新视野大学英语3(词汇解释--unit one)

UnitOneLoveWithoutLimitations,核心词汇与短语1.deliveryn.投递；投递的邮件；分娩；演讲e.g.Thefirmstoppedfreehomedelivery.这家公司不再免费送货上门。Themotherhadaneasydelivery.那位母亲顺产。Beforethecontesthespenttwohourseverydaypracticingdelivery.比赛前，他每天花两个小时练习演讲。派生：delivervt.投递；发表；给（产妇）接生,2.justicen.正义；司法，法律制裁（反：injustice）e.g.Everyoneshouldbetreatedwithjustice.每个人都应受到公正的对待。Thecriminalswerefinallybroughttojustice.罪犯们最终被缉拿归案。搭配：dojusticeto公平地对待bringsb.tojustice使某人受到法律制裁treatwithjustice秉公对待派生：justifyvt.证明正当justificationn.正当的理由,3.beneathprep.在下面（反：above）；(地位等)低于；在掩盖下；有失的身份；ad.在下方e.g.Shallwerestintheshadebeneaththesetrees?我们在树荫下休息一会儿好吗？Theearthlaybeneathablanketofsnow.大地被厚厚的白雪覆盖。Itwouldbebeneathhimtodothat.他做那件事未免有失身份。搭配：bebeneathsb.todosth.做某事有损某人身份theheavenaboveandtheearthbeneath天上和地下,4.disguisevt./n.假扮；伪装；掩盖e.g.Shedisguisedherselfasamanwithafalsebeard.她戴上假须，女扮男装。Hedisguisedhishandwritingbywritingwithhislefthand.他用左手写字来掩盖自己原来的笔迹。Nobodysawthroughhisdisguise.没有人识破他的伪装。搭配：amaleinfemaledisguise男扮女装indisguise伪装，假扮ablessingindisguise因祸得福inthedisguiseof伪装成,辨析：表示“隐瞒”的动词conceal:较正式用词，着重表示有意巧妙地“隐藏、隐瞒”，尤指不想泄露或被发现，宾语可以是人、物，事实等。如：Thepaintingswereconcealedbeneathathicklayerofplaster.那些画被隐藏在厚厚的灰泥层下面。disguise:多指通过外表或行为的伪装“掩饰”真是身份、动机或态度等。如：Togetintothebuilding,Idisguisedmyselfasareporter.为了进入大楼，我装扮成记者。,hide:最常用词，可指故意“隐藏、隐瞒”，也可指无意地“隐藏”。如：Hecouldnothidehisembarrassment.他没法掩盖自己的窘态。,5.vacanta.未被占用的；空缺的；茫然的e.g.Passerbygavethearguingmenavacantstare.过路人向吵架的人投去茫然的一瞥。Bytheendofthespeech,theauditoriumwasalmostvacant.到演讲结束，大礼堂几乎空无一人。Thepositionofheadmasterhasfallenvacant.校长的职位暂时空缺。搭配：avacantroom空房间vacantposition空缺职位withvacantlooks带着茫然的神情,6.longa.长的；长期的；ad.长期地；vi.渴望e.g.Theothersarealongwaybehind.其他人落在后面很远。Hewasmoaningallnightlong.他整夜不断呻吟。Thechildrenarelongingfortheholidays.孩子们渴望着假期。搭配：longforsth.渴望得到longtodosth.渴望做so/aslongas只要inthelongrun从长远看,7.pledgen.保证，誓言；vt.保证（同promise）e.g.Shemadeapledgetoofferhelpwhenneeded.她许诺说需要的时候肯定帮忙。Theyhadpledgedthattheywouldalwaysremainfaithful.他们发誓将永远忠贞不渝。用法：名词和动词pledge后面都可以接带to不定式或that从句，动词pledge后面还可以直接接宾语（-sth.）或接反身代词再接不定式（-oneselftodosth.）。,8.drainvt.排走；使筋疲力尽vi.慢慢流掉n.耗竭；排水管e.g.Shefeltemotionallydrainedafterherdivorce.离婚之后，她觉得自己在感情上很累。Theydrainthewaterfromthepondtocatchfish.他们排光池塘的水来捕鱼。搭配：bedrainedof耗尽（精力、财富等）drainfrom/outof把从中排出drainonesstrength/energy耗费力气、精力braindrain人才外流,9.restrainvt.控制；抑制（同suppress）e.g.Imustlearntorestrainmyself.我得学会约束自己。e.g.Imustlearntorestrainmyself.我得学会约束自己。IcantrestrainmyangerwhenIhearofpeoplebeingcrueltoanimals.听到有人残酷地对待动物的时候，我就抑制不住愤怒。搭配：restrainsb./sth.fromsth./doingsth.抑制某人或某物使不做某事派生：restraineda.克制的restraintn.抑制；约束措施,重点短语,1.trackdown跟踪找到，查到e.g.ThepolicetrackeddownthecriminalinCalifornia.警察在加州抓到了犯罪分子。Ifinallymanagedtotrackdownthebookyouwantedinthelibrary.我终于在图书馆里找到了你想要的那本书。用法：trackdown后接人或物。,2.pickon找茬，欺负e.g.Lilytoldhermotherthatherclassmateswerealwayspickingonher.莉莉告诉她妈妈同学老是欺负她。考点：由pick构成的短语：pickat吃一点点，无食欲地吃pickup捡起；学会；用车接人；继续pickout挑出；辨认出,3.tellon告发e.g.Youwonttellonme,willyouotherwiseIllbeintrouble.你不会举报我吧？不然我可就麻烦了。考点：由tell构成的短语tellagainst对有不利影响tellapart区分，辨别tellof告诉；描述,4.hit/strikehome击中要害；被领会e.g.Herblowstruckhome.她那一拳打中例如要害。Itcanbeseenfromherexpressionthatthisremarkshadhithome（副词）.从她的表情可以看出，她领会了他的话。,5.reckonwith考虑e.g.Wereckonedwiththepossibilitythatitmightrain.我们考虑到可能下雨。用法：reckonwith的反义词为reckonwithout“没有考虑到，对未加考虑”，如：Wehadreckonedwithoutth