11开专Lesson 1.doc

Lesson 11. Language Focus at Page 21）定义：不定冠词，英语虚词冠词的一种，冠词是虚词，本身不能单独使用，也没有词义，它用在名词的前面，帮助指明名词的含义。英语中的冠词有三种，一种是定冠词（the Definite Article），the；另一种是不定冠词（the Indefinite Article）a/an；还有一种是零冠词（Zero Article）。 2）用法：（1）表示一个，意为one；指某人或某物，意为a certain。 A Mr. Ling is waiting for you. （2）代表一类人或物。 A knife is a tool for cutting with. （3）用于泛指人或者事 She wanted to rent an apartment near the campus. 她想在学校附近租一套房子。 （4）用于某些词组中。这种用法是约定束成的，我们只有遵从而无旁的选择。例如： a little / a few（一些） a lot of （很多） a type of（一类） a pile （一堆） a great many / many a （很多） as a rule（作为一个规定） in a hurry （匆忙） in a minute （一会儿） in a word （简而言之） in a short while （一会儿） after a while（一会儿之后） have a cold（得感冒） have a try （试一试）keep an eye on （保持警觉） all of a sudden（突然间）have a rest（休息） have a look（瞧瞧） have a good time（过得开心） take a shower（淋浴） take a break（休息） take a bath（洗澡） get a cold（患感冒） get a fever（发烧） develop into a habit （养成习惯）make a living（谋生） make a guess at（猜测） make a difference between（区分） in a moment（过一会儿） in a sense（在某种意义上） in a way（在某种程度上） once in a while（间或） have an advantage over（优于） have an edge（略胜过）as a result（因此）as a rule（通常）as a whole（总体上说） 3）练习：(1) I earn 10 dollars _ hour as _ supermarket cashier on Saturdays.A. a；an B. the；a C. an； a D. an； the(2) Mr. Smith is _ engineer.A. a B. an C. the D. /(3) Before she left for London, Sally sent me _ picture of herself. A. a B. an C. the D. /(4) _ grammar book is necessary to _ language learner. A. A, the B. An, a C. A, a D. The, a(5) A teacher likes putting _ watch on his / her desk while lecturing.A. a B. an C. the D. /4）答案：（1）C (2) B (3) A (4) C (5) C2. Activity 7worker w:k salesman seilzmn doctor dkt clerk kl:k shop p assistant sistnt soldier suld nurse n:s receptionist risepnist officer :fis editor edit postman pustmn director direkt chef ef civil sivil servant s:vnt baker beik Chief ti:f Executive igzekjutiv Officer :fis3. Language Focus at Page 3课堂口头练习China tain Chinese taini:z manager mnid America merik deputy depjuti British briti accountant kauntnt German d:mn 4. Cultural Note作为常识讲解5. Language Focus at Page 5London lndn Italy itli Russia r Greek gri:k6. Activity 13parent prnt Oxford ksfd bank bk Thrusday :zdi7. Language Focus at Page 6一般情况：加 -s 1.清辅音后读/s/ map-maps ship-ships2.浊辅音和元音后读/z/ bag-bags car-cars doctors bridges3.以s, sh, ch, x等结尾的加-es读 /iz/ bus-buses brusheswatch-watches boxes4. 以ce,se,ze,(d)ge等结尾的词 加 -s读 /iz/license-licenses5. 以y结尾的词1）辅音字母+y 变y 为i结尾的词 再加es 读 /z/baby-babiesButterflies boy2）以y结尾的专有名词，或元音字母+y 结尾的名词变复数时，直接加s变复数： 如：two Marys the Henrys monkey-monkeysholiday-holidays比较： 层楼：storey -storeys story-stories 6.以o 结尾的名词，变复数时：1）直接加s，如： photo-photospiano-pianos radio-radioszoo-zoos； 2）加es，如：potato-potatoestomato-tomatoes3）二者均可，如：zero-zeros / zeroes 7. 以f或fe 结尾的名词变复数时： 1）加s，如： belief-beliefsroof-roofs safe-safes gulf-gulfs；2）去f, fe 加ves，如：half-halvesknife-knivesleaf-leaveswolf-wolveswife-wiveslife-livesthief-thieves；3）均可,如：handkerchief: handkerchiefs / handkerchieves二名词变复数练习1. style 2. sport 3. piece 4. quiz 5. fox 6. match7. flash fl (闪光) 8. candy 9. daisy10. fairy 11. torpedot:pi:du (鱼雷)12. bingobigu (宾戈游戏) 13. piano 14. cargok:gu (货物) 15. mosquitomski:tu (蚊子) 16. volcanovlkeinu (火山) 17. leaf18. scarf 19. loaf 20. thief 21. wife22. wolf 23. shelf24. dwarfdw:f 侏儒 25. hoof26. hoofhu:f 蹄 27. wharfhw:f (码头) 28. birth 29. cloth30. death 31. month 32. man 33. woman34. child 35. ox36. foot 37. tooth38. mouse 39. penny 40. kilo 41. hero42. Negro 43. solo44. studio 45. salmon46. fish 47. Chinese48. Japanese 49. Portuguesep:tju,gi:z (葡萄牙人)50. Swiss 51. news52. means 52. library53. cattle 54. people55. police 56. cattle57. furniture 58. clothes59. baggage 60. luggage61. goose 62. shorts63. boss64. buisness66. address67. loss68. success69. company70. dictionary71. try72. city73. class74. princess75. box76. watch77. glass78. factory79. party80. story81. vehicle82. library83. ash84. penny85. country86. society87. family88. nationality89. equipment90. technology91. necessity92. century93. possibility94. authority95. discovery96. university97. responsibility98. photo99. process100. luxury101. community102. ability103. life104. simility105. supply106. progress107. energy108. volcano109. apply110. opportunity111. ideology112. army113. theory114. lady115. dormitory116. touch117. wish118. laboratory119. curiosity120. hobby121. guess122. crash三答案：1. styles 2. sports 3. pieces 4. quizzes 5. foxes 6. matches 7. flashes 8. candies 9. daisies 10. fairies11. torpedoes 12. bingoes 13. pianos 14. cargoes 15. mosquitoes16. volcanos/volcanoes 17. leaves 18. scarves 19. loaves 20. thieves 21. wives 22. wolves 23. shelves 24. dwarfs/dwarves 25. hoofs/hooves26. scarfs/scarves 27. wharfs/wharves 28. births 29. cloths 30. deaths31. months 32. men 33. women 34. children 35. oxen36. feet 37. teeth 38. mice 39. pence 40. kilos 41. heroes 42. Negroes 43. solos 44. studios 45. salmon46. fish 47. Chinese 48. Japanese 49. Chinese 50. Swiss51. news（不可数） 52. means(单数) 53. libraries 54. peoples(民族) 55. police56. cattle(牛群) 57. furniture 58. clothes 59. clothes 60. baggage61. luggage 62. geese 63. bosses 64. businesses 65. addresses 66. losses 67. successes 69. companies 70. dictionaries 71. tries 72. cities 73. classes 74. princess 75. boxes 76. watches 77. glasses 78. factories 79. parties 80. stories 81. vehicles 82. libraries 83. ashes 84. pennies 85. countries 86. societies 87. families 88. nationalities 89. equipment 90. technologies 91. necessities 92. centuries 93. possibilities 94. authorities 95. discoveries 96. universities 97. responsibilities 98. photos 99. processes 100. luxuries 101. communities 102. abili