计算机专业英语第3版unit3

2020/4/30,计算机专业英语（第3版）,1,Unit3MultimediaandItsApplications,3.1Multimedia3.2ComputerGraphicsandImages3.3ComputerAidedDesign3.4ComputerAnimation3.5MultimediaSoftware,2020/4/30,计算机专业英语（第3版）,2,3.1Multimedia,Asthenamesuggests,multimediaisasetofmorethanonemediaelementusedtoproduceaconcreteandmorestructuredwayofcommunication.Withgrowingandveryfastchanginginformationtechnology,multimediahasbecomeacrucialpartofcomputerworld.,2020/4/30,计算机专业英语（第3版）,3,ElementsofMultimedia,Webreakthewordmultimediaintoitscomponentpart,wegetmultimeaningmorethanone,andmediameaningformofcommunication.Thosetypesofmediaincludetext,audiosound,staticgraphicsimages,animationandfull-motionvideo.,2020/4/30,计算机专业英语（第3版）,4,Text,Textisthebasisforwordprocessingprogramsandisstillthefundamentalinformationusedinmanymultimediaprograms.Bydisplayingtextinmorethanoneformat,themessageamultimediaapplicationistryingtoportraycanbemademoreunderstandable.,2020/4/30,计算机专业英语（第3版）,5,AudioSound,Theintegrationofaudiosoundintoamultimediaapplicationcanprovidetheuserwithinformationnotpossiblethroughanyothermethodofcommunication.Audiosoundisavailableinseveraldifferentformats.Awavefilecontainstheactualdigitaldatausedtoplaybackthesoundaswellasaheaderthatprovidesadditionalinformationabouttheresolutionandplaybackrate.TheMIDIformatisactuallyaspecificationinventedbymusicalinstrumentmanufacturers.,2020/4/30,计算机专业英语（第3版）,6,StaticGraphicsImages,Staticgraphicsimagesareanimportantpartofmultimediabecausehumansarevisuallyoriented.Staticgraphicsimageshaveanumberofformatsandcanbecreatedinanumberofdifferentways.,2020/4/30,计算机专业英语（第3版）,7,Animation,Animationreferstomovinggraphicsimages.Animationisespeciallyusefulforillustratingconceptsthatinvolvemovement.,2020/4/30,计算机专业英语（第3版）,8,Full-MotionVideo,Full-motionvideo,suchastheimagesportrayedinatelevision,canaddevenmoretoamultimediaapplication.Full-motionvideoisstillinitsbeginningstagesonPCs,anditislimitedinresolutionandsize.,2020/4/30,计算机专业英语（第3版）,9,Applicationofmultimedia,ElectronicGamesHypermediaBrowsersMultimediaPresentationSystemsDesktopConferencingSystemsMultimediaServices,2020/4/30,计算机专业英语（第3版）,10,KeyWords,assemblage装配，集合cardiopulmonary心肺computerize计算机化concrete具体的，实际的conversion变换，转化，换位crucial极紧要的，决定性的guitar吉他hypermedia超媒体multimedia多媒体,2020/4/30,计算机专业英语（第3版）,11,KeyWords,narration叙述，故事officially官方的，公认的，正式的participant参加者，参加的，参与的portray描绘，描写，描述reinforce增强，加固restrict限制，限定resuscitation复苏，复兴，再兴retention保留，保持textual文本的，教科书的,2020/4/30,计算机专业英语（第3版）,12,Notes,1Asamultimediaprogrammer,youcanchoosewhatfonttodisplaytextin,howbig(orsmall)itshouldbe,andwhatcoloritshouldbedisplayedin.“Asamultimediaprogrammer”作状语，“what,how,what”是并列的宾语从句。译文：一个多媒体程序员可以选择要显示文本的字体、字号大小以及颜色。,2020/4/30,计算机专业英语（第3版）,13,Notes,2Onetypeofapplication,whichmanypeopleuseeveryday,istheWindowsHelpEngine.本句的“whichmanypeopleuseeveryday”是非限定性定语从句。译文：Windows帮助模块是许多人天天用到的多媒体应用程序。,2020/4/30,计算机专业英语（第3版）,14,Notes,3Staticgraphicsimagesareanimportantpartofmultimediabecausehumansarevisuallyoriented.本句由“because”引导原因状语从句。译文：静态图像是多媒体的重要部分，因为人类是视觉定位的。,2020/4/30,计算机专业英语（第3版）,15,Notes,4Full-motionvideo,suchastheimagesportrayedinatelevision,canaddevenmoretoamultimediaapplication.本句的“suchas”是“full-motionvideo”的同位语。译文：全运动影像，例如电视里的图像，可使多媒体的应用更为广泛。,2020/4/30,计算机专业英语（第3版）,16,Notes,5Althoughfull-motionvideomaysoundlikeanidealwaytoaddapowerfulmessagetoamultimediaapplication,itisnowherenearthequalityyouwouldexpertafterwatchingtelevision.本句由“although”引导让步状语从句。译文：虽然全运动影像听起来像是一个往多媒体程序中加入强有力信息的理想方法，但它无法达到人们看电视一样的效果。,2020/4/30,计算机专业英语（第3版）,17,TranslationExercises,同步声音synchronizedsound数据压缩datacompression字处理程序wordprocessingprogram多媒体演示系统multimediapresentationsystem文字的信息textualinformation多媒体服务multimediaservice弹出式窗口pop-upwindows国际标准internationalstandard,2020/4/30,计算机专业英语（第3版）,18,TranslationExercises,digitalimage数字图像mediaelement媒体元素playbackrate回放速度full-motionvideo全运动视频multimediaapplication多媒体应用程序DesktopConferencingSystem桌面会议系统MusicalInstrumentDigitalInterface乐器数字接口harddiskspace硬磁盘空间,2020/4/30,计算机专业英语（第3版）,19,ReadingMaterial:Thenextstepin3Dstorage,Asthedemandfrombusinessesandconsumersfordatastorageexplodes,developersofopticalstoragetechnologiesarescramblingtocondensemoreandmorebytesintoasmallerspace.InFMDtechnology,fluorescentdyereplacesthereflectiveandsemi-reflectivecoatinginwhichinformationisstoredinCD-ROMsandDVDs.Thisallowsformorelayersofinformation,becauselaserlightisnotblockedfromtravelingdeeperintothemedium.,2020/4/30,计算机专业英语（第3版）,20,ReadingMaterial:Thenextstepin3Dstorage,ThecostofasingleFMDmaybehigherthanthatofotherstoragemedia,butitscostpergigabyteshouldbeconsiderablylower.C3DisbankingonFMDtechnologybecomingthestandardinallkindsofsmallportableappliancesandelectronicdevices.FMDwillallowgigabytesofstorageonadiscthesizeandshapeofacreditcard.,2020/4/30,计算机专业英语（第3版）,21,ReadingMaterial:Thenextstepin3Dstorage,Oneofthetechnologiesthathasnotmadeitoutofthelaboratoryisbluelasers.Withtheshorterwavelengthsand,subsequently,greaterstoragecapabilitiesthanredlasers,bluelaserswouldburnsmallerpitsandcrammorebitsontoremovabledata.Bluelaserdevicesremaintoounwieldyforcommercialapplications.,2020/4/30,计算机专业英语（第3版）,22,3.2ComputerGraphicsandImages,Computergraphicsisawonderfulinventioninthefieldofcomputers.Theartofcreatingpictureswithacomputerhasgotnumerousapplications,thatitisofgreatimportancetoexploretheintrinsicoftheworldofcomputergraphics.,2020/4/30,计算机专业英语（第3版）,23,GraphicsPrimitives,Aprimitiveisagraphicsobjectthatisessentialforthecreationorconstructionofcompleximages.Apixelisapointoflight.Itisjustonetinydotontherasterdisplays.Lines,especiallystraightlines,constituteanimportantbuildingblockofcomputerimages.Apolygonisaclosedareaofimageboundedbystraightorcurvedlinesandfilledwithonesolidcolor.Sinceimagesaretwodimensional,apolygonisaplanefigure.,2020/4/30,计算机专业英语（第3版）,24,OutputPrimitives,Eachoutputprimitiveisspecifiedwithinputcoordinatedataandotherinformationaboutthewaythattheobjectistobedisplayed.Pointsandstraight-linesegmentsarethesimplestgeometriccomponentsofpictures.Additionaloutputprimitivesthatcanbeusedtoconstructapictureincludecirclesandotherconicsections,quadricsurfaces,splinecurvesandsurfaces,polygoncolorareas,andcharacterstrings.,2020/4/30,计算机专业英语（第3版）,25,OutputPrimitives,Pointplottingisaccomplishedbyconvertingasinglecoordinatepositionfurnishedbyanapplicationprogramintoappropriateoperationsfortheoutputdeviceinuse.Linedrawingisaccomplishedbycalculatingintermediatepositionsalongthelinepathbetweentwospecifiedendpointpositions.Digitaldevicesdisplayastraight-linesegmentbyplottingdiscretepointsbetweenthetwoendpoints.,2020/4/30,计算机专业英语（第3版）,26,DigitalImages,Thetermdigitalimageprocessinggenerallyreferstoprocessingofatwo-dimensionalpicturebyadigitalcomputer.Adigitalimageisanarrayofrealorcomplexnumbersrepresentedbyafinitenumberofbits.Fordisplay,theimageisstoredinarapid-accessbuffermemorywhichrefreshesthemonitorat30frames/stoproduceavisiblycontinuousdisplay.,2020/4/30,计算机专业英语（第3版）,27,DigitalImagesProcessing,Digitalimageprocessinghasabroadspectrumofapplications,suchasremotesensingviasatellitesandotherspacecrafts,imagetransmissionandstorageforbusinessapplications,medicalprocessing,radar,sonar,andacousticimageprocessing,robotics,andautomatedinspectionofindustrialparts.,2020/4/30,计算机专业英语（第3版）,28,ImageTransmissionandStorage,Imagetransmissionandstorageapplicationsoccurinbroadcasttelevision,teleconferencing,transmissionoffacsimileimagesforofficeautomation,communicationovercomputernetworks,closed-circuittelevisionbasedsecuritymonitoringsystems,andinmilitarycommunications.,2020/4/30,计算机专业英语（第3版）,29,KeyWords,acoustic听觉的，声学的adjust调整，校正appearance外观，出场broadcast散播的，广泛散步的conic圆锥曲面consecutive连续的，依次相续的constitute构成，组成，设立coordinate协调的，配合的，坐标的diameter直径digitization数字化elliptic椭圆形的endpoint终点facsimile传真，复制，摹本,2020/4/30,计算机专业英语（第3版）,30,KeyWords,horizontal水平的intrinsic本质的，真正的mission使命，任务noticeable注意，认识，通知numerous很多的，多数的phosphor荧光pixel像素plotter绘图仪polygon多边形primitive元素，原始的quadric二次曲面raster光栅refresh刷新resolution分辨率,2020/4/30,计算机专业英语（第3版）,31,KeyWords,satellite卫星scene场景，布景slide幻灯片，滑面，载片sonar声纳spectrum谱，光谱，范围synthesis合成，综合transparency投影胶片，透明装饰vertex顶点，最高点vertical垂直的，纵的visualization可见性，形象化voltage电压zigzag锯齿,2020/4/30,计算机专业英语（第3版）,32,Notes,1Itisusedindiverseareassuchasdisplayingtheresultsofengineeringandscientificcomputationsandvisualization,producingtelevisioncommercialsandfeaturefilms,simulationandanalysisofrealworldproblems,computeraideddesign,graphicaluserinterfacesthecommunicationbandwidthbetweenhumansandmachines,etc.这是一个典型的长句，主句是“Itisusedindiverseareas”，其后的部分作宾语补足语。译文：它应用于不同领域，如演示工程和科学计算及可视化的结果，制作电视广告和特色电影，现实世界问题的模拟和分析，计算机辅助设计，增加人机间通信带宽的图形用户接口等。,2020/4/30,计算机专业英语（第3版）,33,Notes,2Astructuralmethoddetermineswhichpixelsshouldbesetbeforedrawingtheline,aconditionalmethodtestscertainconditionstofindwhichpixelshouldbesetnext.这是一个并列句，每部分讲述一种方法，前部分的“whichpixelsshouldbesetbeforedrawingtheline”是宾语从句；后部分的“tofindwhichpixelshouldbesetnext”作宾语补足语。译文：结构方法是在画线之前决定像素的位置，条件方法是先验证一定的条件从而再决定像素的位置。,2020/4/30,计算机专业英语（第3版）,34,Notes,3Apolygon,eventhoughgenerallyconstructedfromstraightlines,isanimportantgraphicsprimitive.本句中的“eventhoughgenerallyconstructedfromstraightlines”作非限定性定语。译文：多边形，尽管通常由直线组成，但它也是重要的图形元素。,2020/4/30,计算机专业英语（第3版）,35,Notes,4Thecharacteristicstairstepshapeofrasterlinesisparticularlynoticeableonsystemswithlowresolution,andwecanimprovetheirappearancesomewhatbydisplayingthemonhigh-resolutionsystems.本句是并列句，在前部分，“Thecharacteristicstairstepshape”是主语，“rasterlines”作定语；后部分中，“we”是主语，“bydisplayingthemonhigh-resolutionsystems”是方式状语。译文：光栅线的这种特有的阶梯现象在低分辨率的系统上特别明显，我们可以通过使用高分辨率显示系统来改善这一点。,2020/4/30,计算机专业英语（第3版）,36,Notes,5Animagegivenintheformofatransparency,slide,photograph,orchartisfirstdigitizedandstoredasamatrixofbinarydigitsincomputermemory.本句是被动句，“givenintheformofatransparency,slide,photograph,orchart”是定语，修饰主语“image”，“bedigitizedandstored”是谓语。译文：以投影胶片、幻灯片、照片或绘图方式给定的图像首先要进行数字化，再以二进制数字阵列形式存储在计算机存储器内。,2020/4/30,计算机专业英语（第3版）,37,TranslationExercises,数学函数mathematicalfunction几何结构geometricstructure饼图piechart帧缓冲器framebuffer视频显示器visualdisplayunit电子束electronbeam数字图像digitalimage像素比pixelratio,2020/4/30,计算机专业英语（第3版）,38,TranslationExercises,integervalue整数值straightline直线industrialautomation工业自动化curvedline曲线three-dimensionalgraph三维图形low-levelprocedure低层过程outputprimitive输出图元closed-circuittelevision闭路电视,2020/4/30,计算机专业英语（第3版）,39,ReadingMaterial:ImageFileFormats,Imagefileformatsprovideastandardizedmethodoforganizingandstoringimagedata.TheJPEG(JointPhotographicExpertsGroup)standardwasdevelopedbyphotographicexpertsworkingunderthejointventureofITU,ISO,andotherstandardsbody.ThePGF(ProgressiveGraphicsFile)isanewlyintroducedwavelet-basedbitmappedimageformat.,2020/4/30,计算机专业英语（第3版）,40,ReadingMaterial:ImageFileFormats,TIFF(TaggedImageFileFormat)isafileformatforstoringimages,includingphotographsandlineart.GIF(GraphicInterchangeFormat)islimitedtoan8bitpalette,or256colors.TheBMP(BitMaPped)formatisusedinternallyintheMicrosoftWindowsoperatingsystemtohandlegraphicsimages.,2020/4/30,计算机专业英语（第3版）,41,ReadingMaterial:ImageFileFormats,TheMPEG(MovingPictureExpertsGroup)standardsarethemainalgorithmsusedtocompressvideosandhavebeeninternationalstandardssince1993.ThemajoradvantageofMPEGcomparedtoothervideoandaudiocodingformatsisthatMPEGfilesaremuchsmaller.,2020/4/30,计算机专业英语（第3版）,42,3.3ComputerAidedDesign,Inthebroadestsense,ComputerAidedDesign(CAD)referstoanyapplicationofacomputertothesolutionofdesignproblems.CADallowedthedesignertointeractgraphicallywiththecomputer,andenablestheengineertotestadesignideaandtorapidlyseeitseffect,thedesignideacanthenbemodifiedandreassessed.,2020/4/30,计算机专业英语（第3版）,43,TheCharacteristicofCAD,CADreliesupontheuseofacathode-raytubehookedtoacomputer.Thetechnicianfeedsdescriptionsofhisorherdesignintothecomputerbymeansofatypewriterkeyboard,alightpen,orasimilarinputdevice.Heorshethencommandsthecomputertoalterthedrawingincertainspecificways,suchasaddingordeletinglines.CADissoeffectivebecausethecomputercommunicatewiththedesignernotwithnumbersbutpictures,whicharemucheasierforthehumanmindtoabsorb.,2020/4/30,计算机专业英语（第3版）,44,TheCharacteristicofCAD,Newtechniqueshavebeendevelopedinanattempttoovercomeperceivedlimitationsinconventionalpracticeparticularlyindealingwithcomplexityforexampleinthecomplexityofformofsomedesignsuchasautomobilebodies,ortheintricacyofstructureofproductssuchasintegratedcircuits.CADshouldthereforeenablethedesignertotackleataskmorequicklyandaccurately,orinawaythatcouldnotbeachievedbyothermeans.,2020/4/30,计算机专业英语（第3版）,45,TheCharacteristicofCAD,CADshouldinvolvethedevelopmentofacentraldesigndescriptiononwhichallapplicationsindesignandmanufactureshouldfeed.ItmustalsobestressedthatatpresentCADdoesnothelpthedesignerinthemorecreativepartsofdesign,suchasthegenerationofpossibledesignsolutions,orinthoseaspectsthatinvolvecomplexreasoningaboutthedesign.,2020/4/30,计算机专业英语（第3版）,46,ThefunctionofCAD,1.Designandgeometricmodeling2.Engineeringanalysis3.Kinematics4.Drafting,2020/4/30,计算机专业英语（第3版）,47,TheDesignofCAD,ThegeneralCADsystemwasdevelopedbyconsideringawiderangeofpossibleusesofsuchasystem.Thefollowingwereconsideredindetail:MechanicalengineeringdesignBuildingdesignStructuralengineeringdesignElectroniccircuitdesignAnimationandgraphicdesign,2020/4/30,计算机专业英语（第3版）,48,KeyWords,absorb吸收amend修改，改善cathode阴极evaluation评价，评估extensively广泛地foregoing前述的，先前的friction摩擦frustrate挫败，击败graphically图形地intricacy纷乱，错杂invaluable无价的，价值无法衡量的,2020/4/30,计算机专业英语（第3版）,49,KeyWords,iteration重复kinematics运动学laborious艰苦的，勤劳的pictorially绘图地，形象地portion部分provision准备，供应reassess再评价repetitive重复性sketch草图，描绘略图tackle处理tedious沉闷的，冗长的,2020/4/30,计算机专业英语（第3版）,50,Notes,1Morespecifically,CADisatechniqueinwhichtheengineerandacomputerworktogetherasateam,utilizingthebestcharacteristicsofeach.“inwhich”是一个介词前置的限定性定语从句，修饰和限定“atechnique”。译文：更确切地说，CAD是使工程技术人员和计算机协同工作，彼此发挥长处的技术。,2020/4/30,计算机专业英语（第3版）,51,Notes,2Thisforegoingfeatureofthecomputerprovesinvaluableinitsroleasadesignaidasthenumberofcalculationsrequiredbysomedesignscouldsimplynotbeperformedbymaninareasonabletime.“asadesignaid”为主句中的状语；“asthenumberof”则为原因状语从句，从句中的过去分词短语“requiredbysomedesigns”作定语，修饰“calculations”。译文：由于在有限的时间内某些设计所需要的大量计算不能简单地由人来完成，计算机的上述特征证明其作为一个设计工具的作用是无法估价的。,2020/4/30,计算机专业英语（第3版）,52,Notes,3Forinstance,thedesignercandeterminehowitwillbehaveunderstressorhowheatwillflowthroughitifitisexposedtothesunorsubjectedtofriction.由“how”引导的两个并列从句作本句的宾语，“ifitisexposedtothesunorsubjectedtofriction”是条件状语从句。译文：例如，设计师可以确定在一定压力下部件的工作状况，或者暴露在阳光下或承受摩擦时热量将如何流动。,2020/4/30,计算机专业英语（第3版）,53,Notes,4Indesignandgeometricmodelingtheengineerdescribesthebasicshapeofthecomponentheorsheisintendingtomake,andthecomputerconvertstheseinputsintoamathematicalmodelthatitstoresforlateruse.本句中的“Indesignandgeometricmodeling”作状语，由“and”引导两个并列句子，主语分别是“theengineer”和“thecomputer”。译文：在设计和几何造型阶段，工程师描述将要制造的零件的基本形状，计算机把这些输入信息转换成数学模型，并将它存储起来供以后使用。,2020/4/30,计算机专业英语（第3版）,54,Notes,5Withcomputer-simulatedkinematicstheusercandeterminewhetherornotthemovingpartsorotherstructureswillinterferewiththemotionofthecomponentbeingdesigned.本句的“Withcomputer-simulatedkinematics”作状语，“whetherornot”是宾语从句。译文：借助于计算机模拟运动学分析，设计人员可以确定运动部件或其他结构是否会干扰正在设计的零件的运动。,2020/4/30,计算机专业英语（第3版）,55,TranslationExercises,绘图板drawingboard计算机数字控制的computernumericalcontrolled复杂计算complicatedcalculation光笔lightpen现实世界行为real-worldbehavior阴极射线管cathode-raytube人机界面man-machineinterface工程制图engineeringdrawing,2020/4/30,计算机专业英语（第3版）,56,TranslationExercises,digitalform数字形式manufacturingprocess制造过程timeconstraint时间限制testresults测试结果conventionalmodelingtechnique传统的模型技术manufacturinginstruction制造指令buildingdesign建筑设计electroniccircuitdesign电路设计,2020/4/30,计算机专业英语（第3版）,57,ReadingMaterial:IntroductiontoCAM,EngineeringdesignhasbeeninfluencedheavilybytheCADtechnologyandtoolsavailabletodesigners.Similarly,manufacturinghasundergonemajorchangeswiththeintroductionofnumericallycontrolled(NC)andcomputernumericallycontrolled(CNC)machinetools.,2020/4/30,计算机专业英语（第3版）,58,ReadingMaterial:IntroductiontoCAM,Historically,CAD/CAMintegrationbeganwiththedevelopmentoftheNCtechnology.TheintegrationofCADandCAMplacesincreasingemphasisontoolsandpathsforNCmachines.Amanufacturingsystemcanbedefinedasacombinationofpeople,machinery,andequipmentwhichisconstrainedbymaterialandinformationflow.,2020/4/30,计算机专业英语（第3版）,59,ReadingMaterial:IntroductiontoCAM,Manufacturingsystemscanbeclassifiedintothefollowingsystems.Transferline.Thisrepresentstheoldesttypeofmanufacturingsystems.2.Specialmanufacturingsystem.ThissystemtogetherwiththenexttwosystemsrepresentthevarioustypesofCIM(ComputerIntegratedManufacturing)systems.3.Flexiblemanufacturingsystem(FMS).Amid-volume,mid-varietyproductionrangeiscoveredbythissystem.4.Manufacturingcell.ThisisthemostflexibleCIMsystem.5.Stand-aloneandNCmachines.Thesemachinesarehighlyflexible.,2020/4/30,计算机专业英语（第3版）,60,3.4ComputerAnimation,Sometypicalapplicationsofcomputer-generatedanimationareentertainment(motionpicturesandcartoons),advertising,scientificandengineeringstudies,andtrainingandeducation.Advertisinganimationsoftentransferoneobjectshapeintoanother.Manyapplicationsofcomputeranimationrequirerealisticdisplays.Entertainmentandadvertisingapplicationsaresometimesmoreinterestedinvisualeffects.,2020/4/30,计算机专业英语（第3版）,61,Designprocessofanimation,Ingeneral,asequenceisdesignedwiththefollowingsteps:StoryboardlayoutObjectdefinitionsKey-framespecificationsGenerationofin-betweenframes,2020/4/30,计算机专业英语（第3版）,62,Designprocessofanimation,Thestoryboardisanoutlineoftheaction.Itdefinesthemotionsequenceasasetofbasiceventsthataretotakeplace.Anobjectdefinitionisgivenforeachparticipantintheaction.Akeyframeisadetaileddrawingofthesceneatacertaintimeintheanimationsequence.In-betweensaretheintermediateframesbetweenthekeyframes.,2020/4/30,计算机专业英语（第3版）,63,Designprocessofanimation,Thereareseveralothertasksthatmayberequired,dependingontheapplication.Theyincludemotionverification,editing,andproductionandsynchronizationofasoundtrack.Somestepsinthedevelopmentofananimationsequencearewellsuitedtocomputersolution.,2020/4/30,计算机专业英语（第3版）,64,MakingmovieclipswithFlash,StandardFlashworkenvironmentincludesmenubar,toolbar,stage,time-axiswindow,andtoolpal