Robert-Frost-英美文学课PPT课件VIP

-,1,RobertFrost,(1874.31963.1),MadebyB080323于苗苗,UnofficialPoetLaureateoftheNation,-,2,Life,Works,Literarystyle,Influence,OtherInformation,RobertFrost,-,3,-,4,-,5,Elliott(b.1896-1900)Carol(1902-1940)Lesley(b.1899),Irma(b.1903),Marjorie(b.1905-1934),ElinorBettina(1907-1907).,In1900ElliotdiedofcholeraIn1907ElinorBettinadiedjustonedayafterbirthIn1934hisbeloveddaughterMarjoriediedafterthebirthofherfirstchildIn1938hiswifeElinordiedofaheartattack.In1940Carolcommittedsuicide.,Frost,hiswifeElinorandtheirchildren:,-,6,HisHome,-,7,RobertFrostwasagreatpoetwhowasbornonMarch26,1874inSanFrancisco,California.ThoughborninAmerica,hecameofNewEnglandstock(血统),hisancestorsforninegenerationsbeingNewEnglandersandlivinginLowell,Massachusetts（洛厄尔马萨诸塞州）.,WhenRobertwas11hisfatherdied,andthefamilymovedtoMassachusettsinNewEnglandwherehismothertaughttoearnaliving.,LifeandWritingCareer,-,8,Aftergraduatingfromhighschool,FrosthadstudiedatDartmouthCollege（达特茅斯学院）(in1893),butremainedlessthan1semester.ReturningtoMassachusetts,hetaughtschoolandworkedinamillandasanewspaperreporter.,Afterhismarriage,FroststudiedatHarvardUniversityinCambridge,Massachusetts(18971899),butleftwithoutreceivingadegreeduetofamilyproblemsandpoorhealth.,In1895hemarriedElinorWhite,whobecameamajorinspirationinhispoetry,andthenthenewlywedscontinuedtoteach,whichFrostalwaysenjoyed.,-,9,Thiswasnodoubtanimportantperiodinhisdevelopment,forhewasdistinctlyandalmostexclusivelythepoetoftheNewEnglandcountrysideandcountrypeople.,In1900,hisgrandfatherboughthimafarminNewHampshire(新罕布什尔州)fromwhichhewrested(费力地取得)aliving，supplementedbyteaching,for12years.,-,10,In1912,attheageof38,Frostdecidedtotrytomakeanewstart.HesoldthefarmandusedtheproceedstotakehisfamilytoEngland,wherehebecameacquaintedwiththeF.S.Flint,EdwardThomas,andEzraPound,whocalledFrostspoems“moderngeorgics(田园诗).,Fortunatelyhehadhisfirsttwovolumesofverse,ABoysWill孩子的意愿(forwhichhegotareviewfromthefamousAmericanexpatriate(移居外国的)poetEzraPound),andNorthofBoston波士顿以北publishedinLondonwiththehelpofEzraPound.,-,11,In1915FrostcamebacktotheUnitedStates.WhiledevotinghimselftopoetryhetaughtatAmherstCollege(阿默斯特)tosupporthimself.,Hisfamewassteadilyontheincrease,hepublishedasuccessionofbooks:MountainInterval山间,NewHampshire新罕布什尔，West-RunningBrook西去的溪流,CollectedPoems诗歌全集etc.,-,12,In1920,FrostboughtStoneHouse(nowamuseum)inSouthShaftsbury,Vermont.Frostlivedtherefrom1920to1929.TherehewrotemanyofthepoemscontainedinhisfourthcollectionofpoetryNewHampshire新罕布什尔(1923)whichwonhimthePulitzerPrizeforPoetryin1923.,StoneHouse,-,13,In1930hewaselectedtotheAmericanAcademyofArtsandLetters.,Afterthedeathofhiswife(in1938),FrostbecamestronglyattractedtoKayMorrison,whomheemployedashissecretaryandadviser.Frostalsocomposedforheroneofhisfinestlovepoems,AWitnessTree见证树.,In1958hewasmadepoetryconsultantfortheLibraryofCongress.,-,14,Whenhewasasoldaseighty-seven,twoyearsbeforehisdeath,hewaschosentoreadoneofhispoems,“TheGiftOutright”(1942)attheinauguration（就职典礼）ofthelatePresidentJohnF.Kennedy.,-,15,RobertFrostdiedonthe29thofJanuary1963inBoston,Massachusetts.HeliesburiedinthefamilyplotintheOldBenningtonCemeterybehindtheOldFirstCongregationalChurchnearShaftsbury,Vermont.HisgravestonereadsIHadALoversQuarrelWithTheWorld.,-,16,“ThedeathofRobertFrostleavesavacancyintheAmericanspirit.Hisdeathimpoverishesusall;buthehasbequeathedhisNationabodyofimperishableversefromwhichAmericanswillforevergainjoyandunderstanding.”,JustninemonthsafterFrostsdeath,KennedygaveaspeechatAmherstCollege,singingFrostspraisesandspeakingontheimportanceoftheArtsinAmerica.Laterhesaid,-,17,Works,少年的心愿1913波士顿以北1914山间低地1916新罕布仕尔1923西去的溪流1928诗集1930山外青山1935见证树1942绒毛绣线菊1947理性假面具1945仁慈假面具1947,CompletePoems诗全集,ABoysWillNorthofBostonMountainIntervalNewHampshireWest-RunningBrookCollectedPoemsAFurtherRangeAwitnessTreeSteepleBushAMasqueofReasonAMasqueofMercy,-,18,Tworoadsdivergedinayellowwood,AndsorryIcouldnottravelboth.Andbeonetraveler,longIstoodAndlookeddownoneasfarasIcouldTowhereitbentintheundergrowth;Thentooktheother,asjustasfair,Andhavingperhapsthebetterclaim,Becauseitwasgrassyandwantedwear;ThoughasforthatthepassingthereHadwornthemreallyaboutthesame.,黄叶林中分出两条小路，可惜我一人不能同时涉足,我在路口伫立良久，向着其中一条翘首极目，直到它消失在丛林深处。但我选择了另一条路，芳草待踏，分外幽寂同样显得诱人、美丽，虽然这两条路是如此相似,都几乎没有旅人的足迹。,TheRoadNotTaken,(fromMountainInterval),视频,-,19,AndboththatmorningequallylayInleavesnostephadtroddenblack.Oh,Ikeptthefirstforanotherday!Yetknowinghowwayleadsontoway,IdoubtedifIshouldevercomeback.IshallbetellingthiswithasighSomewhereagesandageshence:Tworoadsdivergedinawood,andIItooktheonelesstraveledbyAndthathasmadeallthedifference.,那天清晨落叶满地，两条都是未经脚步践踏的小径，呵，留下一条路等下次再走但我知道路径延绵没有尽头,恐怕一走就再难回首。也许多年后在某地，我回首往事轻声叹息，两条道路分散在树林里而我选择的那条更少人迹，从此决定了我人生的迥异。,-,20,PoemAnalysis,Thispoemseemstobeaboutthepoet,walkinginthewoodsinautumn,hesitatingforalongtimeandwonderingwhichroadheshouldtakesincetheyarebothpretty.Inreality,thisisameditativepoemsymbolicallywritten.Itconcernstheimportantdecisionswhichonemusttakeinthecourseoflife,whenonemustgiveuponedesirablethinginordertopossessanother.,Thetheme:,-,21,Thepoemhas4stanzasandeachhasarhymeschemeofabaab.Thepoemisamonologue（独白）byonewhoisuncertainabouthischoicesometimeago.,PoemAnalysis,Inthefirststanzahetalksaboutthechoicebeforehim:2roadsdivergedinayellowwood.Inthesecondstanzathechoicehasbeenmadebecauseheiscourageousandindependent.Inthethirdstanzathespeakertalksoftheuntroddenroadandhisuncertaintiesaboutthelimitsoflife.,Theninthelaststanzathespeakerbecomesconvincedaboutthetruthinlife:“Itooktheonelesstraveledby,/Andthathasmadeallthedifference”.Thepoempresentstheprocessofmakingchoiceandhavingdoubt,vividlyrevealingthetruthinametaphoricway.,Thestructure:,-,22,无限美景在险峰世上本没有路，走的人多了便成了路。路漫漫其修远兮，吾将上下而求索。“人，最宝贵的是生命。生命对每个人只有一次。这仅有的一次生命应当怎样度过呢？每当回忆往事的时候，能够不为虚度年华而悔恨，不因碌碌无为而羞耻；在临死的时候，他能够说：我的整个生命和全部精力，都已经献给了世界上最壮丽的事业为人类解放而进行的斗争.”,由此诗所引起的哲思,-,23,WhosewoodstheseareIthinkIknow.Hishouseisinthevillage,though;HewillnotseemestoppinghereTowatchhiswoodsfillupwithsnow.MylittlehorsemustthinkitqueerTostopwithoutafarmhousenearBetweenthewoodsandfrozenlakeThedarkesteveningoftheyear.,我想我认识树林的主人他家住在林边的农村；他不会看见我暂停此地，欣赏他披上雪装的树林。我的小马准抱着个疑团：干嘛停在这儿，不见人烟，在一年中最黑的晚上，停在树林和冰湖之间。,StoppingbyWoodsonaSnowyEvening,（fromNewHampshire）,-,24,HegiveshisharnessbellsashakeToaskifthereissomemistake.TheonlyothersoundsthesweepOfeasywindanddownyflake.Thewoodsarelovely,dark,anddeep,ButIhavepromisestokeep,AndmilestogobeforeIsleep,AndmilestogobeforeIsleep.,它摇了摇颈上的铃铎，想问问主人有没有弄错。除此之外唯一的声音是风飘绒雪轻轻拂过。树林真可爱，既深又黑，但我有许多诺言不能违背，还要赶多少路才能安睡，还要赶多少路才能安睡。,-,25,FrostusesthekindoffamiliarNewEnglanddetailsthatconstitutethispoetryformorethandescriptivepurposes.,Theformisregulariambictetrameter(four-beatlines);therhymeschemeisafairlycomplexone,aaba,bbcb,ccdc,anddddd.,AlthoughFrostsstrategyistotalkaboutparticulareventsandindividualexperience,hispoemsevokeuniversalissues.FrostsNewEnglandlandscapesaretheoccasionratherthantheultimatefocusofthispoem.,PoemAnalysis,-,26,Somethingthereisthatdoesntloveawall有一点什么，它大概是不喜欢墙，Thatsendsthefrozen-ground-swellunderit,它使得墙脚下的冻地涨得隆起，Andspillstheupperbouldersinthesun;大白天的把墙头石块弄得纷纷落：Andmakesgapseventwocanpassabreast.使得墙裂了缝，二人并肩都走得过。Theworkofhuntersisanotherthing:绅士们行猎时又是另一番糟蹋：Ihavecomeafterthemandmaderepair他们要掀开每块石头上的石头，Wheretheyhaveleftnotonestoneonastone,我总是跟在他们后面去修补，Buttheywouldhavetherabbitoutofhiding,但是他们要把兔子从隐处赶出来，,MendingWall,(fromNorthofBoston),-,27,Topleasetheyelpingdogs.ThegapsImean,讨好那群汪汪叫的狗。我说的墙缝Noonehasseenthemmadeorheardthemmade,是怎么生的，谁也没看见，谁也没听见Butatspringmending-timewefindthemthere.但是到了春季补墙时，就看见在那里。Iletmyneighbourknowbeyondthehill;我通知了住在山那边的邻居；Andonadaywemeettowalktheline有一天我们约会好，巡视地界一番，Andsetthewallbetweenusonceagain.在我们两家之间再把墙重新砌起。Wekeepthewallbetweenusaswego.我们走的时候，中间隔着一垛墙。Toeachthebouldersthathavefallentoeach.落在各边的石头，由各自去料理。,-,28,Andsomeareloavesandsomesonearlyballs有些是长块的，有些几乎圆得像球Wehavetouseaspelltomakethembalance:需要一点魔术才能把它们放稳当：Staywhereyouareuntilourbacksareturned!“老实呆在那里，等我们转过身再落下！”Wewearourfingersroughwithhandlingthem.我们搬弄石头把手指都磨粗了。Oh,justanotherkindofout-doorgame,啊！这不过又是一种户外游戏，Oneonaside.Itcomestolittlemore:一个人站在一边。此外没有多少用处：Therewhereitiswedonotneedthewall:在墙那地方，我们根本不需要墙：HeisallpineandIamappleorchard.他那边全是松树，我这边是苹果园。,-,29,Myappletreeswillnevergetacross我的苹果树永远也不会踱过去Andeattheconesunderhispines,Itellhim.吃掉他松树下的松球，我对他说。Heonlysays,Goodfencesmakegoodneighbours.“他只是说：“好篱笆造出好邻家。Springisthemischiefinme,andIwonder春天在我心里作祟，我在悬想IfIcouldputanotioninhishead:能不能把一个念头注入他的脑里：Whydotheymakegoodneighbours?Isntit“为什么好篱笆造出好邻家？是否指着Wheretherearecows?Butheretherearenocows.有牛的人家？可是我们此地又没有牛。BeforeIbuiltawallIdasktoknow我在造墙之前先要弄个清楚，,-,30,WhatIwaswallinginorwallingout,圈进来的是什么，圈出去的是什么，AndtowhomIwasliketogiveoffence.并且我可能开罪的是些什么人家，Somethingthereisthatdoesntloveawall,有一点什么，它不喜欢墙，Thatwantsitdown.IcouldsayElvestohim,它要推倒它。”我可以对他说这是“鬼”。Butitsnotelvesexactly,andIdrather但严格说也不是鬼我想这事还是Hesaiditforhimself.Iseehimthere由他自己决定吧。我看见他在那里Bringingastonegraspedfirmlybythetop搬一块石头，两手紧抓着石头的上端，Ineachhand,likeanold-stonesavagearmed.像一个旧石器时代的武装的野蛮人。,-,31,Hemovesindarknessasitseemstome,我觉得他是在黑暗中摸索，Notofwoodsonlyandtheshadeoftrees.这黑暗不仅是来自深林与树荫。Hewillnotgobehindhisfatherssaying,他不肯探究他父亲传给他的格言Andhelikeshavingthoughtofitsowell他想到这句格言，便如此的喜欢，Hesaysagain,Goodfencesmakegoodneighbors.于是再说一遍，“好篱笆造出好邻家”。,-,32,“MendingWall”isametaphorical（隐喻性的）poemwritteninblankverse,publishedin1914.Itissetinthecountrysideandisaboutonemanquestioningwhyheandhisneighbormustrebuildthestonewalldividingtheirfarmseachspring.Itisperhapsbestknownforitslinespokenbytheneighbor:Goodfencesmakegoodneighbors.ThelineislistedbytheOxfordDictionaryofQuotationsasamid17thcenturyproverb,whichwasgivenaboostintheAmericanconsciousnessduetoitsprominenceinthepoem.,PoemAnalysis,-,33,AfterApple-Picking,Mylongtwo-pointedladdersstickingthroughatree我那长长的双柱梯子穿过一棵树Towardheavenstill,还在指向天堂AndtheresabarrelthatIdidntfill有一只桶就在一旁Besideit,andtheremaybetwoorthree我还没有装满；而在树枝某处，ApplesIdidntpickuponsomebough.也许还有没摘的两三个苹果。ButIamdonewithapple-pickingnow.但摘苹果这活儿算告一段落。Essenceofwintersleepisonthenight,夜晚已经弥漫着冬眠的气息，Thescentofapples:Iamdrowsingoff.苹果的香味：我正在昏昏欲睡。,(fromNorthofBoston),-,34,Icannotrubthestrangenessfrommysight我今天早上从饮水槽里捞起Igotfromlookingthroughapaneofglass一大块的玻璃。透过这块东西Iskimmedthismorningfromthedrinkingtrough我把这草枯霜冻的世界琢磨Andheldagainsttheworldofhoarygrass.我视线里是挥之不去的怪异。Itmelted,andIletitfallandbreak.冰化了，我让它掉下、摔在地上。ButIwaswell但我其实Uponmywaytosleepbeforeitfell,在它掉下之前就已渐有睡意，AndIcouldtellWhatformmydreamingwasabouttotake.我也明知我的梦境会是什么样的形状。,-,35,Magnifiedapplesappearanddisappear,巨大苹果，这边浮现，那边淡出，Stemendandblossomend,有蒂的一端，有花的一端，Andeveryfleckofrussetshowingclear.每个红褐色的斑点都很清楚，Myinsteparchnotonlykeepstheache,我的脚弓不仅还残留着痛伤，Itkeepsthepressureofaladder-round.它也残留着梯子横杠的挤压。Ifeeltheladderswayastheboughsbend.树枝一弯，我能感到梯子一偏。AndIkeephearingfromthecellarbin我还不断听到地窖里有声音Therumblingsound轰轰作响Ofloadonloadofapplescomingin.那是一筐一筐的苹果在送进。,-,36,ForIhavehadtoomuch因为我摘苹果Ofapple-picking:Iamovertired已经摘得太多：我已累得太过OfthegreatharvestImyselfdesired.因自己曾经期望的巨大收获。Thereweretenthousandthousandfruittotouch,有十万万只水果需要我去摸Cherishinhand,liftdown,andnotletfall.手里小心握，扯落，但不能松掉。ForallThatstrucktheearth,只要砸到地皮，Nomatterifnotbruisedorspikedwithstubble,不管是否碰伤，不管是否刺破，,-,37,Wentsurelytothecider-appleheap肯定要归到用来造酒的那堆，Asofnoworth.似乎一钱不值。Onecanseewhatwilltrouble谁都能看出这次睡眠，Thissleepofmine,whateversleepitis.我会有什么麻烦，无论它是哪种睡眠。Werehenotgone,如果他还在，Thewoodchuckcouldsaywhetheritslikehis土拨鼠能说出这会不会有点Longsleep,asIdescribeitscomingon,像他的长眠，如上所述般袭来，Orjustsomehumansleep.抑或只是人的安睡。,-,38,InthepoemAfterApplePicking,RobertFrostusesmanysymbolstoenhancethemeaningofthepoem.TheappleinthepoemcouldbesymbolicofbesaidtobetheforbiddenfruitfromtheGardenofEden.TheGardenofEdenwasbasicallythebeginningofeverythingearthlyandheavenly,thereforerepellingdeath.Frostssymbolicuseoftheapplemakesthisconceptasimportant.Thispoemisaboutlifebutitsfocusesarewhatareinbetween,themissedlifeexperiencesandtheregretthatthespeakerisleftwith.,PoemAnalysis,Thispoemissovividamemoryofexperienceonthefarminwhichtheendoflaborleavesthespeakerwithasenseofcompletionandfulfillmentyetfindshimblockedfromsuccessbywintersapproachandphysicalweariness.,-,39,Hispoemsmostlywroteaboutnature(influencefromWordsworthandEmerson)andNewEnglandlandscape.(2)Heusedsimplelanguage,agracefulstyle,andtraditionalformsofpoetry.(reasonforpopular)(3)Symbolism(Heusedsymbolsfromeverydaylifetoexpressprofoundideas.),LiteraryStyle,Profoundmeaningsarehiddenunderneaththeplainlanguageandsimpleform.,-,40,(4)Frostwroteruralpoetryinthepastoraltraditionasawaytounderstandmodernlife.(Inhispoems,traditionalelementsandmodernelementsmingletogether.)(5)ManypeopletendtothinkofFrostasanoptimistic“countryphilosopher”andhispoemsassimple,ordinarynaturepoems.(6)Frostspoemsshowdeepappreciationofnaturalworldandsensibilityaboutthehumanaspirations.,-,41,RobertFrostisaverytalentedinspiringwriterandhispoetryisenjoyabletoread.Hisuseofrhymeschemekeepsthepoetryupbeatandeasytoread.Itsayshewasnotafanoffreeversepoemsandhekepttotheoriginalwayhewrotehispoetryanddidnotchangetomakeothershappy.HeusedhisownviewsandownstyleofSymbolismandcreativitytomakethepoemsthatarefamoustothisday.Hetravelledin1962intheSovietUnion(苏联)asamemberofagoodwillgroup,Influence,-,42,Frostwashonoredfrequentlyduringhislifetime,becausehewastheonlypoetwhoawardedthePulitzerPrizefourtimes:,1923,NewHampshire(1923)1931,hisCollectedPoems(1930)1937,AFurtherRange(1936)1943,AWitnessTree(1942),-,43,Homeistheplacewhere,whenyouhavetogothere,theyhavetotakeyouin.家就是永远向游子敞开大门的地方。,RobertFrost,OtherInformation,-,44,Notearsinthewriter,notearsinthereader.作家不流泪读者没流泪,RobertFrost,-,45,Poetryiswhatgetslostintranslation.诗意即翻译过程中失去的东西。,RobertFrost,-,46,THEEND,THANKYOU,-,47,Map,-,48,金门大桥,-,49,九曲花街,-,50,-,51,RockportHarbour,-,52,Mas