送料器。1.3 国内外送料机现状1.3.1 国外送料机现状国外带式输送机技术的发展很快【5】,其主要表现在2个方面:一方面是带式输送机的功能多元化、应用范围扩大化,如高倾角带输送机、管状带式输送机、空间转弯带式输送机等各种机型;另一方面是带式输送机本身的技术与装备有了巨大的发展,尤其是长距离、大运量、高带速等大型带式输送机已成为发展的主要方向,其核心技术是开发应用于了带式输送机动态分析与监控技术,提高了带式输送机的运行性能和可靠性。其关键技术与装备有以下几个特点: (1)设备大型化。其主要技术参数与装备均向着大型化发展,以满足年产300-500万t以上高产高效集约化生产的需要。 (2)应用动态分析技术和机电一体化、计算机监控等高新技术,采用大功率软起动与自动张紧技术,对输送机进行动态监测与监控,大大地降低了输送带的动张力,设备运行性能好,运输效率高。 (3)采用多机驱动与中间驱动及其功率平衡、输送机变向运行等技术,使输送机单机运行长度在理论上已有受限制,并确保了输送系统设备的通用性、互换性及其单元驱动的可靠性。 (4)新型、高可靠性关键元部件技术。如包含CST等在内的各种先进的大功率驱动装置与调速装置、高寿命高速托辊、自清式滚筒装置、高效贮带装置、快速自移机尾等。如英国FSW生产的FSW1200/(2-3)400(600)工作面顺槽带式输送机就采用了液粘差速或变频调速装置,运输能力达3000 t/h以上,它的机尾与新型转载机(如美国久益公司生产的S500E)配套,可随工作面推移而自动快速自移、人工作业少、生产效率高。1.3.2 国内送料机现状我国生产制造的带式输送机的品种、类型较多。在“八五”期间,通过国家一条龙“日产万吨综采设备”项目的实施,带式输送机的技术水平有了很大提高,煤矿井下用大功率、长距离带式输送机的关键技术研究和新产吕开发都取得了很大的进步。如大倾角长距离带式输送机成套设备、高产高效工作面顺槽可伸缩带式输送机等均填补了国内空白,并对带式输送机的减低关键技术及其主要元部件进行了理论研究和产品开发,研制成功了多种软起动和制动装置以及以PLC为核心的可编程电控装置,驱动系统采用调速型液力偶合器和行星齿轮减速器。1.3.3 国内外带式输送机的差距1.3.3.1 大型带式输送机的关键核心技术上的差距(1)带式输送机动态分析与监测技术 长距离、大功率带式输送机的技术关键是动态设计与监测,它是制约大型带式输送机发展的核心技术。目前我国用刚性理论来分析研究带式输送机并制订计算方法和设计规范,设计中对输送带使用了很高的安全系统(一般取n=10左右),与实际情况相差很远。实际上输送带是粘弹性体,长距离带式输送机其输送带对驱动装置的起、制动力的动态响应是一个非常复杂的过程,而不能简单地用刚体力学来解释和计算。已开发了带式输送机动态设计方法和应用软件,在大型输送机上对输送机的动张力进行动态分析与动态监测,降低输送带的安全系统,大大延长使用寿命,确保了输送机运行的可靠性,从而使大型带式输送机的设计达到了最高水平,并使输送机的设备成本尤其是输送带成本大为降低。 (2)可靠的可控软起动技术与功率均衡技术 长距离大运量带式输送机由于功率大、距离长且多机驱动,必须采用软起动方式来降低输送机制动张力,特别是多电机驱动时。为了减少对电网的冲击,软起动时应有分时慢速起动;还要控制输送机起动加速度0.30.1 m/s2,解决承载带与驱动带的带速同步问题及输送带涌浪现象,减少对元部件的冲击。由于制造误差及电机特性误差,各驱动点的功率会出现不均衡,一旦某个电机功率过大将会引起烧电机事故,因此,各电机之间的功率平衡应加以控制,并提高平衡精度。国内已大量应用调速型液力偶合器来实现输送机的软起动与功率平衡,解决了长距离带式输送机的起动与功率平衡及同步性问题。但其调节精度及可靠性与国外相比还有一定差距。此外,长距离大功率带式输送机除了要求一个运煤带速外,还需要一个验带的带速,调速型液力偶合器虽然实现软启动与功率平衡,但还需研制适合长距离的无级液力调速装置。当单机功率500 kW时,可控CST软起动显示出优越性。由于可控软起动是将行星齿轮减速器的内齿圈与湿式磨擦离合器组合而成(即粘性传动)。通过比例阀及控制系统来实现软起动与功率平衡,其调节精度可达98% 以上。但价格昂贵,急需国产化。1.3.3.2 技术性能上差距我国带式输送机的主要性能与参数已不能满足高产【6】高效矿井的需要,尤其是顺槽可伸缩带式输送机的关键元部件及其功能如自移机尾、高效储带与张紧装置等与国外有着很大差距。 (1)装机功率 我国工作面顺槽可伸缩带式输送机最大装机功率为4250 kW,国外产品可达4970 kW,国产带式输送机的装机功率约为国外产品的30%40%,固定带式输送机的装机功率相差更大。 (2)运输能力 我国带式输送机最大运量为3000 t/h,国外已达5500 t/h。(3)最大输送带宽度 我国带式输送机为1400 mm,国外最大为1830 mm。(4)带速 由于受托辊转速的限制,我国带式输送机带速为4m/s,国外为5m/s以上。(5)工作面顺槽运输长度 我国为3000 m,国外为7300m。(6)自移机尾 随着高产高效工作面的不断出现,要求顺槽可伸缩带式输送机机尾随着工作面的快速推进而快速自移。国内自移机尾主要依赖进口,主要有2种:(a)随转载机一起移动的由英国LONGWALL公司生产的自移机尾装置。(b)德国DBT公司生产的自移机尾装置。前者只有一个推进油缸,后者则有2个推进油缸。LONGWALL公司生产的自称机尾用于在国内带宽1.2 m的输送机上,缺点是自移机尾输送带的跑偏量太小,纠偏能力弱,刚性差。德国生产的自移机尾在国内使用效果优于前者,水平、垂直2个方向均有调偏油缸,纠偏能力强。因此,前者还需完善,后者则需研制。但对自移机尾的要求是共同的,既要满足输送机正常工作时防滑的要求,又要满足在输送机不停机的情况下实现快速自移。(7)高效储带与张紧装置 我国采用封闭式储带结构和绞车红紧为主,张紧小车易脱轨,输送带易跑偏,输送带伸缩时,托辊小车不自移,需人工推移,检修麻烦。国外采用结构先进的开放式储带装置和高精度的大扭矩、大行程自动张紧设备,托辊小车能自动随输送带伸缩到位。输送带有易跑偏,不会出现脱轨现象。(8)输送机品种 机型品种少,功能单一,使用范围受限,不能充分发挥其效能,如拓展运人、运料或双向运输等功能,做到一机多用;另外,我国煤矿的地质条件差异很大,在运输系统的布置上经常会出现一些特殊要求,如弯曲、大倾角(+25)直至垂直提升等,应开发特殊型专用机种带式输送机。1.3.3.3 可靠性、寿命上的差距(1) 输送带抗拉强度 我国生产的织物整芯阻燃输送带最高为2500 N/mm,国外为3150 N/mm。钢丝绳芯阻燃输送带最高为4000 N/mm,国外为7000 N/mm。 (2)输送带接头强度 我国输送带接头强度为母带的50%65%,国外达母带的70%75%。 (3)托辊寿命 我国现有的托辊技术与国外比较,寿命短、速度低、阻力大,而美国等使用的新型注油托辊,其运行阻力小,轴承采用稀油润滑,大大地提高了托辊的使用寿命,并可作为高速托辊应用于带式输送机上,使用面广,经济效益显著。我国输送机托辊寿命为2万h,国外托辊寿命59万h,国产托辊寿命仅为国外产品的30%40%。 (4)输送机减速器寿命 我国输送机减速器寿命2万h,国外减速器寿命7万h。 (5)带式输送机上下运行时可靠性差。1.3.3.4 控制系统上差距(1) 驱动方式 我国为调速型液力偶合器和硬齿面减速器,国外传动方式多样,如BOSS系统、CST可控传动系统等,控制精度较高。 (2)监控装置 国外输送机已采用高档可编程序控制器PLC,开发了先进的程序软伯与综合电源继电器控制技术以及数据采信、处理、存储、传输、故障诊断与查询等完整自动监控系统。我国输送机仅采用了中档可编程序控制器来控制输送机的启动、正常运行、停机等工作过程。虽然能与可控启(制)支装置配合使用,达到可控启(制)动、带速同步、功率平衡等功能,但没有自动临近装置,没有故障诊断与查询等。 (3)输送机保护装置 国外带式输送机除安装防止输送带跑偏、打滑、撕裂、过满堵塞、自动洒水降尘等保护装置外,近年又开发了很多新型监测装置:传动滚筒、变向滚筒及托辊组的温度监测系统;烟雾报警及自动消防灭火装置;纤维织输送带纵撕裂及接头监测系统;防爆电子输送带秤自动计量系统。这些新型保护系统我国基本处于空白。而我国现有的打滑、堆煤、溜煤眼满仓保护,防跑偏、超温洒水,烟雾报警装置的可靠性、灵敏性、寿命都较低。1.4 带式输送机的发展趋势1.4.1 设备大型化、提高运输能力为了适应高产高效集约化生产的需要,带式输【7】送机的输送能力要加大。长距离、高带速、大运量、大功率是今后发展的必然趋势,也是高产高效矿井运输技术的发展方向。在今后的10a内输送量要提高到30004000 t/h,还速提高至46m/s,输送长度对于可伸缩带式输送机要达到3000m。对于钢绳芯强力带式输送机需加长至5000m以上,单机驱动功率要求达到10001500 kW,输送带抗拉强度达到6000 N/mm(钢绳芯)和2500 N/mm(钢绳芯)。尤其是煤矿井下顺槽可伸缩输送技术的发展,随着高产高效工作面的出现及煤炭科技的不断发展,原有的可伸缩带式输送机,无论是主参数,还是运行性能都难以适应高产高效工作面的要求,煤矿现场急需主参数更大、技术更先进、性能更可靠的长距离、大运量、大功率顺槽可伸缩带式输送机,以提高我国带式输送机技术的设计水平,填补国内空白,接近并赶上国际先进工业国的技术水平。其包含7个方面的关键技术:带式输送机动态分析与监控技术;软起动与功率平衡技术;中间驱动技术;自动张紧技术;新型高寿命高速托辊技术;快速自移机尾技术;高效储带技术。1.4.2 提高元部件性能和可靠性设备开机率的高与低主要取决于元部件的性能和可靠性。除了进一步完善和提高现有元部件的性能和可靠性,还要不断地开发研究新的技术和元部件,如高性能可控软起动技术、动态分析与监控技术、高效贮带装置、快速自移机尾、高速托辊等,使带式输送机的性能得到进一步的提高。1.4.3 扩大功能,一机多用化拓展运人、运料或双向运输等功能,做到一机多用,使其发挥最大的经济效益。开发特殊型带式输送机,如弯曲带式输送机、大倾角或垂直提升输送机等。72步进送料机的设计2.1 设计说明2.1.1 步进送料机设计某自动生产线的一部分步进送料机。具体设计要求为:1、电机驱动,即必须有曲柄。2、输送架平动,其上任一点的运动轨迹近似为虚线所示闭合曲线(以下将该曲线简称为轨迹曲线)。3、轨迹曲线为近似的水平直线段,轨迹曲线的最高点低于直线段的距离,以免零件停歇时受到输送架的不应有的回碰。2.1.2 设计思路(1)设计步进送料机连杆送料机构和齿轮传动机构。(2)设计传动系统并确定其传动比分配。(3)图纸上画出步进送料机的机构运动方案简图和运动循环图。(4)对平面连杆机构进行尺度综合,并进行运动分析;验证输出构件的轨迹是否满足设计要求。(5)完成步进送料机的连杆送料机构、齿轮传动机构总图和主要零部件图。2.2步进送料机的工作原理步进送料机的工作原理。步进送料机概括的说就是能够实现间歇的输送工件的机器,它的种类繁多,工作原理也不尽相同。图2-1为步进送料机工作原理图。电动机通过传动装置驱动滑架往复移动,工作行程时滑架上的推爪推动工件前移一个步长,当滑架返回是,由于推爪与轴间有扭簧,推爪得一从工件底面滑过,工件保持不动,当滑架再次向前推进时,推爪已复位,向前推动新的工件前移,前方推爪也推动前一工位的工件前移。其传动装置常使用减速器,有时也用其他传动设备。【8】图2-1 步进送料机原理图2.3步进送料机运动方案的设计过程2.3.1 工艺参数的给定及运动参数的确定工艺参数是一部机器进行方案设计和机构设计的原始依据。所以在设计之前,必须明确提出其工作任务,周边环境以及更详细的工艺要求。2.3.2 执行构件件运动关系的确定有时一部机器的工作任务是由多个执行机构共同完成的,这是各执行构件间必然有一定协同动作关系,确定这宗关系的最直观的方法就是采用运动循环图。2.3.3 动力源的选择及执行机构的确定机械设备中应用的动力源主要是电、液、气动装置。因此原动机有电动机、液压马达、气压马达、直线油缸及汽缸等。电动机应用最广泛。执行机构的运动按其运动类型划分,主要有直线运动、回转运动、任意轨迹运动、点到点运动及位到位运动。上述运动又分为连续运动和间歇运动两类。有些运动是单程的,有些运动是往复式的,不同的运动应由不同的机构或多种机构的组合乃至整个机器来实现。2.3.4 方案的比较与决策一个设计可以由多个方案来实现,每个方案所使用的机构也不尽相同,有时只是迥异。在达到性能指标的前提下,应根据机构组合的复杂程度对精度所造成的影响,并根据经济性和易维修性对不同方案进行比较和决策。3 送料机传动机构设计步进送料机的运动方案设计,机械运动方案是机械设计的重要环节,运动方案设计的优劣,决定了这部机器的性能、造价、及市场前景。所谓运动方案的设计,即是设计者通过何种机构组合为一部完成特定工作任务的机械系统的全面构思。3.1 步进送料机传动机构的选择3.1.1 步进送料机常用的传动机构常用的送料机的传动机构有以下几种:齿轮机构;螺旋机构;带传动及链传动:连杆机构;凸轮机构。【9】凸轮机构是一种高副机构。 一般由凸轮,从动件和机架三部分组成,凸轮大都为原动件,当其运动(一般为等速连续转动,也有摆动或往复移动)时,通过其上一定的衄线轮廓线或凹槽使从动件得到连续的或间歇的往复移动或摆动。3.1.2 送料机传动机构的选择由于送料机的加工过程中要求若干个相同的被输送的工件间隔相等的距离350mm,在导轨上向左依次间歇移动,即每个零件耗时1 s移动距离350mm后间歇时间3 s。考虑到动停时间之比K=t1/t2之值较特殊,以及耐用性、成本、维修方便等因素,不宜采用槽轮、凸轮等高副机构,而应设计平面连杆机构。由于设计要求构件实现轨迹复杂并且封闭的曲线,所以输出构件采用连杆机构中的连杆比较合适。3.2 连杆机构3.2.1 连杆机构的特点连杆机构构件运动形式多样,如可实现转动、摆动、移动和平面或空间复杂运动,从而可用于实现已知运动规律和已知轨迹。此外,低副面接触的结构使连杆机构具有以下一些优点:运动副单位面积所受压力较小,且面接触便于润滑,故磨损减小;制造方便,易获得较高的精度;两构件之间的接触是靠本身的几何封闭来维系的,它不象凸轮机构有时需利用弹簧等力封闭来保持接触。因此,平面连杆机构广泛应用于各种机械、仪表和机电产品中。平面连杆机构的缺点是:一般情况下,只能近似实现给定的运动规律或运动轨迹,且设计较为复杂;当给定的运动要求较多或较复杂时,需要的构件数和运动副数往往较多,这样就使机构结构复杂,工作效率降低,不仅发生自锁的可能性增加,而且机构运动规律对制造、安装误差的敏感性增加;机构中作复杂运动和作往复运动的构件所产生的惯性力难以平衡,在高速时将引起较大的振动和动载荷,故连杆机构常用于速度较低的场合。3.2.2 连杆机构的类型及应用近年来,随着连杆机构设计方法的发展,电子计算机的普及应用以及有关设计软件的开发,连杆机构的设计速度和设计精度有了较大的提高,而且在满足运动学要求的同时,还可考虑到动力学特性。尤其是微电子技术及自动控制技术的引入,多自由度连杆机构的采用,使连杆机构的结构和设计大为简化,使用范围更为广泛。根据构件之间的相对运动为平面运动或空间运动,连杆机构可分为平面连杆机构和空间连杆机构。根据机构中构件数目的多少分为四杆机构、五杆机构、六杆机构等,一般将五杆及五杆以上的连杆机构称为多杆机构。当连杆机构的自由度为1时,称为单自由度连杆机构;当自由度大于1时,称为多自由度连杆机构。根据形成连杆机构的运动链是开链还是闭链,亦可将相应的连杆机构分为开链连杆机构(机械手通常是运动副为转动副或移动副的空间开链连杆机构)和闭链连杆机构。单闭环的平面连杆机构的构件数至少为4,因而最简单的平面闭链连杆机构是四杆机构,其他多杆闭链机构无非是在其基础上扩充杆组而成;单闭环的空间连杆机构的构件数至少为3,因而可由三个构件组成空间三杆机构。【10】所有运动副均为转动副的平面四杆机构称为铰链四杆机构,它是平面四杆机构的最基本的型式,其他型式的平面四杆机构都可看作是在它的基础上通过演化而成的。在此机构中,构件4为机架,与机架构成运动副的构件1、3称为连架杆,不与机架组成运动副的构件2称为连杆。若组成转动副的两构件能作整周相对转动,则该转动副称为整转副,否则称为摆动副。与机架组成整转副的连架杆称为曲柄,与机架组成摆动副的连架杆称为摇杆。因此,根据两连架杆为曲柄或摇杆的不同,铰链四杆机构可分为三种基本型式:曲柄摇杆机构: 其中两连架杆中有一杆是曲柄另一杆是摇杆;双曲柄机构:其中两连架杆均为曲柄;双摇杆机构:其中两连架杆均为摇杆。3.2.3 铰链四杆机构对于曲柄摇杆机构,由下一节整转副存在条件可知,曲柄所联接的两个转动副均为整转副,而摇杆所联接的两个转动副均为摆动副。由于机构中任意两构件之间的相对运动关系不因其中哪个构件是固定件而改变,所以当将该机构的机架由4改换为构件1时,则构件2、4均变为曲柄,从而成为双曲柄机构;当取构件3为机架时,则成为双摇杆机构;当取构件2为机架时,则仍为曲柄摇杆机构。这种通过更换机架而得到的机构称为原机构的倒置机构。需注意的是双摇杆机构有两种类型:一种为上图曲柄摇杆机构取构件3为机架的倒置机构,电扇摇头机构,即采用这种含两个整转副的双摇杆机构,其中电机安装在摇杆4上,转动副A处装有一与连杆1固结成一体的蜗轮,蜗轮与电机轴上的蜗杆相啮合。电机转动时,通过蜗杆和蜗轮使连杆1和摇杆4作整周相对转动,从而使连架杆2和4作往复摆动,达到风扇摇头的目的;对于机构中四个转动副均为摆动副的铰链四杆机构,则属另一种双摇杆机构,其三种倒置机构均为双摇杆机【11】构。3.2.4 铰链四杆机构设计的基本问题和方法连杆机构设计通常包括选型、运动设计、承载能力计算、结构设计和绘制机构装配图与零件工作图等内容,其中选型是确定连杆机构的结构组成,包括构件数目以及运动副的类型和数目;运动设计是确定机构运动简图的参数,包括各运动副之间的相对位置尺寸以及描绘连杆曲线的点的位置尺寸等等;承载能力计算是基于强度理论,确定关键零件的主要结构参数;结构设计是在综合考虑安装、调整、加工工艺性等因素情况下对各零件结构参数的全面细化。平面连杆机构的运动设计是我们主要研究的内容,它一般可归纳为以下三类基本问题:1)实现构件给定位置(亦称刚体导引),即要求连杆机构能引导某构件按规定顺序精确或近似地经过给定的若干位置。2) 实现已知运动规律(亦称函数生成),即要求主、从动件满足已知的若干组对应位置关系,包括满足一定的急回特性要求,或者在主动件运动规律一定时,从动件能精确或近似地按给定规律运动。3) 实现已知运动轨迹(亦称轨迹生成),即要求连杆机构中作平面运动的构件上某一点精确或近似地沿着给定的轨迹运动。在进行平面连杆机构运动设计时,往往是以上述运动要求为主要设计目标,同时还要兼顾一些运动特性和传力特性等方面的要求,如整转副要求、压力角或传动角要求、机构占据空间位置要求等。另外,设计结果还应满足运动连续性要求,即当主动件连续运动时,从动件也能连续地占据预定的各个位置,而不能出现错位或错序等现象。平面连杆机构运动设计的方法主要是几何法和解析法,此外还有图谱法和模型实验法。几何法是利用机构运动过程中各运动副位置之间的几何关系,通过作图获得有关运动尺寸,所以几何法直观形象,几何关系清晰,对于一些简单设计问题的处理是有效而快捷的,但由于作图误差的存在,所以设计精度较低。将K=1/3带入,=90。已知摇杆最大的摇摆距离为350mm,又知极位夹角为90,我们根据给定的急回要求设计四连杆机构。根据急回运动要求设计四杆机构,主要利用机构在极位时的几何关系。设计时,先利用公式3-1 算出极位夹角,并画出及最大摆程的直线 C1 C2。下面来求固定铰链A 。为此,方程加以描述,通过方程的求解获得有关运动尺寸,故其直观性差,但设计精度高。随着数值计算方法的发展和计算机的普及应用,解析法已成为各类平面连杆机构运动设计的一种有效方法。【12】3.3 传动机构的模拟计算各杆长计算已知t1 、t2 则行程速度变化系数K=本设计中t1=1 t2=3 则K=1/3然后根据行程速度变化系数K,求极位夹角 (3-1)分别做C2M垂直于C1C2 和 C2C1N =90-,C2M与C1N交于点P,再做PC1C2的外接圆,则圆弧上任意一A都满足C1AC2=,所以固定铰链应选在此段位置上。由于本设计中=90,故P点与C1C2直线重合,则C1C2即为该圆的直径。在圆弧上任选一点A,连接AC1和AC2 ,以A为圆心画一圆,该圆交AC1和AC2于点B1和B2(由于C2D为左侧极值位置,故B点在C2A延长线上),最后确定D点,由于CD杆所走的轨迹为一对称图形,故D点应该在C1C2的中垂线上,最后所确定的各杆长应该满足曲柄摇杆机构的杆长特点: 最长杆+最短杆其余连杆之和 (3-2)根据这一方法画出图3-2,其中AB=72BC=163CD=252AD=164CE=102C1C2=250E1E2=350将本机构各杆长带入公式3-1中:72+252163+164 符合曲柄摇杆机构的杆长条件经过验证,轨迹曲线的E1E2段的最高点高于直线段AB的距离为46,避免了零件停歇时受到输送架的不应有的回碰。图3-1 四杆机构设计模拟图394其他部件的设计及其计算4.1 电动机的选择表4.1 电动机的选择过程分析结论类型根据一般带式输送机选用的电动机选择选用Y系列封闭式三相异步电动机功率工作机所需有效功率为圆柱齿轮传动(8级精度)效率(两对)为10.97 2滚动轴承传动效率(四对)为20.98 4带动的效率30.96电动机输出有效功率为:电动机输出功率为P=3.73KW型号查得型号Y132M1-6封闭式三相异步电动机参数如下P=4KW 转速为960r/min同步转速1000 r/min选用型号Y132M1-6 封闭式三相异步电动机4.2 传动比的分配4.2 传动比的分配目的过程分析结论分配传动比传动系统的总传动比其中i是传动系统的总传动比,多级串联传动系统的总传动等于各级传动比的连乘积;nm是电动机的满载转速,单位为r/min;nw 为工作机输入轴的转速,单位为r/min。计算如下, 取取 =3.5 =4.2i:总传动比 :带传动比 :低速级齿轮传动比 :高速级齿轮传动比=14.6=3.5=4.24.3 传动齿轮的设计4.3.1 选精度等级、材料及齿数,齿型1)确定齿轮类型两齿轮均为标准圆柱斜齿轮。2)材料选择小齿轮材料为40Cr(调质),硬度为280HBS,大齿轮材料为45钢(调质),硬度为240HBS,二者材料硬度差为40HBS。3)运输机为一般工作机器,速度不高,故选用7级精度。4)选小齿轮齿数Z124,大齿轮齿数Z21Z14.224=100.8,取Z2=101。5)选取螺旋角。初选螺旋角。4.3.2 按齿面接触强度设计按公式试算,即 (4-1)4.3.2.1 确定公式内的各计算数值(1)试选(2)选取区域系数(3)计算小齿轮传递的转矩 (4-2)(4)由表选取齿宽系数(5)由表查得材料的弹性影响系数(6)由图按齿面硬度查得小齿轮的接触疲劳强度极限,大齿轮的接触疲劳强度极限(7)由公式计算应力循环次数(8)由图查得接触疲劳强度寿命系数(9)计算接触疲劳强度许用应力取失效概率为,安全系数为S=1,由式得 4.3.2.2 计算(1)试算小齿轮分度圆直径,由计算公式得(2)计算圆周速度 (4-3) (3)计算齿宽及模数 (4-4) (4-5) (4-6) (4)计算纵向重合度 (4-7) (5)计算载荷系数K已知使用系数根据,级精度,由图查得动载荷系数由表查得由图查得假定,由表查得故载荷系数 (4-8)(6)按实际的载荷系数校正所算得的分度圆直径,由式得 (4-9)(7)计算模数 (4-10)4.3.3 按齿根弯曲强度设计由式可得出mn (4-11) 4.3.3.1 确定计算参数(1)计算载荷系数 (4-12)(2)根据纵向重合度,从图中查得螺旋角影响系数(3)计算当量齿数 (4-13)(4)查取齿形系数由表查得(5)查取应力校正系数由表查得(6)由图查得,小齿轮的弯曲疲劳强度极限大齿轮的弯曲疲劳强度极限(7)由图查得弯曲疲劳强度寿命系数(8)计算弯曲疲劳许用应力取弯曲疲劳安全系数S1.4,由式得(9)计算大小齿轮的大齿轮的数据大4.3.3.2 设计计算对比计算结果,由齿面接触疲劳强度计算的法面模数大于由齿根弯曲疲劳强度计算的法面模数,取1.5mm,已可满足弯曲强度。但为了同时满足接触疲劳强度, 须按接触疲劳强度算得的分度圆直径来计算应有的齿数。于是有 (4-14)取,则4.3.4 几何尺寸计算1)计算中心距 (4-15)将中心距圆整为109mm2)按圆整后的中心距修正螺旋角 (4-16)因值改变不多,故参数、等不必修正。3)计算大、小齿轮的分度圆直径 (4-17)4)计算大、小齿轮的齿根圆直径 (4-18)5)计算齿轮宽度 (4-19)圆整后取;4.3.5 验算 (4-20) (4-21)合适4.3.6 低速级齿轮参数低速级齿轮参数用同样的方法可求得分度圆直径: 齿根圆直径:中心距计算齿宽取 5 步进送料机的使用维修保养启动设备之前应先检查设备周围有无影响设备运行之障碍物,确认无疑方可开车运转。 设备运转过程中如遇人身、物品及设备本身发生异常及危险情况时要及时就近按下急停或停止按钮,排除故障后方可重新启动。 设备应设专人操作,人员必须专门培训后方可上岗操作。 不允许发生v带打滑现象,如有发现应立即张紧v带。设备的润滑: a减速器的润滑按减速器使用说明书进行,一般应每年更换一次润滑油。 b 驱动装置链条每周用油壶或油刷加油一次,加注 40机油。 c 各种滚动轴承每两年清洗更换润滑脂一次。减速器的润滑及密封:1润滑方式的选择因为此变速器为闭式齿轮传动,又因为齿轮的圆周速度,所以采用将大齿轮的轮齿浸入油池中进行浸油润滑。考虑到高速级大齿轮可能浸不到油,所以在大齿轮下安装一小油轮进行润滑。轴承利用大齿轮的转动把油溅到箱壁的油槽里输送到轴承机型润滑。2密封方式的选择由于I,II,III轴与轴承接触处的线速度,所以采用毡圈密封。3润滑油的选择因为该减速器属于一般减速器,查机械设计手册可选用工业齿轮油N200(SH0357-92)。结 论设计的主要成果:(1) 熟练地掌握了步进送料机各部分的结构、原理和功能,了解了国内外的发展现状。(2) 掌握了送料机在使用过程中经常出现的问题,并在设计中针对每个问题做了适当的解决。存在的主要问题:(1) 对部分零件的结构尺寸和安装尺寸掌握的不够精确。(2) 设计中还采用了一部分老旧的部件。进一步研究的建议:(1) 根据实际情况对步进送料机整体进行简化,减小步进送料机的重量和体积。(2) 对各个部件进行优化设计,使各部分的功能达到最优。(3) 由于输出构件尺寸较大,为提高整个机构的刚度和运动的平稳性,下一步可以考虑采用对称结构。致 谢本次设计有幸得到了老师的尽心指导,以及实习公司各位领导的大力支持。并且在学习和生活的四年中,得到了众多老师的教导以及很多同学的帮助,使我在大学中学到了丰富的基础知识和专业知识,为本次设计以及今后的工作生活打下了坚实的基础。在此,对以及机电工程系的各位领导和老师表示衷心感谢并致以崇高的敬意;对本次设计的指导老师和各位给予我帮助的同学表示最诚挚的谢意!参考文献1 蒲良贵,纪名刚主编.机械设计.北京:高等教育出版社,20012 高秀华,王云超,李国忠主编.金属结构.北京:化学工业出版社,20063 刘鸿文主编.材料力学.北京:高等教育出版社,20044 刘小军,刘振魁主编.机械制图.北京:高等教育出版社,20005 王先奎主编.机械制造工艺学.北京:机械工业出版社,20046 王绍军主编.机械制造工艺手册.北京:机械工业出版社,19857 李益民主编.机械制造工艺设计简明手册.北京:机械工业出版社,19938 沈其文,徐鸿本.机械制造禁忌手册.北京:机械工业出版社,19859 孙恒.机械原理.7版.北京:高等教育出版社. 2006.10 王昆.机械设计课程设计指导书. 北京: 高等教育出版社.1995.11 杨培元 朱福元.液压系统设计简明手册. 北京:机械工业出版社.12 曾正明.实用钢铁材料手册.2版.北京:机械工业出版社.13 施平.机械工程专业英语教程.2版.电子工业出版社.14 机械工程手册编辑委员会编机械设计手册3版北京:机械工业出版社.2008.15 王昆 何小柏 汪信远.机械设计机械设计基础课程设计.高等教育出版社.1996.附 录英文资料:CONVEYOR SYSTEMSConveyors are used when material must be moved in relatively large quantities between specific locations over affixed path. The fixed path is implemented by a track system, which may be in-the-floor, above-the-floor, or overhead. Conveyors divide into two basic categories: (1) powered and (2) non-powered. In powered conveyors, the power mechanism is contained in the fixed path, using chains, belts, rotating rolls, or other devices to propel loads along the path. Powered conveyors are commonly used in automated material transport systems in manufacturing plants, warehouses, and distribution centers. In non-powered conveyors, materials are moved either manually by human workers who push the loads along the fixed path or by gravity from one elevation to a lower elevation.Types of ConveyorsA variety of conveyor equipment is commercially available. In the following paragraphs, we describe the major types of powered conveyors, organized according to the type of mechanical power provided in the fixed path.Roller and Skate Wheel Conveyors. These conveyors have rolls or wheels on which the loads ride. Loads must possess a flat bottom surface of sufficient area to span several adjacent rollers. Pallets, tote pans, or cartons serve this purpose well. The two main entries in this category are roller conveyors and skate wheel conveyors, pictured in Figure 10.6.In roller conveyors, the pathway consists of a series of tubes (rollers) that are perpendicular to the direction of travel, as in Figure 10.6(a). The rollers are contained in a fixed frame that elevates the pathway above floor level from several inches to several feet. Flat pallets or tote pans carrying unit loads are moved forward as the rollers rotate. Roller conveyors can either be powered or non-powered. Powered roller conveyor are driven be belts or chains. Non-powered roller conveyors are often driven by gravity so than the pathway has a downward slope sufficient to overcome rolling friction. Roller conveyors are used in a wide variety of applications, including manufacturing, assembly, packaging, sortation and distribution.Skate-wheel conveyors are similar in operation to roller conveyors. Instead of rollers, they use skate wheels rotating on shafts connected to a frame to roll pallets or tote pans or other containers along the pathway, as in Figure 10.6(b). This provides the skate wheel conveyor with a lighter weight construction than the roller conveyor. Applications of skate-wheel conveyors are similar to those of roller conveyors, except that the loads must generally be lighter since the contacts between the loads and the conveyor are must more concentrated. Because of their light weight, skate wheel conveyors are sometimes built as portable equipment that can be used for loading and unloading truck trailers at shipping and receiving docks at factories and warehouses.Belt Conveyors. Belt conveyors consist of a continuous loop: Half its length is used for delivering materials, and the other half is the return run, as in Figure 10.7. The belt is made of reinforced elastomer (rubber), so that it possesses high flexibility but low extensibility. At one end of the conveyor is a drive roll that powers the belt. The flexible belt is supported by a frame that has rollers or support sliders along its forward loop. Belt conveyors are available in two common forms: (1) flat belts for pallets, individual parts, or even certain types of bulk materials; and (2) troughed belts for bulk materials. Materials placed on the belt surface travel along the moving pathway. In the case of troughed belt conveyors, the rollers and supports give the flexible belt a V-shape on the forward (delivery) loop to contain bulk materials such as coal, gravel, grain, or similar particulate materials.Conveyors Driven by Chains and Cables. The conveyors in this group are driven by a powered chain or cable that forms an endless loop. In some cases, the loop forms a straight line, with a pulley at each end. This is usually in an over-and-under configuration. In other conveyors, the loop has a more-complex path, with more than two pulleys needed to define the shape of the path. We discuss the following conveyors in this category: (1) chain, (2) slat, (3) in floor towline, (4) overhead trolley, and (5)power-and-free over-head trolley.Chain conveyors consist of chain loops in an over-and-under configuration around powered sprockets at the ends of the pathway. One or more chains operating in parallel may be used to form the conveyor. The chains travel along channels in the floor that provide support for the flexible chain sections. Either the chains slide along the channel or they ride on rollers in the channel. The loads are generally dragged along the pathway using bars that project up from the moving chain.The slat conveyor sues individual platforms, called slats, connected to a continuously moving chain. Although the drive mechanism is a powered chain, it operates much like a belt conveyor. Loads are placed on the slats and are transported along with them. Straight line flows are common in slat conveyors systems. However, because of the chain drive and the capability to alter the chain direction using sprockets, the conveyor pathway can have turns in its continuous loop.Another variation of the chain conveyor is the in-floor towline conveyor. These conveyors make use of four-wheel carts powered by moving chains or cables located in trenches in the floor, as in Figure 10.8. The chain or cable is called a towline; hence, the name of the conveyor. Pathways for the conveyor system are defined by the trench and cable, and the cable is driven as a powered pulley system. Switching between powered pathways is possible in a towline system to achieve flexibility in routing. The carts use steel pins that project below floor level into the trench to engage the chain for towing. (Gripper devices are substituted for pins when cable is used as the pulley system, similar to the San Francisco trolley.) The pin can be pulled out of the chain (or the gripper releases the cable ) to disengage the cart for loading, unloading, switching, accumulation of parts, and manually pushing a cart the main pathway. Towline conveyors systems are used in manufacturing plants and warehouses.All of the preceding chain and cable drive conveyors operate at floor level or slightly above. Chain-driven conveyors can also be designed to operate overhead, suspended from the ceiling of the facility so as not to consume floorspace. The most common types are overhead trolley conveyors. These are available either as constant speed (synchronous) or as power-and-free (asynchronous) systems.A trolley in material handling is a wheeled carriage running on an overhead rail from which loads can be suspended. An overhead trolley conveyor, Figure 10.9, consists of multiple trolleys, usually equally spaced along a fixed track. The trolleys are connected together and moved along the track by means of a chain or cable that forms a complete loop. Suspended from the trolleys are hooks, baskets, or other receptacles to carry loads. The chain (or cable) is attached to a drive wheel that supplies power to move the chain at a constant velocity. The conveyor path is determined by the configuration of the track system, which has turns and possible changes in elevation. Overhead trolley conveyors are often used in factories to move parts and assemblies between major production departments. They can be used for both delivery and storage.A power-and-free overhead trolley conveyor is similar to the overhead trolley conveyor, except that the trolleys are capable of being disconnected from the drive chain, providing this conveyor with an asynchronous capability. This is usually accomplished by using two tracks, one just above the other. The upper track contains the continuously moving endless chain, and the trolleys that carry loads ride on the lower track. Each trolley includes a mechanism by which it can be connected to the drive chain and disconnected from it. When connected, the trolley is pulled along its track by the moving chain in the upper track. When disconnected, the trolley is idle.Other Conveyor Types. Other powered conveyors include cart-on-track, screw, vibration-based systems, and vertical lift conveyors. Cart-on-track conveyors consist of individual carts riding on a track a few feet above floor level. The carts are driven by means of a rotating shaft, as illustrated in Figure 10.10. A drive wheel, attached to the bottom of the cart and set at an angle to the rotating tube, rests against it and drives the cart forward. The cart speed is controlled by regulating the angle of contact between the drive wheel and the spinning tube. When the axis of the drive wheel is 45, the cart is propelled forward. When the axis of the drive wheel is parallel to the tube, the cart does not move. Thus, control of the drive wheel angle on the cart allows power-and-free operation of the conveyor. One of the advantages of cart-on-track systems relative to many other conveyors is that the carts can be positioned with high accuracy. This permits their use for positioning work during production. Applications of cart-on-track systems include robotic spot welding lines in automobile body plants and mechanical assembly systems.Screw conveyors are based on the Archimedes screw, the water-raising device devised in ancient times (circa 236 B.C.), consisting of a large screw inside a cylinder, turned by hand to pump water up-hill for irrigation purposes. Vibration-based conveyors use a flat track connected to an electromagnet that imparts an angular vibratory motion to the track to propel items in the desired direction. This same principle is used in vibratory bowl feeders to deliver components in automated assembly systems (Section 19.1.2). Vertical lift conveyors include a variety of mechanical elevators designed to provide vertical motion, such as between floors or to link floor-based conveyors with overhead conveyors. Other conveyor types include non powered chutes, ramps, and tubes, which are driven by gravity.Conveyor Operations and FeaturesAs indicated by our preceding discussion, conveyor equipment covers a wide variety of operations and features. Let us restrict our discussion here to powered conveyors, excluding non powered types. Conveyor systems divide into two basic types in terms of the characteristic motion of the materials moved by the system: (1) continuous and (2) asynchronous. Continuous motion conveyors move at a constant velocity vc along the path. They include belt, roller, skate-wheel, overhead trolley, and slat conveyors.Asynchronous conveyors operate with a stop-and-go motion in which loads, usually contained in carriers (e.g., hooks, baskets, carts), move between stations and then stop and remain at the station until released. Asynchronous handling allows independent movement of each carrier in the system. Examples of this type include overhead power-and-free trolley, in-floor towline, and cart-on-track conveyors. Some roller and skate-wheel conveyors can also be operated asynchronously. Reasons for using asynchronous conveyors include: (1) to accumulate loads, (2) temporary storage, (3) to allow for differences in production rates between adjacent processing areas, (4)to smooth production when cycle times vary at stations along the conveyor, and (5) to accommodate different conveyor speeds along the pathway.Conveyors can also be classified as: (1) single direction, (2) continuous loop, and (3) recirculating. In the following paragraphs, we describe the operating features of these categories. In Section 10.6.3, we present equations and techniques with which to analyze these conveyor systems. Single direction conveyors are used to transport loads one way from origination point to destination point, as depicted in Figure 10.11(a). These systems are appropriate when there is no need to move loads in both directions or to return containers or carriers from the unloading stations back to the loading stations. Single direction powered conveyors include roller, skate wheel, belt, and chain-in-floor types. In addition, all gravity conveyors operate in one direction.Continuous loop conveyors form a complete circuit, as in Figure 10.11(b). An overhead trolley conveyor is an example of this conveyor type. However, any conveyor type can be configured as a loop, even those previously defined as single direction conveyors, simply by connecting several single direction conveyor sections into a closed loop. A continuous loop system slows materials to be moved between any two stations along the pathway. Continuous loop conveyors are used when loads are moved in carriers (e.g., hooks, baskets) between load and unload stations and the carriers are affixed to the conveyor loop. In this design, the empty carriers are automatically returned from the unload station back to the load station.The preceding description of a continuous loop conveyor assumes that items loaded at the load station are unloaded at the unload station. There are no loads in the return loop; the purpose of the return loop is simply to send the empty carriers back for reloading. This method of operation overlooks an important opportunity offered by a closed loop conveyor: to store as well as deliver parts. Conveyor systems that allow parts to remain on the return loop for one or more revolutions are called recirculating conveyors. In providing a storage function, the conveyor system can be used to accumulate parts to smooth out effects of loading and unloading variations at stations in the conveyor. There are two problems that can plague the operation of a recirculating conveyor system. One is that there may be times during the operation of the conveyor that no empty carriers are immediately available at the loading station when needed. The other problem is that no loaded carriers are immediately available at the unloading station when needed.It is possible to construct branching and merging points into a conveyor track to permit different routings for different loads moving in the system. In nearly all conveyor systems, it is possible to build switches, shuttles, or other mechanisms to achieve these alternate routings. In some systems, a push-pull mechanism or lift-and-carry device is required to actively move load from the current pathway onto the new pathwayThe take type transports the development trend of the machine1 The large take type transports the margin of the key core technique of the machine.machine dynamic state analysis and the monitor technique long pull, the big power take types transport the machine is the dynamic state design and monitors, it is the core technique that the large take type of check and supervision transports the machine development.Currently the our country transports the machine and establishes to compute the method and the design norms with the rigid theories analytical research take type, using the very high and safe system( take the n generally=10 or so) to the belt conveyer in the design, differing with actual circumstance very far.Actually the belt conveyer is to glue the flexible body, the long pull take type transports the machine its belt conveyer to drive to equip of since, make it is a very complicated process that dynamical dynamic state respond to, but cant use in brief just the physical strength learns to explain and compute.Developed the take type transports the machine dynamic state design method and the application softwares, at large transport on board move the tension to carry on the dynamic state analysis and the dynamic state monitors towards transporting the machine, lower the safe system of the belt conveyer, prolong the service life consumedly, insure to transport the credibility that the luck go, thus make the large take type transport the design of the machine to come to a the tallest level( safe coefficient n of belt conveyer=5-6), and make equipments cost of transport the machine is the belt conveyer cost particularly greatly for lower. Dependable can control soft start the technique and the power balanced technique long pull big carrying capacity take types to transport the machine is big because of the power, the distance is long and many machine drive, must adopt soft start the way to lower to transport the mechanism to move the tension, especially many electrical engineerings drive for hour.For reducing to the impact of the charged barbed wire net, soft start should have cent hour to start slowly and soon;Still need to control to transport the machine to start the acceleration 0.3-0.1 ms/ s2, resolve the loading to take and drive to take of take soon and synchronously problem and the belt conveyer swell phenomenon, reduce the impact toward a parts.Because of the manufacturing error margin and the electrical engineering characteristic error margin, each power that drives the point will appear the unbalance, once a certain electrical engineering power lead the great commander and will cause to burn the electrical engineering trouble, therefore, the power balance between each electrical engineering should take into the control, and raise the equilibrium accuracy.The domestic is already a great deal of to apply to adjust soon a liquid dint matches the machine accidentally to carry out to transport the machine soft to start with the power balance, resolving the long pull take type to transport the machine to start with the power balance and synchronization problems.But it regulates the accuracy and credibility and abroads to compare to still have the certain margin.In addition, the long pull big power take type transports the machine in addition to requesting a luck coal to take soon and outside, still need 1 to check to take of take soon, adjust soon a liquid dint matches the machine accidentally although the realization soft start and power balance, still need to research to manufacture the in keeping with long pull to adjust to equip soon without the class liquid dint.When single machine power500 kWs, can control the CST soft start to display the superiority.Because can control soft start is decelerate the planet wheel gear machine of inside the turn of rubs the clutch with wet type to combine.( namely glue sex to spread to move)Pass the comparison valve and the control systems to carry out soft start equilibrium with the power, it regulate the accuracy and can amount to 98% above.But the price is expensive, needing the national product urgently to turn.2 On the technique function marginThe our country take type transport the main function and parameters of the machine have already cant satisfy high produce efficiently the mineral well of demand, is a parts of key and its functions that the flexible take type of agreeable slot transports the machine particularly such as from move the machine tail and keep to take and bring to the stretch the device etc. and abroads to have the very big margin efficiently.Pack the machine power our country work faces the flexible take type of agreeable slot to transport the machine biggest pack the machine power as 4250 kWses of s, the foreign product can amount to 4970 kWses of s, the national product take type transport the machine packs the machine power to invite the for the country outside product of 30%40% of , fix the take type to transport the machine to pack the machine power discrepancy larger. Transport the ability our country take type transports the biggest carrying capacity of machine as 3000 ts/ h, the abroad is already the 5500 ts/ h.The biggest belt conveyer width our country take type transports the machine as 1400 mms, the abroad is biggest for the 1830 mms.Take soon because of entrusting the restrict turn soon, our country the take type transports the machine to take soon is 4 ms/ s, the abroad is above for 5 ms/ s.The work face agreeable slot conveyance the length our country is 3000 ms, abroad is 7300 ms.From move the machine tail along with high produce to work to face efficiently of appear continuously, request the flexible take type of agreeable slot to transport the machine machine to tailgate the fast propulsion that the work face but fast from move.Domestic from move the main dependence of the machine tail to import, mainly have 2 kinds of:( A)With turn to carry the machine to move together of be produce by the British LONGWALL company of from move the machine tail device.( B)The German DBT company produce of from move the machine tail device.The former onlies have a propulsion oil urn, the latter then has propulsions oil urn.The company of LONGWALL produce of claim to be the machine tail to used for to transport in the local bandwidth 1.2 ms on board, weakness is from move the machine tail belt conveyer to run to be partial to the quantity too small, the be partial to the ability weak, rigid bad.Germany produce of from move the machine tail to use the result in the domestic better than former, level, perpendicular directionses all adjust to be partial to the oil urn, the 纠 is partial to the ability strong.Therefore, the former still needs perfect, the latter then need to be research to manufacture.But to from move the request of the machine tail and is common, since to satisfy to transport the antiskid request of hour of normal work of machine, and then want to satisfy the realization under the condition of transporting the machine not to shut down quickly from move.Keep to take and bring to the stretch to equip the our country adoption closing type to keep to take the structure and winches efficiently red is a lord tightly, bring to the stretch the small car to jump the track easily, the belt conveyer runs to be partial to easily, the belt conveyer is flexible, giving the small car of not from move, need the artificial to change, check to fix the trouble.The abroad adoption structure forerunners open type keeps to take to equip to twist the , big route of travel to bring to the stretch the equipments automatically with high accuracy greatly, .The belt conveyer has to run to be partial to easily, will not appear to jump the track the phenomenon.Transport the machine species model species little, the function one, use the scope to be subjected to the limit, cant develop its effect well, if expand to carry the person and carry to anticipate or double to conveyance etc. function, attain a machine to use much;Moreover, the geology condition difference of the our country coal mine is very big, usually will appear some special requests in transporting the system to arrange, keeping go to such as the flection, big Cape of (25 s) the perpendicularity promotes the etc., should develop an appropriation model take type to transport the machine.中文翻译:输送机系统传送带通常适用于是移动量相对较大的场合。固定路径实施的跟踪系统,可在该层,上面的楼层,或架空。传送带分为两个基本类别:(1)供电(2)非供电。在动力传送带,权力机制的情况载于固定的路径,用铁链,皮带,旋转辊,或其他设备来推动的道路负荷。动力传送带是常用的自动物资运输系统的制造工厂,仓库和配送中心。在非动力传送带,材料被移到手动人类工人谁推动负载沿着固定的路径或重力从一个海拔到低海拔。传输的类型各种输送设备的商用化。在下面的段落中,我们描述的主要类型的动力传送带,有组织根据类型的机械动力提供固定的道路。滚子和滑板车轮输送。这些传送带已推出或车轮上的负载的旅程。荷载必须持有平底表面足够的面积,几个相邻的辊。托盘,背着锅,或纸箱以及为此目的。两个主要项目在这个类别中的滚轴溜冰轮传送带和输送。滚筒输送机,途径包括一系列管(滚轮)的垂直方向的旅行。滚筒载于一个固定的框架,提升了通路地板水平以上从几英寸到几英尺。平托盘或背着锅执行单位负载是向前发展的辊旋转。滚子传送带可以采用或不供电。动力滚筒输送机驱动是带或链条。非动力辊传送带往往是由重力比的途径已经开始走下坡路足以克服滚动摩擦。辊输送广泛用于各种应用,包括制造,装配,包装,分拣和分配。滑板轮传送带类似的行动,以辊输送。不是辊,他们使用的滑轮转动轴连接到内推出托盘或手提包盘或其他容器沿线的途径,如在图10.6 (b)项。这提供了滑冰轮输送了更轻的建设比辊输送。应用滑冰轮传送带类似滚筒传送带,但一般的负载必须更轻,因为之间的接触载荷和输送都必须更集中。由于其重量轻,溜冰轮传送带有时建成便携式设备,可用于装卸货车在发运和接收码头在工厂和仓库。带式输送机。带式输送机包括一个连续循环:一半的长度是用于提供材料,而另一半是返回运行。带了钢筋弹性体(橡胶) ,因此它具有较高的灵活性,但低的可扩展性。在另一端的输送是一个驱动辊权力带。灵活的带支持的框架已辊或支持滑块沿着循环。带式输送机有两种常见形式: (1)平带托盘,个别地区,甚至某些类型的散装材料;及(2) troughed带散装材料。材料放在带表面沿移动途径。在案件troughed带式输送机,滚筒和支持给予灵活带了一台V形的前进(交付)环含有大量的材料,如煤炭,砂石,粮食,或类似的微粒材料。输送链条驱动和电缆。传送带在这个组的带动下动力链或电缆,形成一个无限循环。在某些情况下,循环形式的直线,以滑轮两端。这通常是在一个以上和以下的配置。在其他传送带,循环具有更复杂的路径,有两个以上的滑轮需要确定形状的路径。我们讨论以下传送带在这一类:(1)链,(2)条,(3)在地板拖缆,(
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