《句子的翻译》PPT课件

SentenceTranslation,SubjectSelecting,TeachingplanforSentenceTranslation,1.selectingasubject2.selectingapredictandtheagreementbetweensubjectandpredict3.Adjustingwordorder4.Translationofnegativesentences5.Realizingfunctionalequivalence,Outlineforthisclass,Subject-prominentvsTopic-prominent以原句主语作为译文主语重新确定主语增补主语,HypotaxisvsParataxis,Hypotaxis形合:Thedependentorsubordinateconstructionorrelationshipofclausesarrangedwithconnectives;Parataxis意合:Thearrangingofclausesoneaftertheotherwithoutconnectivesshowingtherelationbetweenthem;,1.SubjectVerb2.SubjectLink.VPredicate3.SubjectVerbObject4.SubjectVerbIndirectobjectDirectobject5.SubjectVerbObjectComplement,Subject-prominentvsTopic-prominent,InanEnglishsentence,prominenceisusuallygiventothesubject.TherearefivebasicsentencepatternsinEnglish:SV,SVC,SVO,SVO1O2,SVOC,allwithSVasitsessentials.WecanventuretosaythatanEnglishsentenceisbuiltonthesubject-predict-pivot,withthesubjectandpredicateinagreement.Ontheotherhand,aChinesesentenceoftenlaysemphasisonthethoughtornotion,soitisbasedonthethoughtpivot.,以原句主语作为译文主语,清风拂过树梢Asoftwindkissedthetreetops.如镜的水面吸引我们下水游泳Thecalmwaterinvitedustoswim.,他确乎有点像棵树，坚壮、沉默、而又有生气。Hewasindeedratherlikeatree,sturdy,silentyetfulloflife.,马达就是发动不起来Themotorcouldntbestarted.Themotorrefusedtostart.如果不适当地处理，锅炉及机动车辆排除的废气就会造成城市空气污染。Exhaustfromboilersandvehicles,unlessproperlytreated,causesairpollutionincities.,然而悲惨的皱纹，却也从他的眉头和嘴角出现了。Miserablewrinklesbegantoappearbetweenhiseyebrowsandroundhismouth.,话说天下大势，分久必合，合久必分。周末七国分争，并入于秦。Domainsunderheaven,afteralongperiodofdivision,tendstounite;afteralongperiodofunion,tendstodivide.Thishasbeensosinceantiquity.WhentheruleoftheZhouDynastyweakened,sevencontendingkingdomssprangup*,warringonewithanotheruntilthekingdomofQinprevailedandpossessedtheempire*.,重新确定主语,历史上，英国国王一直把伦敦塔当作囚禁自己私敌和政敌的监狱。LondonTowerinhistoryhasalwaysservedasaprisonoftheEnglishkingspersonalandpoliticalenemies.,于是，暮色中匆匆的人群里，总有我赶路的身影，雨里，雾里，雪里，只盼着早些回家Thusthegatheringdarkoftenfindsmehasteninghomeinahurryingcrowd.Whetheritrainsorsnows,windyorfoggy,itisthelongingtobehomethatquickensmystepsFind:atimeoreventfindssborsthinaparticularsituationordoingaparticularthing,世纪之交，中国外交空前活跃。TheturnofthecenturyfindsChinamostactiveonthediplomaticarena.Attheturnofthecentury,Chinaisveryactiveinitsdiplomaticactivities.,一九六四年十月中国爆炸了第一颗原子弹，使世界大为震惊。ChinasfirstatomicblastinOctober,1964wasagreatshocktotherestoftheworld.InOctober,1964,Chinablasteditsfirstautomaticbomb,whichshockedtherestoftheworldgreatly.October1964witnessedChinasfirstatomicblastwhichshockedtherestoftheworldgreatly.,母亲一把大剪刀，仿佛裁掉了我童年的忧伤，给我剪出一个原来如此瑰丽的世界。Motherhadabigpairofscissors,withwhichsheseemedtocutoffthesorrowsofmychildhoodandcutoutformesuchasurprisingbeautifulworld.,增补主语,只有冷静才能成功Successdependsoncalmminds通过在广州的见闻以及随后在各地的访问，我们的忧虑已化为喜悦。ThenewsthatgreetedusinGuangzhouandourvisitlatertovariousplacesturnedanxietytojoy.,不懂就是不懂，不要装懂。不要摆官架子。钻进去，几个月，一年两年，三年五年，总可以学会的。Wemustnotpretendtoknowwhenwedonotknow.Wemustnotputonbureaucraticairs.Ifwedigintoasubjectforseveralmonths,forayearortwo,forthreeorfiveyears,weshalleventuallymasteritPutonbureaucraticairs:actlikethemasterof,空旷的山野上，当起了她甜甜的笑声。Inthewilderness,hersweetsoundsoflaughterroseandfelllikewaves.,农民缺乏训练，许多农场生产力低下，这就使得大多数农民处于贫穷的困境。Inadequatetrainingforfarmersandthelowproductivityofmanyfarmersplacethemajorityofcountrydwellersinadisadvantageouspositionintheirowncountries.,Exercise:,下列译文中主语的处理有什么特点？好在哪里？为什么？1.空旷的山野上，荡起了她甜甜的笑声。Inthewilderness,hersweetsoundsoflaughterroseandfelllikewaves.,2.那肥大的荷叶下面，有一个人的脸，下半截身子长在水里，那不是水生吗？又往左右看去，不久，各人就找到了各人丈夫的脸。啊，原来是他们。Notfarawayunderabroadlotusleaftheysawamansheadtherestofhimwassubmerged.ItwasShuisheng.Lookingrightandleft,eachsoondiscoveredherhusband-sothiswaswheretheywere!,3.英勇战斗于前，又放弃土地于后不是自相矛盾吗？这些英勇战斗者的血，不是白流了吗？Isitnotself-contradictorytofightheroicallyfirstandthenabandonterritory?Willnotourheroicfightershaveshedtheirbloodinvain?,4连叫几遍，只见那柳荫里面。咿咿哑哑的，撑出一只船来。Afteranumberoftheseshoutsarowingboatcamecreakingfromunderthewillowsandwassoonneartheirbank.,二、比较下列译文。译文a与b哪一种较好？为什么？1中国社会主义建设的航船将乘风破浪地驶向现代化的光辉彼岸。a.TheshipofChinassocialistconstructionwillbravethewindandwavesandsailtothegloriousdestinationofmodernization.b.Chinawillstrideforwardinbuildingsocialism,likeashipbravingthewindandthewaves,towardsthegloriousdestinationofmodernization.,2我们之间关系的发展使我们不仅成为亲密的朋友，而且成兄弟。a.Thedevelopmentofourrelationshasmadeusnotonlyclosefriendsbutalsobrothers.b.Ourrelationshavesogrownthattheybindusnotonlyasclosefriendsbutalsoasbrothers.,3.他心直口快，总是愿意和任何人交朋友，所以很快就赢得了大家的信任。a.Hisoutspokennessandreadinesstomakefriendswithanyonesoonwontheirtrust.b.Hewasveryoutspokenandalwaysreadytomakefriendswithanyone,sohewontheirtrust.,4.中国的富强和发展不会对任何国家构成威胁。a.Astrong,prosperousanddevelopedChinawillposenothreattoanycountries.b.Thestrength,prosperityanddevelopmentofChinawillposenothreattoanycountries,5.轻纺工业产品的花色品种增多，质量继续有所提高。a.Thedesignsandvarietyoflightindustrialandtextileproductshaveincreasedandtheirqualityhascontinuedtoimprove.b.Lightindustryandtextileproductsarenowavailableinbetterdesignsandqualityandrichervariety.,6.早上我起来的时候，小屋里射进两三方斜斜的太阳。太阳他有脚啊轻轻悄悄地挪移了；我也茫茫然地跟着旋转。a.WhenIgotupinthemorning,Ifoundseveralbeamsofsunlightpenetratingthroughthewindowintomyhouse.Thesunhasitsfeet,movingslowlyandquietlyandIfolloweditssteps.b.WhenIgotupinthemorning,twoandthreebeamsofsunlightpenetratedintomyhouse.Thesunhasitsfeet,movingslowlyandquietlyandIfollowedtoswirlunconsciously.,作业,1.我们宣传大会的路线，就是要使全党和全国人民建立起一个信心，即革命一定要胜利。2.人总是要死的，但死的意义有不同。中国古时候有个文学家叫做司马迁的说过：“人固有一死，或重于泰山，或轻于鸿毛。”为人民利益而死，就比泰山还重；替法西斯卖力，替剥削人民和压迫人民的人去死，就比鸿毛还轻。,3.哈佛是最早接受中国留学生的美国大学之一。中国教育界、科学界、文化界一直同哈佛大学保持着学术交流。4、自然科学的皇后是数学。数学的皇冠是数论。哥德巴赫猜想则是皇冠上的明珠。,1.Ouraiminpropagatingthelineofthecongressistobuilduptheconfidenceofthewholepartyandentirepeopleinthecertaintriumphoftherevolution.,2.Allmenmustdie,butdeathcanvaryinitssignificance.TheancientChinesewriterSzumaChiensaid,“Thoughdeathbefallsallmenalike,itmaybeheavierthanMountTaiorlighterthanafeather.”TodieforthepeopleisheavierthanMountTai,buttoworkforthefascistsanddiefo