建筑工程专业英语unit2

Lesson2,TheArchitecturalChartingDrawingRecognitionandFundamentalsofCAD,CAD-ComputerAidedDesign,TheArchitecturalChartingandDrawingRecognition,Thearchitecturalengineeringplatisonekindoftheengineeringplat,whichisusedtoexpresstheshape,size,material,structure,constructionmodeofthebuildingaswellasthespecificationandsoon1.Itisnotonlyanimportanttooltoexpressdesignintentions,exchangetechnologythoughts,butalsoanimportanttechnicaldocumenttoinstructtechnicalworksuchasproduction,construction,managementandsoon.,architecturalengineeringplat建筑工程图样structure结构，构造construction建设，施工,“Thearchitecturalchartinganddrawingrecognition”isthetheoryandmethodthatstudiesdrawingandreadingofthearchitecturalengineeringplat,andalsoisthemaintechnologicalcurriculumthatraisesseniorengineeringappliedtalentsinproductlineforrelatedmajors.Theprimarycoverageofthiscurriculumincludes:elementaryknowledgeandskillofcharting,projectionchartingandthearchitecturalengineeringplatandsoon.,architecturalchartinganddrawingrecognition建筑工程制图与识图projectioncharting投影制图curriculum课程,Theprojectionphenomenonreferstothatifaobjectisirradiatedunderthesunlightorlamplight,itwillleaveashadowonthegroundoronthewall.Byscientificallyandabstractedlysummarizingtherelationshipbetweenobjectandshadowinthelong-termproductionpractice,peoplesumupthemethodofprojection.Theprojectioniswidelyusedtoexpresstheobjectintheengineeringcircle,soastorealizetheinterconvertionbetweenthree-dimensionalobjectsandtwo-dimensionalobjects.,First,ProjectionchartingTheconceptofprojection,projectionphenomenon投影现象three-dimensional三维,Threebasicelementsthattheprojectionmusthavearetheprojectionline,theobject,theprojectingplane.,Fig2.1Projectionprocess,Projectionscommonlyusedintheprojectarethree-planeprojectiondrawing,theaxonometricdrawingandtheperspectivedrawing.,（a）three-planeprojectiondrawing,（b）axonometricdrawing,（c）perspectivedrawing,Fig2.2Projection,three-planeprojectiondrawing三面投影图theaxonometricdrawing轴测图theperspectivedrawing透视图,Three-planeprojectiondrawingisthemainpatternintheproject,whichcanaccuratelyreflecttheshapeandsizeofobjectandisconvenienttochat2.Intheordinarycircumstances,three-planeprojectiondrawingiscomposedofthehorizontalprojectiondrawing,thefrontalprojectiondrawingandtheprofileprojectiondrawing.Intheanalysisprocessofthree-planeprojectiondrawing,wearerequiredtofollowtheprojectionrelationof“equalityinheight,widthandlength”,whichisthefoundationofdrawingandreading.,Three-planeprojectiondrawing,horizontalprojectiondrawing水平投影图frontalprojectiondrawing正面投影图profileprojectiondrawing侧面投影图,Fig4.3isabuilding,Fig4.4isitshorizontalplane,Fig4.5issouthelevationandFig4.6isthesection.Takethehorizontalplaneforanexampletoexplainthereadingmethod.,horizontalplane平面图section剖面,Fig2.3Theperspectivedrawing,Fig2.4Househorizontalplane,Fig2.5Southelevation,Fig2.6Thesection(1-1),1Tounderstandmaptitle,proportion.2Tounderstandbuildingsfacing.3Tounderstandarchitecturalplanelayout.4Tounderstandarchitecturalplanesize.5Tounderstandarchitecturalpositionofwindowsanddoorsandtheirserialnumbers.6Tounderstandthesectionpositionofarchitecturalsection.,FundamentalsofCAD,CADisanacronym.Somepeopleuseitfor“computer-aideddrawing”,whileothersfor“computer-aideddesign”.TherearenowmanyCADsystemsavailabletodesignorganizations.Theyvaryincost,scope,capability,andinsuitabilityfortheworkoftheparticularoffice.,acronym缩写词available可利用的capability性能,Thereisalonghistoryofusingcomputersparticularlyinanengineeringdesignoffice,andithasmainlybeenforelaboratecalculationsuchasstructuralanalyses,andforadministrativechores3.Suchtasksareessentiallyoperationsonnumbers,andwhichisideallysuitedforcomputers.Howeverdesignerstendtocommunicatemostprojectinformationingraphicalforms.Drawingshavealwaysbeencentraltothewholeconstructionprocess,andarelikelytocontinueassuchintheforeseeablefuture.,elaborate阐述foreseeable可预见性的,Ithastakensometimetoteachcomputerstocopewithinformationingraphicalform.Buttheincentivesareevident.Adesignofficemighttypicallyspendonly5or10%ofitscollectiveeffortoncalculations.Howevertheproductionofdrawingmightwellrepresent40%ormoreofitstotalworkload.Soanyimportantthatcanbeachievedindrawingefficiencyoughttohaveahighimpact.ThisundoubtedlyaccountsformuchofthehugecurrentinterestinCAD.Now,weunderstandtheCADgraphicsinterface,Fig.2.7theCADgraphicsinterface,Automaticallyplotteddrawingsproducedasaby-productofanengineeringapplicationsprogramarenorecentachievement.Asanexample,ifweexaminehighwaydesign,wefindthatinthelate1960sandearly1970sthegeometryofmostimportantnewroadswasbeingdrawnbycomputer4.Plans,sectionsandperspectivedrawingsofroadscouldbeproducedautomatically.Howevertheparticularprogramsusedwerelimitedinscopetoroadsonly,andsowerespecial-purposeapplicationsprograms.,by-product副产品engineeringapplicationprogram工程应用程序,Moreovertheyworkedbestforlongroadsinruralor,betterstill,desertareas.Theyworkedleastwellforcomplexroadinterchangesintheurbanenvironment.Althoughtheyremainimmenselyvaluable,suchprogramswouldnotbeclassifiedasCADsystemsbecausetheylackacapabilityforinteractivegraphics.Theydonotpermitthedesignertocarryonadialoguewiththecomputertograduallybuildup,refineandmodifyhisdesigninformation.,interchange互通式立交；交通立体交叉refine改进，细化interactivegraphics交互式绘图,Fig.2.8Roadplan,Fig.2.9Roadperspectivedrawing,1.Thearchitecturalengineeringplatisonekindoftheengineeringplat,whichisusedtoexpresstheshape,size,material,structure,constructionmodeofthebuildingaswellasthespecificationandsoon.建筑工程图是工程图中的一种，用来表达建筑物的形状、大小、材料、结构、构造方式以