高级英语课件Inaugural-Address

InauguralAddress,JohnF.Kennedy,Unit4,TeachingObjectives,ToknowthefeaturesofapoliticalspeechToappreciatethelanguagefeaturesofKennedysaddressToacquaintthestudentswithsomefamousEnglishspeechesTotakethisspeechasagoodexampletolearnsometechniquesinwritingaspeech,TeachingFocus,ThedifferencebetweenaspeechandanargumentPoliticalbackgroundBiblicalandancientRomanstylewritingsandallusionsAround-aboutwayinvaguetermstoconveypoliticalviewswhicharenotopenlystated,TeachingMethods,Teacher-orientedteachingmethodStudent-orientedteachingmethodTheelicitedmethod,TeachingProcedure,.IntroductoryRemarks.BackgroundInformation.LearningFocus.KeywordsandExpressions.ExplanationoftheText,.DivisionoftheText.TheWritingStyle.RhetoricalDevices.Exercises,IntroductoryRemarks,.IntroductoryRemarks,J.F.Kennedyaddressesaworldwideaudienceinhisinauguralspeech.Hemakesageneralstatementofbasicpolicygoals.,TheUnitedStatesispreparedtopayanyprice,bearanyburden,andmeetanyhardshiptodefendhumanrights,libertyandindependenceoffreenations.Headdressesdifferentgroupsofalliednationsorwould-beallies,aswellastheUnitedNations.,Heturnstohisenemy,warningthattheU.S.ispreparedtoopposeanyfoeatallcosts,sotheydbetternegotiateandcooperatewithU.S.Heappealstohiscountrymenandcitizensoftheworldforsupportandsacrificeinordertodefendhumanrightsandfreedom.,PresidentKennedysfinestmasterpieceandoneofthebestspeeches.Itisapersuasivespeechwiththeclearpurpose:toexplain,convinceandpersuadethepeoplethatwhatheissayingandwhatheisplanningtodobestrepresenttheirinterestssotheyshouldsupporthim.,DetailedStudyoftheText,.BackgroundInformation,1.BriefIntroductiontoJohnKennedyOnNovember22,1963,whenhewashardlypasthisfirstthousanddaysinoffice,JohnFitzgeraldKennedywaskilledbyanassassinsbulletsashismotorcadewoundthroughDallas,Texas.KennedywastheyoungestmanelectedPresident;hewastheyoungesttodie.,2InaugurationthepeacefultransferofpowerfromoneindividualtoanothergoingbacktoPresidentGeorgeWashingtontheinductionofthenewpresidentwasscheduledonMarch4,everyfourthyearsince1793,ithastakenplaceonJanuary20since1937theinauguralballin1809fourorfiveballroomsinWashington,3.SolemnOath“IdosolemnlyswearthatIwillfaithfullyexecutetheOfficeofPresidentoftheUnitedStates,andwill,tothebestofmyability,preserve,protectanddefendtheConstitutionoftheUnitedStates.”,.LearningFocus,TounderstandthepoliticalbackgroundToappreciatethebiblicalandancientRomanstylewritingsandallusionsTounderstandaround-aboutwayinvaguetermstoconveypoliticalviewswhicharenotopenlystated,.KeywordsandExpressions,1.inaugural:a.ofaninaugurationinauguration(n.),inaugurate(v.)theprofessorsinaugurallecture2.symbolize:v.tobeasymbolof;standfor-InEurope,thecolorwhitesymbolizespurity.,3.signify:v.tobeasignorindicationof;mean-Recentchangesinclimatemaysignifythatglobalwarmingisstartingtohaveaneffect.4.almighty:a.havingunlimitedpower;all-powerful-AlmightyGod/Father,5.prescribe:v.tosetdownasaruleordirection;order-whatpunishmentdoesthelawprescribeforcorruption?6.abolish:v.todoawaywithcompletely;putanendto;-Thelegislaturepassedalawtoabolishthesurtax.,7.temper:v.tostrengthenthroughexperienceorhardship;toughen-Thosesoldiershadbeentemperedbycombat.8.discipline:v.tosubjecttodiscipline;train;control-Studentsmustlearntodisciplinethemselves.,9.oppose:v.toresist;withstand;-Manymembersofthecouncilopposedthebuildingoftheluxuryhousesinthecenterofthecity.10.assure:v.tomake(difficultthing)certain;guarantee-Icanassureyouofthereliabilityofthenews.,11.venture:n.abusinessprojectoractivity,especiallyonethatinvolvestakingrisks-ajointventure12.iron:a.cruel,merciless-irondiscipline,13.renew:v.togooveragain;sayagain;repeat-Irenewedmyspiritsinthecountry.14.forum:n.assemblyforthediscussionofpublicmattersorcurrentquestions-Theletterpageofthisnewspaperisaforumforpublicargument.,15.shield:n.anypersonorthingthatguards,protectordefends16.unleash:v.toreleaseorletgofromorasfromaleashleash:n.(leadesp.AmE)-Alldogsmustbekeptonaleashinpublicplaces.leash:v.tocontrolananimal,esp.adog,withleadorleash,17.stay:v.restrain-Thegovernmenttriestostaytheprogressofthedisease.18.invoke:v.toasksolemnlyfor;begfor;implore-Iinvokedtheirforgiveness.,19.eradicate:v.togetridof;wipeout;destroy-Theirgoalwastoeradicatethepovertyinthecountryside.20.testimony:n.formofevidence,indication;proof-Theseresultsareatestimonytoyourhardwork.,21.shrink:v.toavoidorwishtoavoidtakingaction;bereluctant;withdraw-Ashymanshrinksfrommeetingstrangers.22.atissue:indispute;tobedecided;indisagreement-Whatisatissueistheextenttowhichexamresultsreflectastudentsability.,23.atodds:indisagreement;quarrelling;antagonistic-Hewasatoddswithhiscolleagues.24.castoff:todiscard;abandon-Thetownisstilltryingtocastoffitsdullimage.,.ExplanationoftheText,Para.1:Kennedyemphasizestheimportanceofhiselectionaspresident.ItisnotsimplyavictoryoftheDemocraticPartyovertheRepublicanParty.Itcelebratesthefreedomofpeopletoelectfreelytheirownheadofthestate.Itsymbolizestheendofonepresidentialtermandthebeginningofnewone.Thepresidencyiscontinued,butthepresidenthaschanged.,Para.2:Notonlytheadministrationhasbeenchanged,buttheworldhaschangedalot.Para.3:Kennedyexhortshiscountrymenandforcefullydeclareshisdeterminationto“payanyprice”todefendhumanrightandlibertyathomeandaroundtheworld.,Para.4:Liketheprecedingone,Kennedyaddressestofriendandfoeatthesametime.Itpromisetosupportanyfriendandopposeanyfoe.Para.5:transitionfromthegeneralcountriestospecificones.,Para.6:Itreferstothoseoldallieswiththesameculturalandspiritualorigins,esp.Englishspeakingcountries,suchasCanada,Britain,Australia,NewZealandetc.,Paras.72)throughhisowncredibility;3)throughappealstothepeoplesbasicsocial,biological,andpsychologicalneeds,wants,anddesires,2.Thedeliberateuseofapseudo-RomanstyleandBiblicallanguagea.“andyetthesamerevolutionaryfromthehandofGod.”(para.2)b.“Lettheworldgoforthfromthistimeandplace(para.3),c.“tostrengthenitsshieldofthenew,whichitswritmayrun.”(para.10)d.“Andso,myfellowAmericansyourcountry.”(para.25),.DivisionoftheText,Part1Paras.1-5:ageneralstatementofbasicpolicygoals.Part2Paras.6-9:Kennedyaddressesdifferentgroupsofalliednationsorwould-beallies.,Part3Paras.11-19:Kennedyspeakstohisenemy.Part4Paras.21-27:Kennedyappealstohiscountrymenforsupportandsacrifice.,SummaryoftheText,.TheWritingStyle,WellorganizedandhighlyrhetoricalVariousfiguresofspeechTheappropriateuseofwords,parallelandbalancedstructures,Repetitionofimportantwordsandphrases,andantithesisDeliberateuseofapseudo-RomanstyleorBiblicallanguageinsomeplaces,SummaryoftheText,-oneofthebestinauguraladdresses-itsobject:toexplain,convinceandpersuadepeoplethatwhatheissayingandplanningtodobestrepresentstheirinterestssotheyshouldsupporthim,-addressingaworldwideaudienceandappealingnotonlytotheAmericanpeoplebutalsotothedifferentgroupsofnationsintheinternationalcommunity,-consistingofthreeparts:introduction,bodyandconclusion-extremelywellorganized,highlyrhetoricalandfulloflogicalreasoningandemotionalappeal,-variousfiguresofspeech-theappropriateuseofwords,-somestructuralrhetoricaldevices:parallelandbalancedstructures,repetitionofimportantwordsandphrases-antithesis-forthesakeofforce,vividnessandemotionalappeal,FeaturesoftheSpeech,-Mostlypersuasionwithverylittleexplanation-Torelychieflyonasuccessfulappealtoemotions-Notimetocitefactsandreasonswhichcouldconvince-Firsttounderstandthepsychologyoftheaudiencetowhomheisdirectinghiswords,-Toemploysuitablerhetoricaldevicesandwordstocreatethedesiredemotionalimpact-Successfulwhentheaudienceisexcitedanddoesnothavemuchtimetothinkorwhentheaudienceisreadysusceptibletothemessageofthespeaker-Politicaldemagogyreliesonemotionalappealforitssuccess,.RhetoricalDevices,alliteration:friendandfoe(para.3)payanyprice,bearanyburden,metaphor:torch-inspirationandidealsridingthebackoftiger-seekingtheaidofthesocialistcountriesthemasterofitsownhouse-Americathatfirecantrulylighttheworld-theenergy,faith,devotionofAmericanpeople,parallel:verbphrase-payanyprice,meetanyhardship,supportanyfriend,andopposeanyfoe.(para.4)Paras.6,7,8,10,11beginwiththesametypeofphrases:TothoseoldalliesParas.15,16,17,18beginwiththesametypeofphrases:Letbothsides,repetition:“allforces”and“belief”(para2)“committed”(para.3)“good”and“free”(para9)“beyonddoubt”(para12),antithesis:Afigureofspeechwhichassumesabalancedstructureandemphasizesacontrastinmeaningbyplacingantonymsinparallelposition,generallytoproduceasoundrhythm,andexpressesgreatwisdomthroughbrevity.,antithesis:“United,thereislittle,Divided,thereislittle.”(para.6)“Ifafreesocietycannotwhoarerich”(para.8)“Letbothsidesexploredivideus.”(para.15)“asknotwhatyourcountrycandoforyouforyourcountry”(para.25)“notasacalltobattle,.”(para.22),synecdoche:“thatstaythehandofmankindsfinalwar.”(para.13)rhetoricalquestion:“Canweforgeagainstforallmankind?”(para.23),Exercises,.Exercises,OralPresentationMakeafive-minutepresentationinclassbasedonyourresearch.Suggestedtopics:1.ThepositionofJohnF.KennedyinAmericanhistory2.TheColdWar,Discriminatebetweenthesesynonyms.1.mortal,fatal,deadly,lethal2.faithful,loyal,constant,staunch,resolute,1.mortal,fatal,deadly,lethalFatalifusedtodescribeanythingthatiscapableofcausingorthatactuallyhascauseddeath;itcarriesastrongsuggestionoftheinevitabilityoffateAnillnesswhichmightnotbeseriousforayoungperson,butwhichwillalmostcertainlyprovefataltoanoldperson.,Deadlyisinterchangeablewithfatalinthissense.LeukemiaisadeadlydiseaseDeadly,however,inawaythatfatalcannot,canrefertoapersonwhodesiresorseekstocausethedeathofanotherperson.Themurderedmanhadmanydeadlyenemies.,Mortal,likedeadly,canbeappliedbothtothingsorpeoplethatcause,arecapableofcausing,orseektocausesomeonesdeath.(Becauseofanancientfamilyfeud,thetwocousinshadbeenmortalenemiesfrombirth).,Initsreferencetothings,mortaldiffersfromfatalanddeadlyonlyinthefactthatitisusuallyfoundincontextswhichdetailadeaththathasalreadyoccurred.Hewasstruckdownbyamortalblowuponthehead.,Lethalreferstosomethingwhich,becauseofsomeintrinsicqualityinitsmake-up,iscertaintocausedeath,andmayindeedexistfortheexpresspurposesofcausingdeath.Cyanideisalethalpoison.,Withtheexceptionoflethal,allthesewordscanbeusedtodescribesomethingthatcausesgreatfearordiscomfort,orthatbringsaboutdisasterorruin,butthatdosenotleadtophysicaldeath.afatalmistake;adeadlyinsult;inmortalterror.,2.faithful,loyal,constant,staunch,resoluteFaithfulimpliescontinued,steadfastadherencetoapersonorthingtowhichoneisboundbyanoath,duty,obligation,etc.afaithfulwifeorhusband,loyalimpliesundeviatingallegiancetoaperson,cause,institution,etc.whichonefeelsmorallyboundtosupportordefendaloyalfriendconstantsuggestsfreedomfromficklenessinaffectionsorloyaltiesaconstantlover,staunch(orstanch)impliessuchstrongallegiancetoonesprinciplesorpurposeasnottoturnedasidebyanycauseastaunchdefenderofthetruth,resolutestressesunwaveringdetermina