中考英语201X被动语态的用法及练习共22张1ppt课件

.,被动语态,.,一、被动语态的概念：当谓语表示一个动作时，主语和它可以有两种不同的关系，主动关系和被动关系：表示主动关系时，主语是动作的执行者，称为主动语态Tomopenedthedoor.表示被动关系时，主语是动作的承受者，谓语要用另一种形式，称为被动语态ThedoorwasopenedbyTom.在被动结构中，动作执行者可以由介词by引起的短语表示,.,二、形式被动语态由助动词be加过去分词构成，时态通过be表现出来：（完成进行时和将来进行时无被动语态）1一般现在时：Historyismadebypeople.2一般过去时：Whenwasthebuildingcompleted?3一般将来时：Wewontbeinvited.4现在/过去进行时：Anewrailwayisbeingbuilt.Theroadswerebeingwidened.5现在/过去完成时：Thebookhasbeentranslated.Costshadbeengreatlyreduced.,.,表格：被动态基本结构,am/is/aredone,was/weredone,am/is/arebeingdone,was/werebeingdone,shall/willbedone,wouldbedone,have/hasbeendone,hadbeendone,.,以write为例,在16种时态中形式,.,以write为例，在时态中被动语态的形式,.,1常用时态（9种）的被动语态结构：以do为例1)一般现在时amisare+doneInsomepartsoftheworld,tea_withmilkandsugar.A.isservingB.isservedC.servesD.servedIneedonemorestampbeforemycollection_.A.hacompletedB.completesC.hasbeencompletedD.iscompletedThenumberofdeathsfromheartdiseasewillbereducedgreatlyifpeople_toeatmorefruitandvegetables.A.persuadeB.willpersuadeC.bepersuadedD.arepersuaded,.,2)一般过去时waswere+doneI_tenminutestodecidewhetherIshouldrejecttheoffer.A.gaveB.wasgivenC.wasgivingD.hadgivenThisisTedsphoto.Wemisshimalot.He_tryingtosaveachildintheearthquake.A.killedB.iskilledC.waskilledD.waskilling,.,3)现在进行时amisare+beingdone-Haveyoumovedintothenewhouse?-Notyet,therooms_.A.arebeingpaintedB.arepainingC.arepaintedD.arebeingpaintingAnewcinema_here.Theyhopetofinishitnextmonth.A.willbebuiltB.isbuiltC.hasbeenbuiltD.isbeingbuiltRainforests_andburnedatsuchaspeedthattheywilldisappearfromtheearthinthenearfuture.A.cutB.arecutC.arebeingcutD.hadbeencut,.,4)过去进行时waswere+beingdoneThatroadwasbeingwidenedthistimelastyear.5)一般将来时willbe+doneHundredsofjobs_ifthefactorycloses.A.loseB.willbelostC.lostD.willloseYourjobopenforyourreturn.Thanks.A.willbekeptB.willkeepC.hadkeptD.hadbeenkept,.,6)过去将来时wouldbe+doneMarytoldusthatashortplaywouldbeputonattheparty.Inaroomabovethestore,whereaparty_,someworkerswerebusilysettingthetable.A.wastobeheldB.hasbeenheldC.willbeheldD.isbeingheld7)现在完成时have/hasbeen+doneAllthepreparationsforthetask_,andwearereadytostart.A.completedB.completeC.hadbeencompletedD.havebeencompleted,.,8)过去完成时hadbeen+doneThenewsuspensionbridge_bytheendoflastmonth.A.hasbeendesignedBhadbeendesignedC.wasdesignedD.wouldbedesignedBytheendoflastyear,anothernewgymnasium_inBeijing.A.wouldbecompletedB.wasbeingcompletedC.hasbeencompletedD.hadbeencompleted,.,9)将来完成时ThemayorofBeijingsaysthatallconstructionworkfortheBeijingOlympics_by2006.AhasbeencompletedB.hascompletedC.willhavebeencompletedD.willhavecompleted,.,含有情态动词的谓语变为被动语态时，其结构为“情态动词+be+vt.pp.Youcanttakethemagazineoutofthereadingroom.Themagazinecantbetakenoutofthereading-room.Theseexercisemustbedoneinclass.Morericecanbeproducednextyear.,.,6.被动语态与系表结构的区别“be+过去分词”这个结构并不一定都是被动语态，有些动词be,feel,seem,look等后的过去分词已转化为形容词，作表语，表示状态。Theglassisbroken.(系表结构)Theglasswasbrokenbytheboy(被动语态)Thedoorislocked.(系表结构)、Thedoorhasjust/beenlocked(被动语态),.,系表结构与被动语态的主要差别是：被动语态表示一个动作，它可以有介词by引起的短语，而系表结构表示主语的特点或所处的状态，虽形式与被动语态相似，实质不同:1)Thepicturewaswelldrawn.Thepicturewasdrawnbymysister.2).Thelibraryisnowclosed.Itisusuallyclosedat6.3).Thebridgeiscompleted.Thebridgewascompletedin1968.,.,三、被动语态的使用情况1，不知道或没有必要说出动作的执行者Suchbooksarewrittenforchildren.2，动作的承受者是谈话的中心Thesongwaswrittenbyastudent.3，出于礼貌措辞圆通等不愿说出动作执行者Youarerequiredtosingasong.,.,4.需要突出或强调动作的承受者时（动作的承受者是谈话的中心，这时常带有by引起的短语）Foodisneededbyeverylivingthing.Thisschoolisrunbythetradeunion.5.有时被动结构能使句子得到更好的安排Theyaregoingtobuildalibrarybuildingherenextyear.Itisgoingtobebuiltrightbesidetheofficebuilding.(若两句都用they作主语，则显得呆板),.,6.当动作的执行者不是人的时候Wewereallshockedbythenewsofhissuddendeath.Thehousewaswashedawaybythestorm7.为了委婉、礼貌而避免提及自己或对方时EnoughhasbeensaidhereofthisquestionYouarewishedtodoitmorecarefully.,.,主动形式表示被动意义1)wash,clean,cook,iron,look,cut,sell,read,wear,feel,draw,write,sell,driveThebooksellswell.这本书销路好。Thisknifecutseasily.这刀子很好用。2)blame,remain,keep,rent,buildIwastoblamefortheaccident.Muchworkremains.,.,3)在need,require,want,worth(形容词),deserve后的动名词必须用主动形式。Thedoorneedsrepairing.=Thedoorneedstoberepaired.Thisroomneedscleaning.这房间应该打扫一下。Thisbookisworthreading.这本书值得一读。4)特殊结构：makesb.heard/understood(使别人能听见/理解自己)，havesth.done(要某人做某事)。,.,被动形式表示主动意义bedete