初中英语介词课件.ppt

介词是一种用来表示词与词,词与句之间的关系的词。在句中不能单独作句子成分。介词后面一般有名词、代词或相当于名词的其他词类，短语或从句作它的宾语。,介词的含义,什么是介词？它的作用是什么？,1.Lookatme.()2.Hegoestoschoolbybike.()3.Heisinterestedindrawing.()4.Thebookisonthedesk.(),代词,名词,动名词,介词:通常用在_、_、_之前，表示某个人、事物/东西、事件与另一个之间的_。,名词,代词,名词,动名词,关系,介词的主要分类：,1.atthecinema,inthehospital_2.Writewithapen,gobybus_3.insummer,onSeptemper1st_4.bytheway,atlast,intheend_,地点介词,方式介词,时间介词,固定搭配,一.地点介词,1.atthevillage,athome,atthecornerofthestreet._2.inShanghai,inthecountry,inAsia,intheworld,inspace_3.inthebox,onthechair,underthedesk,nexttoKate,ontherightofLucy,infrontofthehouse,behindthedoor_,表示小地方用at,表示大地方用in,表示不同地方用具体不同的介词,填上正确的地点介词：,1.在广州_Guangzhou2.在电影院_thecinema3.在湖边_thelake4.在海里_thesea5.树上的苹果apples_thetree6.书上的小鸟birds_thetree7.在天空上_thesky8.在教室外_theclassroom9.在农场上_thefarm10.在街道上_thestreet,in,at,by,in,on,in,in,outside,on,in,二.方式介词,1.writewithapen,cutwithaknife,lockwithalock_2.seewithoureyes,dowithourhands,smellwithournoses,eatwithourmouths_3.inEnglish,inFrench,inyourownwords,inthreelanguage_4.inaloudvoice,inalowvoice_5.inthisway,bythismeans_,使用工具用介词with,使用器官用介词with,使用语言用介词in,使用声音用介词in,使用方法用介词in或by,6.bybike,bybus,bytrain,byplane,byship,bycar(onfoot)byland陆路，bysea水路，byair空运_但：onthebike,onthebus,onthetrain,ontheplane,ontheship,inthecar,inink7.Shanghailies_theeastofChina.()Japanlies_theeastofChina.()Hubeilies_thenorthofHunan.()8.inareadcoat,thegirlinyellow,theboyinwhite_9.lieinbed,afterawhile,inthesun（在阳光下）underthesun（天下，世界上；到底，究竟）,使用交通工具用by,in,to,on,在中国内部,在中国外部,两地接壤,表示穿衣服用in,固定搭配,(),三.时间介词,1.atsixoclock,atnoon,atthattime,athalfpastthree,atmid-night_2.onSunday,onNewYearsDay,onMarch21st,onmybirthday_3.inthreedays,inaweek,inamonth,inMay,in1998_4.inthemorning,intheafternoon,intheevening_但：onthemorningofMay1st5.atnight=_heday=inthe_,表示点钟或具体一点时间用at,表示在某一天用on,表示大于一天的时间用in,在早上/下午/傍晚用in,in,the,day-time,later单独使用可用将来时或过去时态Theotherswilljoinuslater。lateron后来，再过些时候,7.具体时间用不同的介词:,在放假期间_theholiday在圣诞节期间_Christmas三天之后threedays_（一般过去时）_threedays（一般过去时）_threedays（一般将来时）,during,later,at,after,in,注意,四、其它介词:的,表示数量oftwokilosoffish作为assuchas关于about,onabookonIndia目的,原因,对于forShehurriedhomeforherhomework像.likeSheislikehermother.离offLucyfelloffherbikeandhurtherleftleg.,五、习惯搭配：,1)介词与名词:,intheend.bytheway.duringtheday.forthefirsttimeintimeatthebeginningofinahurryonshowtoonessurpriseindanger,2).名词与介词:,thekeytoaletterforaticketfor.avisitto.thedifferencebetween.and,3).动词与介词：,talkaboutworryaboutlookafterlaughatarriveat/inhearfromoperateonapologizetoagreewithgothrough,4）形容词与介词：,begoodatbeexcitedatbedifferentfrombereadyforbelateforbesorryforbeinterestedinbecarefulofbeproudofbefullofbekeenonbeharmfultobekindtobepleasedwithbeangrywithbebusywith,5）.动介词组与动副词组,动介：,goovergetondependonoperateoncallonjoininarrivein,动副,thinkoverturnonputontakeoffseeoffgetinhandin,6）容易出错的地方：,Weshallbeverybusywith(in)June.Henrywaswaitingfor(at)thebusstop.Iamusedtowork(working)hardWearelookingforwardtosee(seeing)you.,六、易混淆介词辨析,1、after/in皆可表示时间在之后，其区别为：after.表示“在某点时间之后”，用于将来时。如：Wellgooutforawalkaftersupper.表示“一段时间之后”，用于过去时。如：Mymothercamehomeafterhalfanhour.in表示“一段时间之后”，用于将来时。如：Wellgotoschoolintwoweeks.,2、between/among1)between多指两者之间。如：Whatsthedifferencebetweenthetwowords?2)among指三者或三者以上的同类事物之间，在或笼统的一群人或一些物之中，表示“在中间，在之中”。如：Theyoungpeoplelivedandworkedamongtheworkers.注意：我们可以说betweenyouandme，但不能说betweenyouandI，因为between是介词。3)between还可以用来指三个或三个以上的人或物的每两个之间。三个或三个以上的名词用and连接，前面用between，而不用among。如：Thereisnotmuchdifferencebetweenthethreeofthem.Switzerlandlies_France,Ger-many,AustriaandItaly.,between,3、besides/exceptWehaveseenthecrocodilebesidesLiFang（除之外，还有）全部计算在内WeareallChineseexceptTominourclass.（除之外，不计算在内）Allthestudentsinourclasswenttothecinema_Kangkang,why?Becausehehadabadcold.AExceptBbesidesCBesideDwithout,【解析】except“除之外”，排除在外的意思；besides“除之外”，包含在内；beside“在旁边”；without“没有”。根据题意可知用except，故选A。,1.WeallpassedtheexamJenny(Jennypassedtoo)./Jenny(Jennydidntpass).2.Icandowait.3.WearehereMary.,besides,except,nothingbut,all,but,over表示与某物不接触的“正上方”，under与其相对，表示“正下方”。Theskyisoverourheads.天空在我们头顶上。Thecatisunderthetable.那只猫在桌子底下。above表示“在的上方”，“高于”；below与其相对，表示“在的下面”，“低于”。Thetemperaturewillstayabovezerointhedaytime，butatnightitwillfallbelowzeroagain.白天气温将保持在零度以上，但在晚上又将降到零度以下。on指两个物体表面接触，一个在另一的上面。Theyputsomeflowersontheteachersdesk.他们把一些花放在讲桌上。,4、over,above,on,cross作动词用，“穿过，越过”的意思。主要表示在物体表面上横穿。如横过马路、过桥、过河等，与goacross同义。例如：Becarefulwhenyoucrossthestreet.过马路时要小心。Cross(Goacross)thebridge,andyouwillseeabigbuiding.过这座桥你就会看到一栋大楼。cross作名词用是“十字架，十字形饰物”的意思。across是介词，有“横跨，横穿，穿越”之意。across与go/walk等动词连用表示“穿过，越过，横穿”的意思。与cross基本同义，也是表示从物体表面经过。例如：Goacrosstheroad,youwillfindthepostofficeonyourleft.横过这条公路，你会发现邮局就在你的左边。,5、cross，across,through,through是介词，“在.之中，透过”的意思，常与go,walk等动词连用，表示“穿越，横穿”等意思。主要表示从物体内部穿过。如穿过森林、隧洞等。例如：Thetwofriendswerewalkingthroughtheforest.这两个朋友正沿着森林走。Thesunlightcomesthroughtheglass.阳光透过玻璃。,1.Wemust_theroadverycarefully.2.Beforegoing_theroad,youshouldlookleftfirstandthenright.3.Itrytogetintotheroom_thewindowbecauseIcantopenthedoor.4.Theydrove_thestreetquickly,butthepolicecaughtthematlast.5.Itsdangeroustoswim_theriver.6.Go_thebridgeandyouwillseethestation.,cross,across,across,across,across,through,infrontof表示“在某人或某物的前面”，在某个范围以外；inthefrontof表示“在的前部”，在某个范围以内例如：Therearesometalltreesinfrontofthebuilding.在楼前有一些高树。Theteacherissittinginthefrontoftheclassroom.老师坐在教室前面,6、infrontof,inthefrontof,on,in,over,onto,under,to,across,through,infrontof,behind,beside,near,at,into,from,inthemiddleof,7、aboveoveronbelowunder,below,under,Becareful,thereisaheavybox_yourhead.Thesunis_themountainintheeast.Therearesomestamps_thedesk.Thepositionhepointedtowas_thesealevel.Thelittlemouseis_thetable,soitisnoteasytofindit.,over,above,on,abovebelow,under,表示“延续的一段时间”时，可用“for时间段”或“since过去的时间点”，常与含延续动词的完成时连用。Howlonghaveyoubeeninthiscity?你在这座城市待了多久了？Fortenyears.十年。MrSmithhaslivedheresince1998.史密斯先生自从1998年就住在这。,8、since,for,表示在上时，不是都用on，有时须用in。在树上inthetree用于指树上的鸟、人等。onthetree用于指生长在树上的叶子、果实。在墙上inthewall镶嵌在墙内，指窗户、门、钉子等。onthewall在墙的表面之上，指地图、画像等。在报纸上inthenewspaper用于指报上的内容。onthenewspaper用于指放在报纸上的东西，如眼镜等。,9、in,on,bemadeof从成品上看得出的材料bemadefrom从成品上看不出的原料bemadein产地bemadeby制造者bemadeupof由组成，由构成bemadeinto被制成ItissaidthatthiskindofclothismadeofsilkanditismadeinChina.据说这种布料是由丝绸制成的并且由中国制造。Thiswineismadefromgrapes.这酒是葡萄酿的。ThismachineismadebyUncleWang.这机器是王伯伯制造的。Thearticleismadeupoffourparts.这篇文章有四部分组成。Flour（面粉）canbemadeintobread.,10、bemadeof、bemadefrom、bemadein、bemadeby、bemadeupof、bemadeinto,beusedfordoingsth.=beusedtodosth.意为“被用来做”。介词for表示用途，后接名词或动词ing形式。beusedby意为“被使用”，介词by后面接动作的执行者(宾语)。beusedas意为“被用作”，介词as表示“作为”，beusedtodoingsth.意为“习惯于做”，to是介词。Thestampisusedforsendingletters.邮票是用来邮信的。Englishiswidelyusedbytravellersandbusinesspeopleallovertheworld.英语被全世界的旅行者和商人广泛使用。Englishisusedasthesecondlanguageinmanycountries.英语在许多国家被当作第二语言。Iamusedtogettingupearlyeverymorning.我习惯早晨早起。,11、beusedfordoingsth、beusedtodosth、beusedby、beusedas、beusedtodoingsth.,12、其他混淆词组inthewall（在墙的表面）onthewall（在墙的内部）,goondoingsthgoontodosthgoonwithsth,接着做同一件事,继续做不同的事,接着做相同的事,befamiliarwithsb./sth.（人）熟悉某人/某物befamiliartosb.（物）为某人所熟悉,bestrictwithsb.对某人严格要求bestrictinsth.严格对待某事,intheair在空中ontheair播出,shoutto呼喊，向喊shoutat对吼，责骂,intheendatlastfinally最后bytheendof到末止attheendof在结束时，在末端，,beknowntosb.为某人所知beknownas作为而出名，被叫作beknownfor因而出名,bebusywithsth.忙于某事bebusydoingsth.忙着做某事,aheadoftime提前，超前sometime某时sometime某段时间，某一时期sometimes=attimes有时sometimes许多次，许多倍atatime=eachtime每次atonetime=once曾经,13、练一练,在岁时_theageof有时_times/sometimes开始,在起初_thebeginningof此刻_the/thismoment=now在结尾,在尽头_theendof例如_example=such_匆忙地_ahurry到的时候_thetime=when从到_在户外,在野外_theopenair,at,at,at,at,at,for,in,by,from,to,in,as,相邻，靠近next_遍及all_将来_thefuture由于,幸亏thanks_过了一会儿_awhile在地球上_theearth到底、究竟_earth下课/放学/下班后_class/school/work展出_show值日_duty独立,单独all_oneself令(某人)惊讶_onessurprise,to,in,to,after,on,after,on,on,by,to,over,on,arrive_/_aplacefind_（发现，找到）geton/along_beafraid_sth.hand_(上交）hand_(分发）beangry_sb.beangry_sth.bestrict_sb.bestrict_sth.beready_befull_=befilled_begood_=dowell_bebusy_sth.belate_beinterested_eat_give_(放弃）grow_,in,at,with,up,in,for,at,for,up,up,out,of,with,with,of,in,at,out,with,in,with,in,hearfrom(sb)ringupholdon1.继续;坚持;保持2.(打电话时)等一等hurryupstopsb.fromdoingsth.knockat/ontakeofflaughattakepartinlistentothinkaboutlookafter/at/for/up/outtryontryouttakecareofturnon/offmakefriendswithwaitforpayforwakeupputon/up/offwritedownworryaboutmakeprogresswith,1.Hisfatherisveryangry_himhisstudy.A.at，withB.with，atC.to，aboutD.about，to2.Paperismade_wood.A.fromB.ofC.byD.in3.Thebasketisfull_apples.A.withB.ofC.inD.by4.Katecantcome.LetsaskweiHuainstead_her.A.ofB.forC.toD.with5.Theheavyrainstoppedme_gettingtoschoolontime.A.toB.fromC.onD.for,B,A,B,A,B,6.LiLidasparentsareveryproud_theirson.A.toB.inC.forD.of7.Thefoxlookedup_acocksittingthetree.A.to，inB.at,inC.for，onD.at，on8.Pleasewait_thebusstopnearmyhome.A.forB.atC.nextD.infront9.Whereisyourbikemade_?A.inB.fromC.ofD./10.Whentheredlightison，itsdangeroustogo_thestreet.A.acrossB.throughC.crossD.to,D,B,B,D,A,11.Heisrich_unhappy.A.orB.andC.soD.but12.Takearest_youfinishthework.A.beforeB.afterC.untilD.while13.Youcantpasstheexam,_youstudyhard.A.ifB.ofC.unlessD.and14._ourteamtriedbest,_wefailed.A.Though,butB.Because,soC.If,andD.Though,/15.Dontgetoff_thebusstops.A.whenB.afterC.untilD.so,D,B,D,C,C,16.Thereisagoodplay_TVthisevening.A.onB.byC.in17.Howfarisit_Guangzhou_Beijing?A.fromtoB.fromforC.awayto18.Japanlies_theeastofChina.A.toB.inC.on19.Mr.BrownhasgonetoCanada.Hewillbeback_towweeks.A.forB.afterC.in20.A:Whattimedidyougettherethismorning?B:_eight.A.InB.AtC.On21.Weallagree_you.Letsstartatonce.A.toB.forC.with,A,A,A,C,B,C,22.Myauntarrivedhere_awarmspringmorning.A.inB.atC.on,23.A:Whendidyourunclearrive_China?B:HegottoGuangzhou_themorningofthe16thofApril.A.in,onB.in,inC.at,on24.Hawaiiisfamous_itsbeautifulbeaches.A.inB.forC.with25.Wemuststopchildrenfrom_withfire.A.playB.playedC.playing,C,A,B,C,26.Look,Tinaiswaiting_thebusstop.AforBatCinDTo27.Whatwouldyouliketodo_suchabadboy?AwithBonCatDin28.Theyoungmanwalked_theforestandcametoabigriveratlast.AonBoverCthroughDacross29.Thefood_mycountryisquitedifferent_thathere.Ain;likeBto;fromCfrom;toDin;from30.Taiwanisabeautifulislandandits_theeastofFujian.AinBonCto,B,A,C,D,C,31.Itissaidthatanewzoowillbebuiltinourtown.Im_it.Zoosareterribl