2017-2018学年人教版八年级英语上册重点短语、语法复习要点.docx

2017年秋季人教版初中英语八年级上册重点短语、复习要点Unit1 Where did you go on vacation?一重点短语：1. go on vacation 去度假 2. feel like 感受到3. stay at home 呆在家 4. go shopping 去买东西5. go to the mountains 去爬山 6. in the past在过去7. go to the beach去沙滩 8. walk around.四处走9. visit museums 参观博物馆 10. too many/ too much太多11. go to summer camp去夏令营 12. go on继续13. because of+短语 因为14. quite a few相当多，不少15. study for为而学习16. find out找出；查明17. go out出去 18. take photos照相19. most of the time大部分时间 20. come up上来21. something important 重要的事情22. of course当然23. taste good尝起来很好吃24. up and down上上下下25. have a good time玩得高兴26. come down 下来27. the next day第二天 28. drink tea喝茶29. one bowl of 一碗二习惯用法：1buy sth for sb./ buy sb. sth 为某人买某物2taste + adj. 尝起来3nothing .but + V.(原形) 除了之外什么都没有4seem + (to be) + adj 看起来5arrive in + 大地方 arrive at + 小地方 到达某地6decide to do sth.决定做某事7try doing sth. 尝试做某事 try to do sth. 尽力做某事 try ones best to do sth尽力做某事8look +adj. 看起来9forget to do sth.忘记去做某事 forget doing sth.忘记做过某事10enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事11want to do sth. 想去做某事12start doing sth. 开始做某事13stop doing sth. 停止做某事stop to do sth 停下来做某事14keep doing sth. 继续做某事15dislike doing sth. 不喜欢做某事16Why not do. sth.?为什么不做呢？17so + adj + that + 从句 如此以至于18tell sb. (not) to do sth. 告诉某人（不要）三词语辨析：1anywhere 与 somewhere 两者都是不定副词。anywhere在任何地方，常用于否定句和疑问句中。somewhere 在某处，到某处，常用于肯定句。I cant find it anywhere.I lost my key somewhere near here.2seem + 形容词 看起来. You seem happy today.seem + to do sth. 似乎、好像做某事 I seems / seemed + 从句 看起来好像；似乎. seem like .好像，似乎. I seem to have a cold. It seems that no one believe you. It seems like a god idea. 3decide to do sth.决定做某事decide + 疑问词 + 动词不定式 They decide to visit the museum.He cannot decide when to leave.4start doing sth = start to do sth. 开始，可与begin 互换 。He started doing his homework. 5over prep. 多于，超过，在以上（表示数目、程度）= more than My father is over 40 years old.6too many 太多，后接可数名词复数： too much 太多，修饰不可数名词，修饰动词作状语。 Mother bought too many eggs yesterday.We have too much work to do. Dont talk too much.7because 连词，因为，引导状语从句，表示直接明确的原因或理由。because of 因为，由于，后接名词、代词或动名词，不能接句子。I dont buy the shirt because it was too expensive.He cant take a walk because of the rain.8too,to太.以至于不能.Mother is too tired to go to school.9have fun doing sth享受做某事的乐趣四 重点语法：1Where did you go on vacation? I went to New York City.2 Did you go out with anyone? No, No one was here. Everyone was on vacation.3Did you buy anything special? Yes, I bought something for my father.4How was the food? Everything tasted really good.5Did everyone have a good time? Oh，yes. Everything was excellent.Unit2 How often do you exercise?一重点短语：1help sb with sth 帮助某人做某事 help with housework帮助做家务2go shopping 去买东西3on weekends 在周末4how often 多少次5hardly ever几乎从不6once a week每周一次7twice a month 一个月两次8go to the movies/cinema / go to see the film去看电影9every day 每天10use the Internet用互联网11be freebe not busy=have time 有空12have dance and piano lessons 上舞蹈和钢琴课13swing dance 摇摆舞14play ping pong 打乒乓球15play tennis打网球16stay up late熬夜; 睡得很晚17at least至少18go to sleep 睡觉19go to bed early早点睡觉20go to bed上床睡觉21such as比如；诸如22play sports做运动23be good for对有好处24be good at doing sth擅长做某事25go camping去野营26notat all一点儿也不27in ones free time 在某人的业余时间里28the most popular最受欢迎的29such as 例如.像.这样30old habits die hard积习难改/ 旧习难改31. go to the dentist看牙科医生32. morn than多于；超过33. less than少于34. junk food垃圾食品35. take care of sb 照料某人look after sb照顾某人36. have to do sth必须做某事37. get in 进入38. be late for迟到二习惯用法：1help sb. with sthhave sb do sth 帮助某人做某事2want sb. to do sth. 让某人做某事3How about doing? 怎么样？/ .好不好？4How many + 可数名词复数+ 一般疑问句 有多少.5主语+ find+ that 从句 发现6Its + adj.+ to do sth. 做某事是.的7spend time with sb. 和某人一起度过时光8ask sb. about sth. 向某人询问某事9by doing sth. 通过做某事10Whats your favorite.? 你最喜欢的是什么？11start doing sth. 开始做某事12the best way to do sth.做某事的最好方式13be full of满的14what about doing sth？做某事怎么样？15not.at all 一点儿也不 I dont like it at all. 我一点儿也不喜欢它。三词语辨析：1. how often 多久一次，用来提问动作发生的频率。回答用：once，twice, three times 等词语。How often do you play sports? Three times a week.how long 多长，用来询问多长时间，也可询问某物有多长。How long does it take to get to Shanghai from here? How long is the ruler?how far 多远，用来询问距离，指路程的远近。 How far is it from here to the park? Its about 2 kilometers.2. How come？怎么回事？表示某件事情很奇怪，有点想不通；可单独使用，也可引导一个问句， 相当于疑问句 why, 但 how come 开头的特殊疑问句使用的仍然是陈述语序。How come Tom didnt come to the party? = Why didnt Tom come to the party?3. free 空闲的，有空的，反义词为 busy. be free 有空，闲着，相当于 have time.还可作“免费的、自由的”解。be free to do sth. 自由地做某事。Ill be free next week. = Ill have time next week. The tickets are free. Youre free to go or to stay.4. stay up 指“熬夜，不睡觉”。stay up late 指“熬夜到很晚，迟睡”。He stayed up all night to write his story.Dont stay up late next time. 5. go to bed 强调“上床睡觉”的动作及过程，但人不一定睡着。I went to bed at eleven last night.go to sleep 强调“入睡，睡着，进入梦乡”。She was so tired that she went to sleep soon.6. find + 宾语 +名词, 发现 ：We have found him (to be) a good boy.find + 宾语 + 形容词，发现：He found the room dirty.find + 宾语 + 现在分词，发现 ：I found her standing at the door.7. percent 百分数，基数词 + percent： percent 没有复数形式，作主语时，根据所修饰的名词来判断谓语的单复数。Thirty percent of time passed.Forty percent of the students in our class are girls.8. more than 超过，多于，不仅仅，相当于over.反义词组为：less than. I lived in Shanghai for more than / over ten years.9. afraid adj.担心的，害怕的，在句中作表语，不用在名词前作定语。be afraid of sb / sth 害怕某人/某事；be afraid of doing sth. 害怕做某事Im afraid + 从句， 恐怕， 担心： Im afraid we cant come here on time. Im afraid I have to go now.Some children are afraid of the dark. Dont be afraid of asking question.10. sometimes , sometime, some times , some time 的区别：sometimes 频度副词,有时。表示动作发生的不经常性，多与一般现在时连用，可位于句首、句中或句末。Sometimes I get up very early. -How often do you get up?sometime 副词，某个时候。 表示不确切或不具体的时间，常用于过去时或将来时，对它用疑问词when.I will go to Shanghai sometime next week. -When will you go to Shanghai next week? some times 名词词组， 几次，几倍。其中time 是可数名词，对它提问用how many times.I have read the story some times. -How many times have you read the story? some time 名词短语,一段时间. 表示“一段时间”时，句中谓语动词常为延续性动词，提问时用 How long.Ill stay here for some time. How long will you stay here?四重点语法：1.What do you usually do on weekends? I always exercise.2. What do they do on weekends? They often help my mother with housework.3. What does she do on weekends? She sometimes goes shopping.4.How often do you go to the movies? I go to the movies maybe once a month.5How often does he watch TV? He hardly ever watches TV.6Do you go shopping? No, I never go shopping.Unit 3. Im more outgoing than my sister.一重点短语：1more outgoing更外向2asas与一样3the singing competition唱歌比赛4be similar to与相像的/类似的5the same as和相同；与一致6be different from与不同7care about关心；介意8be like a mirror像一面镜子9the most important最重要的10as long as只要；既然11bring out使显现；使表现出12get better grades取得更好的成绩13reach for伸手取14in fact事实上；实际上15make friends交朋友16the other其他的17touch ones heart感动某人18be talented in music有音乐天赋19be good at擅长20be good with善于与相处21have fun doing sth.享受做某事的乐趣22be good at doing sth擅长做某事 23make sb. do sth.让某人做某事24want to do sth.想要做某事25as+adj./adv.的原级+as 与一样26Its+ adj.+for sb. to do sth. 做某事对某人来说是的二词语辨析：1laugh v. & n. 笑；笑声 laugh at嘲笑We all laughed loudly when she made a joke. 她说了个笑话，我们都大声笑起来。We all laughed at his joke. 听了他的笑话我们都笑起来。He laughs best who laughs last. 不要高兴得太早。Dont laugh at him. 别嘲笑他。People have often laughed at stories told by seamen. 人们常常嘲笑海员所讲的故事。Everyone laughed at his foolish antics. 大家都笑他那种愚蠢的滑稽动作。We had a good laugh at his joke. 我们被他的笑话逗得哈哈大笑。2though conj. 虽然；纵然；即使；尽管 = althoughthough adv.不过，可是，然而，常用于句末，用逗号隔开。Though it was raining，he went there. 虽然当时正下着雨，他还是到那里去了。Though he was poor he was happy. 虽然他很穷却很快乐。注意：在though引导的从句后不使用but。如：Though he was poor，but he was happy.（误）Jim said that he would come, he didnt , though.三重点语法：1Is Tom smarter than Sam? No, he isnt. Sam is smarter than Tom.2 Is Tara more outgoing than Tina? No, she isnt. Tina is more outgoing than Tara.3Are you as friendly as your sister? No, Im not. Im friendlier.4Does Tara work as hard as Tina? Yes, she does.5Whos more hardworking at school? Tina thinks she works harder than me.形容词和副词的比较级、最高级：大多数形容词和副词有三个等级：1）原级（不作比较），修饰词very, so, too, pretty, really 2）比较级，表示“较”或“更”的意思（两者之间进行比较）, 标志词than, A or B, of the two, 修饰词much, a lot, a little；3）最高级，表示“最”的意思（三者或三者以上作比较），形容词最高级前面一般要加定冠词the，后面可带in（of）短语来什么比较的范围。形容词和副词的比较级和最高级规则变化： 构 成 方 法 原级比 较 级最高 级单音节词和部分双音节词一般在词尾加-er或-esthighshorthighershorter highestshortest以字母e词尾的词，加-r或-stlatefinelaterfinest latestfinest重读闭音节词词尾只有一个辅音字母时，先双写辅音字母，再加-er或-esthotbigthinfathotterbiggerthinnerfatterhottestbiggestthinnestfattest以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词，先把“y”改为“i”，再加-er或-est funnyeasyearlyfunniereasierearlierfunniesteasiestearliest多音节词和部分双音节词在词前加more或mostbeautifulathleticoutgoingmore beautifulmore athleticmore outgoingmost beautifulmost athleticmost outgoing形容词和副词的比较级和最高级不规则变化： 原 级 比较级 最高级 good/well better best bad/badly worse worstmany/much more most little less least far farther（更远） further（更深远） farthest(最远)furthest（最深远）as(原级)as与一样 not as/soas不如Liming is as tall as Jim. Jack runs as fast as Tom.Lily is not as/so tall as Lucy. =Lily is shorter than Lucy.Unit4 Whats the best movie theater?一重点短语：1movie theater电影院2close to离近3clothes store服装店4in town在镇上5so far到目前为止6minutes by bus 坐公共汽车10分钟的路程7talent show才艺表演8in common共同；共有have.in common 有相同特征（想法、兴趣方面）相同 9around the world世界各地10more and more越来越11and so on等等12all kinds of各种各样的13be up to是的职责；由决定14not everybody并不是每个人15make up编造（故事、谎言等）16play a role in在方面发挥作用/有影响17for example例如18takeseriously认真对待19give sb. sth.给某人某物20come true（梦想、希望）实现；达到21no problem 没什么，别客气22Thanks for doing sth.因做某事而感谢23much+ adj./adv.的比较级 得多24watch sb. do sth.观看某人做某事25one of +the+形容词最高级+可数名词的复数 之一one of the main reasons 最主要的原因之一26Can I ask you some? 我能问你一些吗？27How do you like? 你认为怎么样？28What do you think of? 你认为怎么样?29how much.?多少钱？30How far?多远？31. How many?多少？32. How long.?多长？33.It has the biggest screens.34.The DJs choose songs the most carefully.35.How do you like it so far? 你认为它怎么样？36.Thanks for telling me.37.Can I ask you some questions?二重点语法：1Whats the best movie theater to go to ?Town Cinema. Its the closest to home. And you can buy tickets the most quickly there?2Which is the worst clothes store in town? Dream Clothes. Its worse than Blue Moon. It has the worst service.3What do you think of 970 AM? I think 970 AM is pretty bad. It has worst music.4Do you want to watch the news? Yes, I do . / No, I dont.5What can you plan to watch tonight? I plan to watch Days of Our Past.6What do you expect to learn from sitcoms? You can learn some great jokes.7Why do you like watching the news? Because I hope to find out whats going on around the world.8What do you think of talk shows? I dont mind them./ I cant stand them!/ I love watching them!Unite 5 Do you want to a game show?一重点短语：1think of +名词或动词短语认为.2learn from从获得；向学习3find out 查明，弄清4be ready to do 准备好做某事5dress up 装扮6take sbs place代替，替换7do a good job干得好8talk show谈话节目TV shows 电视节目9game show游戏节目10go on发生11watch a movie看电影watch a sitcom观看一部情景喜剧action movies 动作电影12soap opera肥皂剧13a pair of一双；一对14try ones best尽某人最大努力15as famous as与一样有名16have a discussion about就讨论17one day有一天18such as例如19take sb.s place代替；替换20do a good job干得好21interesting information有趣的资料22something enjoyable令人愉快的东西23look like看起来像24around the world全世界25a symbol of的象征26let sb. do sth.让某人做某事27plan to do sth.计划/打算做某事28hope to do sth.希望做某事29happen to do sth.碰巧做某事30expect to do sth.盼望做某事31. How about doing?做怎么样？32. be ready to do sth.乐于做某事二习惯用法：1let sb do sth. 让某人做某事2plan to do sth.计划做某事3hope to do sth. 希望做某事4mind doing sth 介意做某事5expect to do sth. 期待做某事 6How（what） about doing做某事怎么样？7be always ready to do sth. 总是准备做某事8become +adj 变得.9love ding sth 喜爱做某事三词语辨析：1.比较the other, the others, other, others, another 用法：the other 表示特指两个或者两部份中的另一个或另一部分，可直接单数名词或复数名词。表示两个中的一个另一个时，常用one the other。例：He has two brothers, one is a teacher, the other is a doctor. There are forty students in our class. twenty-one are girls, the other nineteen are boys. the others 特指某一范围内的其他的（人或物），是the other的复数形式，相当于the other+复数名词。the other + 复数名词 = any other + 名词单数。例：You two stay here, the others go with me. Im different from Jeff because Im louder than the other kids (any other kid) in my class. other 作代词或形容词，可修饰可数名词单数或复数。例：We learn Chinese, Maths, English and other subjects. others 作代词，泛指“其他的人或物”。 例：Some students are doing homework, others are talking loudly. another 泛指同类事物中的三者或三者以上的“另一个”，只能代替或修饰单数可数名词。例：I dont like this one. Please show me another one. 2.find out 查明，弄清楚，find 找到 Please find out when Mrs Green will go to Beijing.3. go on 发生，与 take place 同义I wonder what was going on. 4.happen vi.发生，一般指偶然发生，主语为事，不能为人。Sth + happens to sb. A traffic accident happened to his elder brother yesterday.Sth + happens + 地点/时间，某地/某时发生了某事An accident happened on Park Street.happen vi，表示“碰巧”，主语可以是人，后常跟动词不定式to,表示“碰巧”.Sb + happens to do sth.I happened to see my uncle on the street.* take place 意为“发生，举行，举办”，一般指非偶然性事件的“发生”，即这种事件的发生一定有某种原因或事先的安排。例：Gr