新标准大学英语综合教程2UNIT1预习资料

,ActiveReading(1),ActiveReading(2),Unittask,Previewtasks,Developmenttasks,TranslatinglongsentencesTranslatingrestrictiveattributiveclauses,Underlinetheusefulexpressionsinyourbook,一阵烟雾刺激的经历将变成激进的政治氛围持不同意见的少数人暴力冲突与联盟发动了一场大罢工创造意识的觉醒实现目标,ahazeofsmokestimulatingexperienceTransformintotheatmosphereofpoliticalradicalismdissidentminorityviolentclashesformanalliancewithlaunchageneralstrikecreativeawakeningachieveonesaimof,Usefulexpressions,全民重视的话题辍学令人头脑发热的气氛从高到低的顺序就业前景实现目的的手段日子一去不复返了同道好友热爱与的距离缩小,atopicofgreatnationalimportancedropouttheheadyatmosphereindescendingorderemployabilityprospectsameanstoanendGonearethedayswhenlike-mindedfriendshaveapassionforThegapbetweenandhasshrunk,SocialaffairsCulturalaffairsPresentation,Lifeinthesixties,Socialaffairs,ReadapassageaboutsocialaffairsintheUSduringthe1960s.Takenotesonthemainpoints.,Socialaffairs,The1960sbeganwiththeelectionofthefirstpresidentborninthe20thcentury-JohnKennedy.FormanyAmericans,theyoungpresidentwasthesymbolofaspiritofhopeforthenation.WhenKennedywasmurderedin1963,manyfeltthattheirhopesdied,too.Thiswasespeciallytrueofyoungpeople,andmembersandsupportersofminoritygroups.Atimeofinnocenceandhopesoonbegantolooklikeatimeofangerandviolence.MoreAmericansprotestedtodemandanendtotheunfairtreatmentofblackcitizens.MoreprotestedtodemandanendtothewarinVietnam.Andmoreprotestedtodemandfullequalityforwomen.,More,Socialaffairs,Bythemiddleofthe1960s,ithadbecomealmostimpossibleforPresidentLyndonJohnsontoleavetheWhiteHousewithoutfacingprotestersagainstthewarinVietnam.InMarchof1968,heannouncedthathewouldnotrunforanotherterm.InadditiontoPresidentJohnKennedy,twootherinfluentialleadersweremurderedduringthenineteensixties.CivilrightsleaderMartinLutherKingJuniorwasshotinMemphis,Tennesseein1968.Severalweekslater,RobertKennedy-JohnKennedysbrother-wasshotinLosAngeles,California.Hewascampaigningtowinhispartysnominationforpresident.Theirdeathsresultedinriotsincitiesacrossthecountry.,Culturalaffairs,ReadapassageaboutculturalaffairsintheUSduringthe1960s.Takenotesonthemainpoints.,BobDylan鲍勃迪伦（美国民谣歌手、作曲家、诗人）theWoodstockmusicfestival伍德斯托克摇滚音乐节JimiHendrix吉米亨德里克斯（美国吉他手、歌手和作曲人）JoanBaez琼贝兹（美国民谣歌手）TheWho英国“谁人”乐队JeffersonAirplane美国“杰斐逊飞机”乐队AllenGinsberg艾伦金斯堡（美国先锋派诗人）TimothyLeary蒂莫西李瑞（美国心理学家）,Script,Script,TheunrestandviolenceaffectedmanyyoungAmericans.Theeffectseemedespeciallybadbecauseofthetimeinwhichtheyhadgrownup.Bythemiddle1950s,mostoftheirparentshadjobsthatpaidwell.Theyexpressedsatisfactionwiththeirlives.Theytaughttheirchildrenwhatwerecalledmiddleclassvalues.TheseincludedabeliefinGod,hardwork,andservicetotheircountry.Later,manyyoungAmericansbegantoquestionthesebeliefs.Theyfeltthattheirparentsvalueswerenotenoughtohelpthemdealwiththesocialandracialdifficultiesofthenineteensixties.Theyrebelledbylettingtheirhairgrowlongandbywearingstrangeclothes.Theirdissatisfactionwasstronglyexpressedinmusic.Rock-and-rollmusichadbecomeverypopularinAmericainthe1950s.Somepeople,however,didnotapproveofit.Theythoughtitwastoosexual.Thesepeopledislikedtherock-and-rollofthe1960sevenmore.Theyfoundthewordsespeciallyunpleasant.,More,Script,Themusiciansthemselvesthoughtthewordswereextremelyimportant.AssingerandsongwriterBobDylansaid,Therewouldbenomusicwithoutthewords,BobDylanproducedmanysongsofsocialprotest.Hewroteanti-warsongsbeforethewarinVietnambecameaviolentissue.OnewascalledBlowinintheWind.Inadditiontosongsofsocialprotest,rock-and-rollmusiccontinuedtobepopularinAmericaduringthenineteensixties.Themostpopulargroup,however,wasnotAmerican.ItwasBritish-theBeatles-fourrock-and-rollmusiciansfromLiverpool.Othersongs,includingsomebytheBeatles,soundedmorerevolutionary.Theyspokeaboutdrugsandsex,althoughnotalwaysopenly.Doyourownthingbecameacommonexpression.Itmeanttodowhateveryouwanted,withoutfeelingguilty.FivehundredthousandyoungAmericansdidtheirownthing“attheWoodstockmusicfestivalin1969.TheygatheredatafarminNewYorkState.,More,Script,TheylistenedtomusicianssuchasJimiHendrixandJoanBaez,andtogroupssuchasTheWhoandJeffersonAirplane.Woodstockbecameasymboloftheyoungpeoplesrebellionagainsttraditionalvalues.Theyoungpeoplethemselveswerecalledhippies.HippiesbelievedthereshouldbemoreloveandpersonalfreedominAmerica.In1967,poetAllenGinsberghelpedleadagatheringofhippiesinSanFrancisco.Nooneknowsexactlyhowmanypeopleconsideredthemselveshippies.But20,000attendedthegathering.AnotherleaderoftheeventwasTimothyLeary.Hewasaformeruniversityprofessorandresearcher.LearyurgedthecrowdinSanFranciscototuneinanddropout.Thismeanttheyshouldusedrugsandleaveschoolortheirjob.Onedrugthatwasusedinthe1960swaslysergicaciddiethylamide,orL-S-D.L-S-Dcausesthebraintoseestrange,colorfulimages.Italsocancausebraindamage.SomepeoplesaytheBeatlessongLucyintheSkywithDiamondswasaboutL-S-D.,More,Script,AsmanyAmericanswerelisteningtosongsaboutdrugsandsex,manyotherswerewatchingtelevisionprogramswithtraditionalfamilyvalues.TheseincludedTheAndyGriffithShowandTheBeverlyHillbillies.Atthemovies,somefilmscapturedtherebelliousspiritofthetimes.TheseincludedDoctorStrangeloveandTheGraduate.Othersofferedescapethroughspyadventures,liketheJamesBondfilms.ManyAmericansrefusedtotuneinanddropoutinthe1960s.Theytooknopartinthesocialrevolution.Instead,theycontinuedleadingnormallivesofwork,family,andhome.Others,theactivistsofAmericansociety,werebusyfightingforpeace,andracialandsocialjustice.Womensgroups,forexample,wereseekingequalitywithmen.Theywantedthesamechancesasmentogetagoodeducationandagoodjob.Theyalsodemandedequalpayforequalwork.,Back,Lifetoday,ListentoashortpassageaboutthelifeofastudentintheUKandanswerquestions.,fitinwith和一致;符合tutorialn.有导师指导的小型讨论课seminarn.讨论课aC.V.一份简历betargetedat以为目标socializev.交往;交际,Lifetoday,1)WhatisatypicaldayforSarah?2)WhatdoesSarahdoafterfinishingherstudy?3)WhyisSarahfondofdebating?,ListentoashortpassageaboutthelifeofastudentintheUKandanswerquestions.,Goingouthavingfun,suchasdebatingorgoingtothepub.,Goingtolectures,tutorialsorseminarsandstayinginthelibrary.,ItgivesheralotoffunandalsomakesherlookgreatontheCVwhenshegraduates.,Script,Script,ImSarah-JaneSmilesIm21ImastudentatKingscollegeLondonstudyinglaw.Iminmyfinalyear.ItsmythirdyearthestandardforanundergraduatedegreegenerallyintheUKisthreeyears.Thereisnotypicaldayingeneralyourlecturesarespreadacrosstheweek,soyoudontreallyhaveaschooldayyouhavetimetoplananddoyourwork,fittinginwithyourlecturesso,forexample,Imayhaveabouttwoorthreehoursoflecturesortutorialsorseminarsperdayandthentherestofthetimeisthenspentgenerallyinthelibrary.IdonttendtoworklateintotheeveningjustbecauseIdontfinditproductive,soIllstop,perhapsabout8,9oclockatnight.,Script,WhenIfinishstudying,torelax,Ijustdonormalthingsastudentdoesgenerallygoingouthavingfun.IdolotsofdebatingfortheuniversityIvebeenabroadtocompetitionsinEurope.ItsparticularfunandobviouslylooksgreatontheCVforwhenyougraduate.Theresagreatstudentunionwithinthecollegesotheyllhavecertainclubnightsorcertainnightsbasicallytargetedatinteractingwithotherpeopleandsocialising,soitgenerallyfocusesaroundthepubenvironment.Beinginmyfinalyearnow,itsbecominglessandless,sadly,becauseobviouslymyfinalyearcountsmuchmorethananyotheryear.NowprobablyIcertainlygooutperhapsfourorfivenightsaweek.,Back,Comparison,Answerthefollowingquestion.,Basedonwhatyouvegotaboutthelifeinthe1960sandlifetoday,howdoyouthinkthelifeofyoungpeoplehaschanged?,Definitionofthe1960sCountercultureofthe1960sAnti-warmovementTheCivilRightsMovementHippiesSexualrevolutionPopularcultureTheWesternEuropeinthe1960s,ReadtheInformationrelated,Definitionofthe1960s,The1960stermreferstoaneramoreoftencalledTheSixties,denotingthecomplexofinter-relatedculturalandpoliticaltrendsinthewest,particularlyUnitedStates,Canada,Argentina,Brazil,Spain,France,UnitedKingdom,Italy,AustraliaandWestGermany.Socialandpoliticalupheavalwasnotlimitedtothesecountries,butincludedsuchnationsasJapan,Mexico,Yugoslavia(ju:gusl:vj)andothers.The1960shavebecomesynonymouswithallthenew,exciting,radical,andsubversive9(sbv:siv破坏性的)eventsandtrendsoftheperiod,whichcontinuedtodevelopinthe1970s,1980s,1990sandbeyond.,Countercultureofthe1960s,Inthesecondhalfofthedecade,youngpeoplebegantorebelagainsttheconservativenormsofthetime,aswellasdisassociatethemselvesfrommainstreamliberalism,inparticularthehighlevelsofmaterialismwhichwassocommonduringtheera.Thiscreateda“counterculture”thatsparkedasocialrevolutionthroughoutmuchofthewesternworld.ItbeganintheUnitedStatesasareactionagainsttheconservatismandsocialconformityofthe1950s,andtheUSgovernmentsextensivemilitaryinterventioninVietnam.,More,Theyouthinvolvedinthepopularsocialaspectsofthemovementbecameknownashippies.Thesegroupscreatedamovementtowardliberationinsociety,includingthesexualrevolution,questioningauthorityandgovernment,anddemandingmorefreedomsandrightsforwomen,homosexuals,andminorities.Themovementwasalsomarkedbydruguse(includingLSDandmarijuana)andpsychedelic(.saikidelik引起幻觉的)music.,Anti-warmovement,TheconflictinVietnamwouldeventuallyleadtoacommitmentofoverhalfamillionAmericantroops,resultedinover55,000Americandeathsandproducedalarge-scaleantiwarmovementintheUnitedStates.Aslateastheendof1965fewAmericansprotestedtheAmericaninvolvementinVietnambutasthewardraggedonandthebodycountinVietnamcontinuedtoincreasesodidcivilunrest.Studentsbecameapowerfulanddisruptiveforceanduniversitycampusessparkedanationaldebateoverthewar,asthemovementsidealsspreadbeyondcollegecampuses,doubtsaboutthewaralsobegantoappearwithintheadministrationitself.Onekindofprotestwascalleda“sit-in.”,TheCivilRightsMovement,TheCivilRightsMovement,akeyelementofthelargerCounterculturemovement,involvedthefightforequalrightsguaranteedundertheUSConstitutiontoallAmericancitizens,rightswhichmanysouthernstatesillegallydeniedthedescendentsofslavesofAfricanoriginfollowingemancipation.Stimulatedbythismovement,butgrowingbeyondit,werelargenumbersofstudent-ageyouthbeginningwiththeFreeSpeechMovementattheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeleyin1964.TheFSMactuallycameoutofastrugglefortherighttocollectmoneyoncampusforcivilrightsworkersinMississippi.Theuniversitytookthepositionthatsincesomeofthecivilrightsworkersweregettingarrested,theywereengagedinillegalactivity,anditwasagainstuniversity,More,rulestoallowthecollectionofmoneyforillegalactivities.ThisshockedandenragedstudentsoncampuswhowerefuriousthattheirliberaluniversitywouldsostronglysidewiththeracistsintheSouth-opposingvoterregistrationdrivesandprotectingthekillersofchildren.Thestudentstookoveracampusbuilding,andthepolicewerecalledintoarrestthehundredsandhundredsofstudentsinside.Newspaperphotosandtelevisionfilmclipsshowedtheextremebrutalityofthepolice,smashingheadswithclubs,throwingpeopledownconcretestairs,pullingwomenbytheirhair-allbecauseofasitintosupportcivilrights,somethingtheUSAwassupposedtostandfor.,Hippies,ThehippiesubcultureisayouthmovementthatbeganintheUnitedStatesduringtheearly1960sandspreadaroundtheworld.ThehippiesinheritedthecounterculturalvaluesoftheBeatGeneration,createdtheirowncommunities,listenedtopsychedelic(.saikidelik引起幻觉的)rock,embracedthesexualrevolution,anduseddrugssuchascannabis(knbis大麻)andLSDtoexplorealternativestatesofconsciousness.,Sexualrevolution,BeginninginSanFranciscointhemid1960s,anewcultureof“freelove”arose,withmillionsofyoungpeopleembracingthehippieethos(i:s风气)andpreachingthepowerofloveandthebeautyofsexasanaturalpartofordinarylife.Bythestartofthe1970sitwasacceptableforcollegestoallowco-educationalhousingwheremaleandfemalestudentsmingledfreely.Thisaspectofthecounterculturecontinuestoimpactmodernsociety.,Popularculture,Theriseofthecounterculturemovement,particularlyamongtheyouth,createdahugemarketforrock,soul,pop,reggaeandbluesmusicproducedbydrug-culture,influencedbandssuchasTheBeatles,TheRollingStones,JimiHendrixExperienceetc,alsoforradicalmusicinthefolktraditionpioneeredbyBobDylanintheUnitedStates,andinEngland,Donovanwashelpingtocreatefolkrock.,More,Thecounterculturemovementhadasignificanteffectoncinema.Moviesbegantobreaksocialtaboossuchassexandviolencecausingbothcontroversyandfascination.Theyturnedincreasinglydramatic,unbalanced,andhectic(hektik发热的)astheculturalrevolutionwasstarting.ThiswasthebeginningoftheNewHollywooderathatdominatedthenextdecadeintheatresandrevolutionizedthemovieindustry.Filmsofthistimealsofocusedonthechangeshappeningintheworld.DennisHoppersEasyRider(1969)focusedonthedrugcultureofthetime.Moviesalsobecamemoresexuallyexplicitasthecountercultureprogressed.,TheWesternEuropeinthe1960s,MasssocialistorCommunistmovementinmostEuropeancountries(particularlyFranceandItaly),withwhichthestudent-basednewleftwasabletoforgeaconnection.ThemostspectacularmanifestationofthiswastheMaystudentrevoltof1968inParisthatlinkedupwithageneralstrikeoftenmillionworkerscalledbythetradeunions;andforafewdaysseemedcapableofoverthrowingthegovernmentofCharlesdeGaulle.DeGaullewentofftovisit.FrenchtroopsinGermanytocheckontheirloyalty.Majorconcessions(妥协)werewonfortradeunionrights,higherminimumwagesandbetterworkingconditions.UniversitystudentsprotestedintheirhundredsofthousandsinLondon,Paris,BerlinandRomewiththehugecrowdsthatprotestedagainsttheVietnamWar.,Underlinetheusefulexpressionsinyourbook:,带有讥讽意味的话突然咔嗒一声开了窍重新审视从定义角度来说推翻强权政府给留下了非同寻常的机会公民自由权在请愿书上签名把自己的名字添加到各种邮件通讯录中政治抱负,ironiccommentSomethingclicked.takeafreshlookatbydefinitionoverthrowrepressivegovernmentleavesb.extraordinaryopportunitiescivillibertiessignpetitionssignupformailinglistspoliticalcommitment,More,激发灵感、鼓舞斗志的领袖人物表现自我反叛怀念给提供了一个不断发展的机会交流思想和受挫感与相关真实而深刻正在推进中的未完成的事业有一定的意义,inspirationalcharactersassertoneselfrebelagainstbenostalgicforprovidesb.withadevelopingopportunitycommunicateideasandfrustrationsbeassociatedwithrealandprofoundworkinprogressmakeasense,Blowininthewind,ListentoasongBlowininthewindbyBobDylan,anddiscussinpairs:Whatdoesthesongtellus?,HowmanyroadsmustamanwalkdownBeforeyoucallhimaman?HowmanyseasmustawhitedovesailBeforeshesleepsinthesand?Yes,nhowmanytimesmustthecannonballsflyBeforetheyreforeverbanned?Theanswer,myfriend,isblowininthewind,Theanswerisblowininthewind.Yes,nmanytimesmustamanlookupBeforehecanseethesky?Yes,nhowmanyearsmustonemanhaveBeforehecanhearpeoplecry?,More,Yes,nhowmanydeathswillittaketillheknowsThattoomanypeoplehavedied?Theanswer,myfriend,isblowininthewind,Theanswerisblowininthewind.Yes,nHowmanyyearscanamountainexistBeforeitswashedtothesea?Yes,nhowmanyyearscansomepeopleexistBeforetheyreallowedtobefree?Yes,nhowmanytimescanamanturnhishead,Andpretendinghejustdoesntsee?Theanswer,myfriend,isblowininthewind,Theanswerisblowininthewind.,“BlowinintheWind”wasreleasedin1963.Itbecameoneofthemostpopularanti-warsongsduringthe1960sandtheVietnamWar.Althoughithasbeendescribedasaprotestsong,itposesaseriesofrhetoricalquestionsaboutpeace,war,andfreedom.Therefrain“Theanswer,myfriend,isblowininthewind”hasbeendescribedas“impenetrablyambiguous:eithertheanswerissoobviousitisrightinyourface,ortheanswerisasintangibleasthewind”.,click,Whatdoesthesongtellus?,InJune1962,thesongwaspublisheda