空气压缩机机身铣三斜面专用机床夹紧系统、液压系统设计【说明书+CAD】
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无锡太湖学院机械加工工艺过程卡片产品型号W-1.0/7零(部)件图号 W1.0-10-01共 2 页产品名称空气压缩机 零(部)件名称曲轴箱第 1 页材料牌号HT200毛坯种类铸件毛坯外形尺寸每毛坯件数1 每台件数 1 备注工序号工序名称工 序 内 容车间工段设 备工 艺 装 备工 时准终 单件10检毛坯入厂检查质检1.铸件质量应符合GB9439-88灰铸铁的规定要求2.外观铸件无沙眼，气孔，裂纹等缺陷。20准备 清砂处理1.喷丸至外表面无砂粒2.浸涂铁红防锈漆30铣以顶面定位,粗,精铣曲箱底脚平面.保证图纸要求,粗糙度6.3金工W1.0-742-0135钳以顶面定位上钻夹具,钻底脚孔保证图纸要求金工W1.0-732-0140铣以底脚定位,粗,精铣大孔端面,两平面,留余量2-3mm,保证粗糙度3.2金工50镗1.上专机,以底脚定位,镗大小孔,留余量0.2mm金工专机12.粗铰大小孔,按图纸尺寸留余量0.05-0.06mm3.精铰大小孔,保证图纸要求,保证粗糙度1.660铣1.以底脚定位,粗,精铣小孔端面,按图纸要求,保证两平面尺寸,保证粗糙度3.2金工2.粗,精铣油标凸台平面,保证图纸要求,保证粗糙度3.265铣以大孔,大孔端面定位,粗精铣三斜面,保证图纸要求,粗糙度3.2W1.0-742-0270镗以大孔,大孔端面定位,上专机,粗,精镗三斜孔,保证图纸要求,金工专机2等高块保证粗糙度3.280钳划线,找正油标凸台中心,放油孔中心金工编制（日期）审核（日期）会签（日期）标记 处数 更改文件号签字日期标记处数 更改文件号签字日期无锡太湖学院机械加工工艺过程卡片产品型号W-1.0/7零(部)件图号 W1.0-10-01共 2 页产品名称空气压缩机 零(部)件名称曲轴箱第 2 页材料牌号HT200毛坯种类铸件毛坯外形尺寸每毛坯件数1 每台件数 1 备注工序号工序名称工 序 内 容车间工段设 备工 艺 装 备工 时准终 单件90钳1.钻放油孔金工2.刮平放油孔平面3.放油孔攻丝4.钻油标定位孔5.上油标夹具,钻,攻,油标孔通用夹具100钳以底脚定位,上斜角铁夹具,上钻模,钻,攻两斜面螺纹孔金工W1.0-732-02110钳1.划线,找正加油孔中心金工2.以底脚平面定位,上钻模,钻,攻顶面螺纹孔.3.钻,攻,加油孔,保证图纸要求,保证粗糙度6.3120钳以大孔及平面定位,上钻模,钻,攻两平面螺纹孔,孔的分布按图纸金工W1.0-732-03要求,保证粗糙度6.3130 辅助 去毛刺,清洗,干燥金工140检入库检验(按图纸要求)质检编制（日期）审核（日期）会签（日期）标记 处数 更改文件号签字日期标记处数 更改文件号签字日期无无锡锡太太湖湖学学院院机机械械加加工工工工序序卡卡片片产产品品型型号号W1.0-10-01零零( (部部) )件件图图号号共共 7 页页产产品品名名称称空气压缩机零零( (部部) )件件名名称称曲轴箱第第 1 页页车车间间工工序序号号工工序序名名称称材材料料牌牌号号金工30铣底脚平面HT200毛毛坯坯种种类类毛毛坯坯外外形形尺尺寸寸每每坯坯件件数数每每台台件件数数铸件204*328*28811设设备备名名称称设设备备型型号号设设备备编编号号同同时时加加工工件件数数卧铣XA61321夹夹具具编编号号夹夹具具名名称称冷冷却却液液粗铣底脚夹具工工序序工工时时准准终终单单件件工工序序号号工工 步步 内内 容容工工 艺艺 内内 容容主主轴轴转转速速切切削削速速度度走走刀刀量量吃吃刀刀深深 走走刀刀次次数数工工时时定定额额机机动动 辅辅助助以曲轴大孔不加工面及端面定位，大孔内壁压紧1粗铣底脚至尺寸1600.1 YG634硬质合金刀片 300钢直尺150r/min94.2m/min3mm2.19 0.392精铣底脚，保证尺寸。YG634硬质合金刀片 300钢直尺235r/min147.6m/min1mm1.36 0.24检编编制制（日日期期）审审核核（日日期期）会会签签（日日期期）标标记记处处数数更更改改文文件件号号签签字字日日期期标标记记更更改改文文件件号号签签字字日日期期无无锡锡太太湖湖学学院院机机械械加加工工工工序序卡卡片片产产品品型型号号W1.0-10-01零零( (部部) )件件图图号号共共 7 页页产产品品名名称称空气压缩机零零( (部部) )件件名名称称曲轴箱第第 2 页页车车间间工工序序号号工工序序名名称称材材料料牌牌号号金工40粗、精铣大孔端面HT200毛毛坯坯种种类类 毛毛坯坯外外形形尺尺寸寸每每坯坯件件数数每每台台件件数数铸件204*328*28811设设备备名名称称设设备备型型号号设设备备编编号号同同时时加加工工件件数数卧铣XA61321夹夹具具编编号号夹夹具具名名称称冷冷却却液液粗精铣端面夹具工工序序工工时时准准终终单单件件工工序序号号工工 步步 内内 容容工工 艺艺 内内 容容主主轴轴转转速速切切削削速速度度走走刀刀量量吃吃刀刀深深走走刀刀次次数数工工时时定定额额机机动动 辅辅助助以底脚和小孔定位，小孔压紧内壁1粗铣端面至尺寸790.1，兼顾198，留余量2-3mmYG634硬质合金刀 300钢直尺118r/min 92.7m/min3mm2.95 0.532精铣端面，保证表面粗糙度Ra=3.2mYG634硬质合金刀 300钢直尺190r/min 149.2m/min1mm1.87 0.034检编编制制（日日期期）审审核核（日日期期）会会签签（日日期期）标标记记处处数数更更改改文文件件号号签签字字日日期期标标记记处处数数 更更改改文文件件号号签签字字日日期期无无锡锡太太湖湖学学院院机机械械加加工工工工序序卡卡片片产产品品型型号号W1.0-10-01零零( (部部) )件件图图号号共共 7 页页产产品品名名称称空气压缩机零零( (部部) )件件名名称称曲轴箱第第 3 页页车车间间工工序序号号工工序序名名称称材材料料牌牌号号金工50镗大小孔HT200毛毛坯坯种种类类 毛毛坯坯外外形形尺尺寸寸每每坯坯件件数数每每台台件件数数铸件204*328*28811设设备备名名称称设设备备型型号号设设备备编编号号同同时时加加工工件件数数镗床T681夹夹具具编编号号夹夹具具名名称称冷冷却却液液镗大小孔夹具工工序序工工时时准准终终单单件件工工序序号号工工 步步 内内 容容工工 艺艺 内内 容容主主轴轴转转速速 切切削削速速度度走走刀刀量量吃吃刀刀深深走走刀刀次次数数工工时时定定额额机机动动辅辅助助以低脚平面定位，压紧底脚1镗大孔160至175 ,保证尺寸1200.1 YT6镗刀 200mm游标卡尺30r/min 16.5m/min7.5mm31.730.312镗小孔80至90 YT6镗刀 200mm游标卡尺80r/min 22.6m/min5mm21.680.33检编编制制（日日期期）审审核核（日日期期）会会签签（日日期期）标标记记处处数数更更改改文文件件号号签签字字日日期期标标记记 处处数数 更更改改文文件件号号签签字字日日期期无无锡锡太太湖湖学学院院机机械械加加工工工工序序卡卡片片产产品品型型号号W1.0-10-01零零( (部部) )件件图图号号共共 7 页页产产品品名名称称空气压缩机零零( (部部) )件件名名称称曲轴箱第第 4 页页车车间间工工序序号号工工序序名名称称材材料料牌牌号号金工60粗、精铣小孔端面HT200毛毛坯坯种种类类 毛毛坯坯外外形形尺尺寸寸每每坯坯件件数数每每台台件件数数铸件204*328*28811设设备备名名称称设设备备型型号号设设备备编编号号同同时时加加工工件件数数卧铣XA61321夹夹具具编编号号夹夹具具名名称称冷冷却却液液粗精铣端面夹具工工序序工工时时准准终终单单件件工工序序号号工工 步步 内内 容容工工 艺艺 内内 容容主主轴轴转转速速切切削削速速度度走走刀刀量量吃吃刀刀深深 走走刀刀次次数数工工时时定定额额机机动动 辅辅助助以底脚和大孔端面定位，大孔压紧内壁1粗铣端面至尺寸198YG634硬质合金刀 300钢直尺190r/min 119.4m/min3mm1.27 0.232精铣端面，保证尺寸198YG634硬质合金刀 300钢直尺235r/min 147.7m/min1mm10.18检编编制制（日日期期）审审核核（日日期期） 会会签签（日日期期）标标记记处处数数更更改改文文件件号号签签字字日日期期标标记记处处数数 更更改改文文件件号号签签字字日日期期无无锡锡太太湖湖学学院院机机械械加加工工工工序序卡卡片片产产品品型型号号W1.0-10-01零零( (部部) )件件图图号号共共 7 页页产产品品名名称称空气压缩机零零( (部部) )件件名名称称曲轴箱第第 5 页页车车间间工工序序号号工工序序名名称称材材料料牌牌号号金工65粗铣三斜面HT200毛毛坯坯种种类类 毛毛坯坯外外形形尺尺寸寸每每坯坯件件数数每每台台件件数数铸件204*328*28811设设备备名名称称设设备备型型号号设设备备编编号号同同时时加加工工件件数数卧铣XA61321夹夹具具编编号号夹夹具具名名称称冷冷却却液液斜面铣夹具工工序序工工时时准准终终单单件件工工序序号号工工 步步 内内 容容工工 艺艺 内内 容容主主轴轴转转速速切切削削速速度度走走刀刀量量吃吃刀刀深深 走走刀刀次次数数工工时时定定额额机机动动 辅辅助助以大孔和大孔端面定位，以底脚平面校三斜面角度1粗铣三斜面至尺寸121 ，保证相互角度60YG634硬质合金刀 300钢直尺190r/mn 119.4m/min3mm1.20.22检编编制制（日日期期） 审审核核（日日期期）会会签签（日日期期）标标记记处处数数更更改改文文件件号号签签字字日日期期标标记记 处处数数更更改改文文件件号号签签字字日日期期无无锡锡太太湖湖学学院院机机械械加加工工工工序序卡卡片片产产品品型型号号W1.0-10-01零零( (部部) )件件图图号号共共 7 页页产产品品名名称称空气压缩机零零( (部部) )件件名名称称曲轴箱第第 6 页页车车间间工工序序号号工工序序名名称称材材料料牌牌号号金工65精铣三斜面HT200毛毛坯坯种种类类 毛毛坯坯外外形形尺尺寸寸每每坯坯件件数数每每台台件件数数铸件204*328*28811设设备备名名称称设设备备型型号号设设备备编编号号同同时时加加工工件件数数卧铣XA61321夹夹具具编编号号夹夹具具名名称称冷冷却却液液斜面铣夹具工工序序工工时时准准终终单单件件工工序序号号工工 步步 内内 容容工工 艺艺 内内 容容主主轴轴转转速速切切削削速速度度走走刀刀量量吃吃刀刀深深 走走刀刀次次数数工工时时定定额额机机动动 辅辅助助以大孔和大孔端面定位，以底脚平面校三斜面角度1 精铣三斜面至尺寸1200.1 ，保证相互角度60YG634硬质合金刀 300钢直尺235r/min 147.7m/min1mm0.95 0.17检 将平面放置平板，22标准块为测量基准22标准块 编编制制（日日期期）审审核核（日日期期）会会签签（日日期期）标标记记处处数数更更改改文文件件号号签签字字日日期期标标记记处处数数更更改改文文件件号号签签字字日日期期无无锡锡太太湖湖学学院院机机械械加加工工工工序序卡卡片片产产品品型型号号W1.0-10-01零零( (部部) )件件图图号号共共 7 页页产产品品名名称称空气压缩机零零( (部部) )件件名名称称曲轴箱第第 7 页页车车间间工工序序号号工工序序名名称称材材料料牌牌号号金工70镗三斜孔HT200毛毛坯坯种种类类毛毛坯坯外外形形尺尺寸寸每每坯坯件件数数每每台台件件数数铸件204*328*28811设设备备名名称称设设备备型型号号设设备备编编号号同同时时加加工工件件数数镗床T681夹夹具具编编号号夹夹具具名名称称冷冷却却液液斜面铣夹具工工序序工工时时准准终终单单件件工工序序号号工工 步步 内内 容容工工 艺艺 内内 容容主主轴轴转转速速切切削削速速度度走走刀刀量量吃吃刀刀深深 走走刀刀次次数数工工时时定定额额机机动动 辅辅助助以大孔和大孔端面定位，脚板平面辅助定位，用百分首先必须校正夹具表应校准孔平面。注意压板的方向1粗镗三斜孔至尺寸106.2 ，保证尺寸790.1和YT6镗刀 200mm游标卡尺60r/min19.8m/min2.5mm12.48 0.45200.12粗镗三斜孔至尺寸105 保证尺寸790.1和200.1YT6镗刀 200mm游标卡尺60r/min19.8m/min2.5mm12.48 0.45检编编制制（日日期期） 审审核核（日日期期）会会签签（日日期期）标标记记处处数数更更改改文文件件号号签签字字日日期期标标记记处处数数更更改改文文件件号号 签签字字日日期期 存档编码：无无锡锡太太湖湖学学院院 2013 届届毕毕业业作作业业周周次次进进度度计计划划、检检查查落落实实表表 系别：信机系 班级：机械97 学生姓名：沈靖雯 课题（设计）名称：空气压缩机机身铣三斜面专机夹紧系统、液压系统设计 开始日期：2012年11月12日周次起止日期工作计划、进度每周主要完成内容存在问题、改进方法指导教师意见并签字备 注1-32012年11月12日-2012年12月2日教师下达毕业设计任务，学生初步阅读资料，完成毕业设计开题报告。按照任务书要求查阅论文相关参考资料，填写毕业设计开题报告书对课题了解不清楚，由老师的讲解，清楚的知道自己的任务，并根据模板修改格式4-102012年12月3日-2013年1月20日指导专业实训机械制造工艺及夹具设计课程设计对夹具的认知不够，老师进行了相应的指导11-122013年1月21日-3月1日指导毕业实习了解医疗器械的特点，在熟悉的基础上销售医疗器械没有接触过医疗器械，要向领导多请教132013年3月4日-3月8日完成零件平面图，确定工艺总体方案完成零件的平面设计，并写出最佳的机械加工工艺过程卡零件图有些看不懂，通过同学的帮助，了解了零件是什么样的142013年3月11日-3月15日完成工艺规程设计根据加工工艺过程卡，完成每个工序所需的计算，并绘制工序卡要计算切削用量及基本工时，通过查阅书籍资料152013年3月18日-3月22日完成夹具的全部零部件及总装图完成铣三斜面夹具的零件图不知道线型的标准，尺寸标注的规格，通过向老师请教才弄懂162013年3月25日-3月29日完成夹具的全部零部件完成三斜面的夹具设计标准件的尺寸及选用，通过图书馆的书籍查阅172013年4月1日-4月5日完成夹具的全部零部件及总装图完成三斜面的夹具总装图我所用的是CAD绘图，比较方便182013年4月8日-4月12日完成夹具说明书和开题报告内各项任务，及相关文件的撰写开始撰写说明书，完成中英文摘要及英文翻译对论文的思路和摘要的内容不明确，通过老师的指导解决周次起止日期工作计划、进度每周主要完成内容存在问题、改进方法指导教师意见并签字备 注192013年4月15日-4月19日完成夹具说明书和开题报告内各项任务，及相关文件的撰写完成说明书对论文的思路和摘要的内容不明确，通过老师的指导解决202013年4月22日-4月26日详细审阅设计计算、说明书及图纸并修改按学校毕业设计论文格式要求，再次检查论文及图纸并修改各个部分的格式要求，通过学校给的格式模板解决212013年4月29日-5月3日递交初稿按学校毕业设计论文装订要求，进行所有材料的整理在三线表里的中间一横不知道怎么弄出来，在反复修改后，成功制成。222013年5月6日-5月10日完善修改论文按学校毕业设计论文装订要求，进行所有材料的整理结论与展望是针对这次设计的工作总结而不是思想总结。232013年5月13日-5月17日补充论文及图纸文件按学校毕业设计论文装订要求，进行所有材料的整理资料顺序不对，需对照要求核查，进行装订242013年5月20日-5月25日递交论文，准备答辩材料梳理论文知识，准备答辩论文中相关知识有遗忘，需进行全面论文知识的复习252627 说明： 1、“工作计划、进度”、“指导教师意见并签字”由指导教师填写，“每周主要完成内容”，“存在问题、改进方法”由学生填写。 2、本表由各系妥善归档，保存备查。编号无锡太湖学院毕业设计（论文）相关资料题目：空气压缩机机身铣三斜面专用机 床夹紧系统、液压系统设计 信机 系 机械工程及其自动化 专业学 号： 0923803学生姓名： 沈靖雯 指导教师： 张大骏（职称：高级工程师） （职称： ）2013年5月25日目 录一、毕业设计（论文）开题报告二、毕业设计（论文）外文资料翻译及原文三、学生“毕业论文（论文）计划、进度、检查及落实表”四、实习鉴定表无锡太湖学院毕业设计（论文）开题报告题目：空气压缩机机身铣三斜面专用机 床夹紧系统、液压系统设计 信机系 机械工程及其自动化 专业学 号： 0923803 学生姓名： 沈靖雯 指导教师： 张大骏（职称：高级工程师） （职称： ）2012年11月25日课题来源本课题是由无锡市力源压缩机有限公司提供的系统课题科学依据（包括课题的科学意义；国内外研究概况、水平和发展趋势；应用前景等）力源压缩机有限公司（原无锡市第二压缩机厂）是一家具有多年制造小型空气压缩机的生产公司，生产经验十分丰富，但多年来生产的品种繁多，型号变换快，一直来形成相当的规模。近期参加了上海压缩机集团，因而在若干品种上有较大批量的生产任务，这样就需要由原来单件小批量的规模扩展为成批生产，对此就需要有符合生产纲领的机械加工工艺及与之适应的加工专用机床。本课题是应该公司要求提供该公司的设计方案。研究内容1、适合的生产加工工艺2、机加工工艺相配的专用机床夹具和液压系统（包括总体方案、部件及控制系统设计方案）要求其经济性好，并能为该生产厂家适用。拟采取的研究方法、技术路线、实验方案及可行性分析力源压缩机有限公司是生产小型空气压缩机的专业厂家，有多年生产经历（三十余年）积累了丰富的经验。现在面临扩大规模和转型。厂方可提供一定的技术资料。并可以接受学生的参观实习，所以先组织学生下厂参观，接受任务，熟悉原有的单件、小批量生产工艺情况及所使用的设备。在此基础上提出新的加工工艺和符合新工艺的加工专用机床方案，供厂方讨论，提出改进意见。然后设计完整的的机械加工工艺方案及相应的机械加工专用机床。研究计划及预期成果研究计划：2012年11月 布置任务。熟悉工厂情况，下厂参观 2013年1月 下厂参观实习，熟悉工厂的生产情况 2013年2月3月 拟定工艺方案，提出专机夹具方案，供讨论 2013年4月5日10日 确定机械加工工艺方案，夹具总体布置 11日20日 夹具设计、液压设计 21日30日 改进并完成设计 2013年5月1日10日 撰写设计说明书 11日15日 总结预期成果：图纸、设计说明书特色或创新之处该专用机床既可以适用于二斜面的空气压缩机机身的斜面加工，也可以使用与机身的三斜面加工。有相当的柔性，且精度提高，生产效率提高。劳动强度减轻。已具备的条件和尚需解决的问题力源压缩机有限公司可提供一部分技术资料及生产经验，并可容纳学生参观实习，但设计资料缺乏，需自行收集。指导教师意见同意作为本专业学生毕业设计课题，其难度和工作量均合适。 指导教师签名：年 月 日教研室（学科组、研究所）意见 教研室主任签名： 年 月 日系意见 主管领导签名： 年 月 日英文原文Machine design theory The machine design is through designs the new product or improves the old product to meet the human need the application technical science. It involves the project technology each domain, mainly studies the product the size, the shape and the detailed structure basic idea, but also must study the product the personnel which in aspect the and so on manufacture, sale and use question.Carries on each kind of machine design work to be usually called designs the personnel or machine design engineer. The machine design is a creative work. Project engineer not only must have the creativity in the work, but also must in aspect and so on mechanical drawing, kinematics, engineerig material, materials mechanics and machine manufacture technology has the deep elementary knowledge. If front sues, the machine design goal is the production can meet the human need the product. The invention, the discovery and technical knowledge itself certainly not necessarily can bring the advantage to the humanity, only has when they are applied can produce on the product the benefit. Thus, should realize to carries on before the design in a specific product, must first determine whether the people do need this kind of productMust regard as the machine design is the machine design personnel carries on using creative ability the product design, the system analysis and a formulation product manufacture technology good opportunity. Grasps the project elementary knowledge to have to memorize some data and the formula is more important than. The merely service data and the formula is insufficient to the completely decision which makes in a good design needs. On the other hand, should be earnest precisely carries on all operations. For example, even if places wrong a decimal point position, also can cause the correct design to turn wrongly.A good design personnel should dare to propose the new idea, moreover is willing to undertake the certain risk, when the new method is not suitable, use original method. Therefore, designs the personnel to have to have to have the patience, because spends the time and the endeavor certainly cannot guarantee brings successfully. A brand-new design, the request screen abandons obsoletely many, knows very well the method for the people. Because many person of conservativeness, does this certainly is not an easy matter. A mechanical designer should unceasingly explore the improvement existing product the method, should earnestly choose originally, the process confirmation principle of design in this process, with has not unified it after the confirmation new idea. Newly designs itself can have the question occurrence which many flaws and has not been able to expect, only has after these flaws and the question are solved, can manifest new goods come into the market the product superiority. Therefore, a performance superior product is born at the same time, also is following a higher risk. Should emphasize, if designs itself does not request to use the brand-new method, is not unnecessary merely for the goal which transform to use the new method. In the design preliminary stage, should allow to design the personnel fully to display the creativity, not each kind of restraint. Even if has had many impractical ideas, also can in the design early time, namely in front of the plan blueprint is corrected. Only then, only then does not send to stops up the innovation the mentality. Usually, must propose several sets of design proposals, then perform the comparison. Has the possibility very much in the plan which finally designated, has used certain not in plan some ideas which accepts. How does the psychologist frequently discuss causes the machine which the people adapts them to operate. Designs personnels basic responsibility is diligently causes the machine to adapt the people. This certainly is not an easy work, because certainly does not have to all people to say in fact all is the most superior operating area and the operating process. Another important question, project engineer must be able to carry on the exchange and the consultation with other concerned personnel. In the initial stage, designs the personnel to have to carry on the exchange and the consultation on the preliminary design with the administrative personnel, and is approved. This generally is through the oral discussion, the schematic diagram and the writing material carries on. In order to carry on the effective exchange, needs to solve the following problem: (1) designs whether this product truly does need for the people? Whether there is competitive ability (2) does this product compare with other companies existing similar products? (3) produces this kind of product is whether economical? (4) product service is whether convenient? (5) product whether there is sale? Whether may gain?Only has the time to be able to produce the correct answer to above question. But, the product design, the manufacture and the sale only can in carry on to the above question preliminary affirmation answer foundation in. Project engineer also should through the detail drawing and the assembly drawing, carries on the consultation together with the branch of manufacture to the finally design proposal.Usually, can have some problem in the manufacture process. Possibly can request to some components size or the common difference makes some changes, causes the components the production to change easily. But, in the project change must have to pass through designs the personnel to authorize, guaranteed cannot damage the product the function. Sometimes, when in front of product assembly or in the packing foreign shipment experiment only then discovers in the design some kind of flaw. These instances exactly showed the design is a dynamic process. Always has a better method to complete the design work, designs the personnel to be supposed unceasingly diligently, seeks these better method. Recent year, the engineerig material choice already appeared importantly. In addition, the choice process should be to the material continuously the unceasing again appraisal process. The new material unceasingly appears, but some original materials can obtain the quantity possibly can reduce. The environmental pollution, material recycling aspect and so on use, workers health and security frequently can attach the new limiting condition to the choice of material. In order to reduce the weight or saves the energy, possibly can request the use different material. Comes from domestic and international competition, to product service maintenance convenience request enhancement and customers aspect the and so on feedback pressure, can urge the people to carry on to the material reappraises. Because the material does not select when created the product responsibility lawsuit, has already had the profound influence. In addition, the material and between the material processing interdependence is already known by the people clearly. Therefore, in order to can and guarantees the quality in the reasonable cost under the premise to obtain satisfaction the result, project engineer makes engineers all to have earnestly carefully to choose, the determination and the use material. Makes any product the first step of work all is designs. Designs usually may divide into several explicit stages: (a) preliminary design; (b) functional design; (c) production design. In the preliminary design stage, the designer emphatically considered the product should have function. Usually must conceive and consider several plans, then decided this kind of thought is whether feasible; If is feasible, then should makes the further improvement to or several plans. In this stage, the question which only must consider about the choice of material is: Whether has the performance to conform to the request material to be possible to supply the choice; If no, whether has a bigger assurance all permits in the cost and the time in the limit develops one kind of new material.In the functional design and the engineering design stage, needs to make a practical feasible design. Must draw up the quite complete blueprint in this stage, chooses and determines each kind of components the material. Usually must make the prototype or the working model, and carries on the experiment to it, the appraisal product function, the reliability, the outward appearance and the service maintenance and so on. Although this kind of experiment possibly can indicate, enters in the product to the production base in front of, should replace certain materials, but, absolutely cannot this point take not earnestly chooses the material the excuse. Should unify the product the function, earnestly carefully considers the product the outward appearance, the cost and the reliability. Has the achievement very much the company when manufacture all prototypes, selects the material should the material which uses with its production in be same, and uses the similar manufacture technology as far as possible. Like this has the advantage very much to the company. The function complete prototype if cannot act according to the anticipated sales volume economically to make, or is prototypical and the official production installment has in the quality and the reliable aspect is very greatly different, then this kind of prototype does not have the great value. Project engineer is best can completely complete the material in this stage the analysis, the choice and the determination work, but is not remains it to the production design stage does. Because, is carries on in the production design stage material replacement by other people, these people are inferior to project engineer to the product all functions understanding. I n the production design stage, is should completely determine with the material related main question the material, causes them to adapt with the existing equipment, can use the existing equipment economically to carry on the processing, moreover the material quantity can quite be easy to guarantee the supply. In the manufacture process, inevitably can appear to uses the material to make some changes the situation. The experience indicated that, may use certain cheap materials to take the substitute. However, in the majority situation, in will carry on the production later to change the material to have in to start before the production to change the price which the material will spend to have to be higher than. Completes the choice of material work in the design stage, may avoid the most such situations. Started after the production manufacture to appear has been possible to supply the use the new material is replaces the material the most common reason. Certainly, these new materials possibly reduce the cost, the improvement product performance. But, must carry on the earnest appraisal to the new material, guarantees its all performance all to answer the purpose. Must remember that, the new material performance and the reliable very few pictures materials on hand such understood for the people. The majority of products expiration and the product accident caused by negligence case is because in selects the new material to take in front of substitution material, not truly understood their long-term operational performance causes. The product responsibility lawsuit forces designs the personnel and the company when the choice material, uses the best procedure. In the material process, five most common questions are: (a) did not understand or cannot use about the material application aspect most newly the best information paper; (b) has not been able to foresee and to consider the dusk year possible reasonable use (for example to have the possibility, designs the personnel also to be supposed further to forecast and the consideration because product application method not when creates consequence. ecent years many products responsibilities lawsuit case, because wrongly uses the plaintiff which the product receives the injury to accuse produces the factory, and wins the decision); (c) uses the material data not entire perhaps some data are indefinite, works as its long-term performance data is the like this time in particular; (d) the quality control method is not suitable and not after the confirmation; (e) the personnel which completely is not competent for the post by some chooses the material. Through to the above five questions analysis, may obtain these questions is does not have the sufficient reason existence the conclusion. May for avoid these questions to these questions research analyses the appearance indicating the direction. Although uses the best choice of material method not to be able to avoid having the product responsibility lawsuit, designs the personnel and the industry carries on the choice of material according to the suitable procedure, may greatly reduce the lawsuit the quantity. May see from the above discussion, the choice material people should to the material nature, the characteristic and the processing method have comprehensive and the basic understanding.中文译文机械设计理论机械设计是一门通过设计新产品或者改进老产品来满足人类需求的应用技术科学。它涉及工程技术的各个领域，主要研究产品的尺寸、形状和详细结构的基本构思，还要研究产品在制造、销售和使用等方面的问题。进行各种机械设计工作的人员通常被称为设计人员或者机械设计工程师。机械设计是一项创造性的工作。设计工程师不仅在工作上要有创造性，还必须在机械制图、运动学、工程材料、材料力学和机械制造工艺学等方面具有深厚的基础知识。 如前所诉，机械设计的目的是生产能够满足人类需求的产品。发明、发现和科技知识本身并不一定能给人类带来好处，只有当它们被应用在产品上才能产生效益。因而，应该认识到在一个特定的产品进行设计之前，必须先确定人们是否需要这种产品。应当把机械设计看成是机械设计人员运用创造性的才能进行产品设计、系统分析和制定产品的制造工艺学的一个良机。掌握工程基础知识要比熟记一些数据和公式更为重要。仅仅使用数据和公式是不足以在一个好的设计中做出所需的全部决定的。另一方面，应该认真精确的进行所有运算。例如，即使将一个小数点的位置放错，也会使正确的设计变成错误的。一个好的设计人员应该勇于提出新的想法，而且愿意承担一定的风险，当新的方法不适用时，就使用原来的方法。因此，设计人员必须要有耐心，因为 所花费的时间和努力并不能保证带来成功。一个全新的设计，要求屏弃许多陈旧的，为人们所熟知的方法。由于许多人墨守成规，这样做并不是一件容易的事。一位机械设计师应该不断地探索改进现有的产品的方法，在此过程中应该认真选择原有的、经过验证的设计原理，将其与未经过验证的新观念结合起来。新设计本身会有许多缺陷和未能预料的问题发生，只有当这些缺陷和问题被解决之后，才能体现出新产品的优越性。因此，一个性能优越的产品诞生的同时，也伴随着较高的风险。应该强调的是，如果设计本身不要求采用全新的方法，就没有必要仅仅为了变革的目的而采用新方法。在设计的初始阶段，应该允许设
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