初中英语构词法ppt课件

.,英语构词法,2020/4/27,.,英语构词法主要有三种：转化、合成与派生。,英语构词法种类,另外还有截短、缩合等。,2020/4/27,.,1.转化:是指有一种词类转化为另一种词类。,watern.水-watervt.浇水,常见的转化形式两种：动词-名词名词-动词,2020/4/27,.,动词-名词stopvt.停止-n.车站lovevt.爱-n.爱watchvt.观看-n.手表recordvt.录音-n.纪录,2020/4/27,.,名词-动词handn.手-vt.上交seatn.座位-vt.坐nursen.护士-vt.护理timen.时间-vt.定时，测时,2020/4/27,.,shipn.船-vt.用船装运headn.头-v.前进transportn.运输-vt.运输,2020/4/27,.,副词-动词downadv.向下-v.放下副词-名词nowhereadv.任何地方都不-n.无处，无名的地方,2020/4/27,.,形容词-名词freezingadj.冰冻的-n.冰点solidadj.固体的,坚实的-n.固体,数词-动词secondnum.第二-v.赞成-n.秒,2020/4/27,.,2.合成:有两个或更多的词合成一个词。class班级+room房间=classroom教室,warm+heart+ed=warmhearted热心肠的good+looking=good-looking相貌好看的,2020/4/27,.,hard+working=hard-working勤劳的peace-lovingstate-ownedwell-knownready-madesightseeing,2020/4/27,.,3.派生:是通过在词根上加前缀或者后缀构成一个新词。,happy-unhappydevelop-development,2020/4/27,.,前缀一般只引起意思上的变化而不造成词类的变化，只有少数能引起词类的变化。,mis-错误的+understandv.理解-misunderstandv.误解,en+largeadj.大的-enlargev.扩大,2020/4/27,.,后缀一般只引起词性上的变化而不造成意思的变化。,carev.照料-carefuladj.细心的workv.工作-workern.工人,2020/4/27,.,常见的前缀,2020/4/27,.,(A)表示否定的前缀：un-unfair,unhappynon-nonsmoker(常用在n.adj.adv.前)in-inactive,indirect(常用在adj.后)dis-disagree,disappearim-impolite,impossible(用在b,p,m开头的词前)il-illegalir-irreal,irregular,2020/4/27,.,(B).表示错误或失当的前缀:mis-misjudge,misdirect(误导)(C).表示向背的前缀:pro-(亲，支持)pro-Chinese,pro-Americananti-（阻止，抗）antiwar,anti-Japanesewar,2020/4/27,.,(D).表示程度、大小的前缀super-superstar,supermarket,superman,superpowerover-overhead,overeat,overusemini-minibus,miniskirtunder-underground,under-developsemi-(半，部分)semicircle,2020/4/27,.,(E).表示时间的前缀pre-prewarpost-postwarfore-(前，预先)foretell,forecast,foresee,weatherforecast,2020/4/27,.,(F).表示方位的前缀：sub-subway,submarineinter-international,trans-(横过，通过，超越，进入)translate,2020/4/27,.,常见的后缀,2020/4/27,.,1.动词变名词：-ationsatisfaction,education,realization-mentdevelopment,movement,disappointment,2020/4/27,.,-alarrival,refusal-eetrainee,employee-erteacher,worker-orvisitor,sailor,2020/4/27,.,2.形容词变名词-nesshappiness,carelessness-ityability,possibility-ismMarxism,criticism,2020/4/27,.,3.名词变形容词：-ywindy,rainy-ishfoolish,childish-somehandsome,troublesome-ousdangerous,humorous-fulhelpful,careful,peaceful,2020/4/27,.,3.名词、形容词变动词：-ifybeautify,simplify-izerealize-enquicken,widen,2020/4/27,.,但也有一些带后缀的派生词仅仅改变词义：kingdom:“职位、状态”freedomboyhood:“身份，资格”childhoodfriendship:情态状态性质身份职业技巧技能”leadership,hardshipspoonful：构成名词mouthful(满口,一口),handful(一把),2020/4/27,.,4.截短:是指用截头取尾的方法构成新词。telephone-phoneinfluenza-flu.流行性感冒,2020/4/27,.,5.缩合:是指把两个