高考短文改错及常见错误类型

高考短文改错及常见错误类型,杨初升,题型的考查特征,高考短文改错是知识和能力的综合测试题型。主要考查考生在语篇中综合运用英语知识的准确性及词、句、篇和语法的综合水平。高考短文改错题设置的考点灵活多变，知识层次多，覆盖面广，包括词法、句法、行文逻辑以及语篇结构等，是一种在较高层次上考查考生对英语知识的掌握和语言综合运用能力的测试题型。,通过检测考生发现、判断、纠正文章错误的能力，进而考查学生的词法、句法及行文逻辑等方面的水平，考查学生在语篇中综合运用英语的能力，考生英语水平的高低完全可以从这一题型体现出来，然而很多考生对该题感到束手无策。问题的关键在于找不到错误、不会找错误。那么怎样找错误、发现错误就成了解题的必要所在。,选材命题特征,短文改错的文体多为第一/三人称记叙文、应用文(以书信为主)。一般在110词左右。所选取的语言材料贴近实际生活，多为考生所熟知，且话题贴近学生，有的带点幽默，有的包含教育意义。文字浅显易懂，材料中没有生僻、超纲的词汇；句子结构简单，基本上是简单句和并不复杂的复合句；语言地道，符合英语语言习惯。,解题步骤：,通读全文，掌握大意；整句分析，逐行推敲，上下文联系，先易后难；答题规范（三种格式）,常见错误类型,（1）谓语动词（2）非谓语动词（3）名词（4）定冠词和不定冠词（5）代词（6）形容词和副词（7）数词（8）介词（9）连词.,(一)常见动词错误类型,1.一般现在时与一般过去时错用;Eg:Theydidnotwantmetodoanyworkathome;theywantmetodevoteallmytimetomystudies.,do,2.and前后动词时态不一致Eg:Asweclimbedthemountain,wefedmonkeys,visitingtemplesandtoldstories.,visited,3.主谓不一致Eg:Oneeveningshetoldmethatsomethinghappenedwhenherparentswasout.,were,4.缺少动词,特别是be动词;Eg:Therewillanimportantgamenextmonth.be,5.第三人称单数形式错用Eg:Heoftengotoschoolatseven.goes,6.主动语态和被动语态错用Eg:Illshowyouaroundmanyplacesofinterest,introducedalargenumberofoldbuildingstoyou.,introducing,(二)非谓语动词的常见错误,and连接的不定式或动名词前后不一致(尤其距离较远时);Eg：Iparticularlyenjoyeddrivingthroughthecountrysidewithyouandsawtheseeingchangingcolorsoftheleavesonthetrees.,2.介词后用动名词形式作宾语;Eg：Childrenmaynotdevelopthehabitofreadandtheabilitytoenjoythemselves.,reading,3.不定式、动名词作主语、宾语时Eg：Buthisparentsthinkgotocollegeismoreimportantthanplayingsports.,going,going,4.某些动词后要求接动名词或不定式。Eg:SoonIbegantoenjoytalktomyselfonpaper.,talking,(三)名词的常见错误,1.单复数名词错用Eg：Iwillgetgoodmarksinallmysubject.,subjects,2.可数名词与不可数名词错用Eg：Theirwordwereagreatencouragementtome.Withoutenoughknowledges,youcanneverteachwell.,words,knowledge,（四）冠词错误,1.误用a和an(根据单词的第一个音素来判定)Eg：Iusuallyspendhalfahouronmymorningexercises.,an,2.误用a/an和the（固定搭配，或泛指、特指）Eg：Wemaybeonefamilyandliveunderasameroof.,the,3.多冠词或少冠词Eg：Aseveryoneknows,itsfamousmountain.aIhopeyouhavepleasantjourney.a,（五）代词常见错误,1.代词的主格和宾格(I/me;he/him;she/her;we/usthey/them)错误;Eg:ThatllbeawonderfulchanceforshetoexperienceEnglishculture.,her,2.代词的单数和复数使用错误Eg:Twenty-sixpercentofthestudentssaythatEnglishstoriesarehisfavorite.,their,3.反身代词(myself/yourself/himself/herself/themselves/ourselves)使用错误;Eg:HowaboutwritingtoTombyhimself?,yourself,4.代词指代错误Eg:Therewasabeautefulparkwithmanytreesaroundthem.,it,5.多代词或少代词Eg:Althoughhesuffersagreatdeal,heneverloseshisheart.,(六)形容词和副词错误,1.系动词后用形容词(be/am/is/are/was/were/become/go/感官性动词smell/feel);Eg：Mypronunciationwasterribly.,terrible,2.词性的误用(形容词修饰名词;副词修饰动词、形容词或副词)Eg：Imsurewellhaveawonderfullytimetogether.,wonderful,(七)数词常见错误,。基、序数词互换Intheearlynineteencentury,Chinawasweak,andHongKongwassogoodaplacethatmanyforeigncountrieswantedtohaveit.,nineteenth,（八）介词错误,1.词组中的介词误用;介词意思理解偏差Eg：Therearetoomanypeopleamongmyfamily.,in,in,2.介词的多用或少用Eg：IwassotiredthatIfellasleepatthemomentmyheadtouchedthepillow.,（九）连词错误,连词包括关系代词、副词，并列连词and/or/but等。关于连词，一般考查从句关系who/whom/whose/what/which/how/why/when/where/if/whether等。,Eg：IhaveagoodfriendwhosnameisLiuMei.Iteachthem,playwiththem,butwatchthemgrowingup.Cleverassheis,butsheworksveryhard.,whose,and,课堂小任务,请你修改作文，文中共有十处语言错误，每句中最多有2处，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处增加一个漏字符号（），并其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。修改：在错的词下面画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。,HongKongliesinsoutheastofChina.Itcoversaareaofonethousandandninety-twosquarekilometer.Ithasapopulationofoversixmillions.HongKongbelongtoChinaallthetimeinhistory.Intheearlynineteencentury,Chinawasweak,andHongKongwassogoodplacethatmanyforeigncountrieswanttohaveit.IntheendtheBritishimperialiststookHongKongwithforce,soruleditforoneandahalfcenturies.,HongKongliesinsoutheastofChina.Itcoversaareaofonethousandandninety-twosquarekilometer.,the,an,kilometers,Ithasapopulationofoversixmillions.HongKongbelongtoChinaallthetimeinhistory.,million,belongs,Intheearlynineteencentury,Chinawasweak,andHongKongwassogoodplacethatmanyforeigncountrieswanttohaveit.,nineteenth,a,wanted,IntheendtheBritishimperialiststookHongKongwithforce,soruleditforoneandahalfcenturies.,by,and,总结（summary）,1.句中各部分的结构是否完整，特别是每个句子要有动词，如谓语动词的时态、语态；还有非谓语动词的用法等。2.名词的单、复数，格的使用是否正确3.