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.英语国际音标48个元音(20个)长元音/:/:/:/i:/u:/ class door her tea lose短元音/ love lock teacher it book /e/ / /e/a/ leg bag late likeboy双元音/e/ /a/ here bear hourNo house半元音/j/w/ Yes wide边音(舌侧音)/ table辅音(28个)轻辅音/p/t/k/f/s/ park it look wife think small浊辅音/b/d/g/v/z/ bike dive glass live mother whose轻辅音/h/ts/t/tr/ ship hard chair tree浊辅音/r/dz/d/dr/ pleasure red age dress鼻音/m/n/ moon thank发音方法:长元音 口腔打开 嘴张大 舌身放平 舌尖不抵下齿 下巴放低 轻松发音:长元音 双唇收得小而圆 并向前突出 舌身往后缩 :长元音 嘴形扁平 上下齿微开 舌身放平 舌中部稍抬起 i: 长元音 嘴角微微张开 舌尖抵下齿 嘴角向两边张开 流露出微笑的表情 与之母E的发音相同 u:长元音 嘴形小而圆 微微外突 舌头尽量后缩短元音 嘴唇微微张开 伸向两边 舌尖轻触下齿 舌后部稍稍抬起 短元音 口腔打开 嘴张大 舌头向后缩 双唇稍收圆 短元音 嘴唇微微张开 舌身放平 舌中部稍微抬起 口腔自然放松发声短元音 口腔打开 嘴张大 舌头向后缩 双唇稍收圆 i 嘴唇微微张开 舌尖抵下齿 舌的前部抬高 嘴型扁平u短元音 嘴巴张开略向前突出 嘴形稍微收圆并放松些e 短元音 嘴型扁平 舌尖抵下齿 舌前部稍抬起 短元音 嘴张大 舌尖抵下齿 嘴角尽量拉向两边 成扁平形ei由e和i两个单音组成 e重读 i轻读 口形由半开到合 与字母A发音相同由和i两个单音组成 前重后轻 口形由开到合 与字母I的发音相同i由和i两个单音组成 前重后轻 双唇从圆到扁 口形从开到合由i和两个单音组成 i重读 轻读 双唇始终半开 由和两个单音组成 前重后轻 舌尖抵住下齿 双唇半开 有些类似于u由u和两个单音组成 u重读 轻读 嘴唇由收圆到半开由和u两个单音组成 的发音也是一个过程 口形由半开到小 与字母O的发音相同由a重读u轻读 口形由大到小p 双唇紧闭 然后快速张开让气流冲出口腔 发出爆破音 但声带不振动b 和p的发音相似 双唇紧闭 然后快速张开让气流冲出口腔 发出爆破音 但声带振动t舌尖抵上齿龈 憋住气 然后弹开舌尖 让气流从口腔中喷出 但声带不振动d和t的发音相似 舌尖抵上齿龈 憋住气 然后弹开舌尖 让气流从口腔中喷出 但声带需要振动 k 舌后部抵住软腭 憋住气 然后突然离开 将气送出来 像咳嗽一样 但声带不振动g 舌后部抵住软腭 憋住气 然后突然离开 将气送出来 但声带需振动f 上齿轻轻接触下唇 然后吹气 使气流从唇间通过 形成摩擦 但声带不振动v 上齿轻轻接触下唇 然后吹气 使气流从唇间通过 形成摩擦 但声带需要振动s双唇微微张开 舌端靠近齿龈 舌头是自然放松 气流从齿间送出 但声带不动z口形与s相似 双唇微微张开 舌端靠近齿龈 舌头自然放松 气流从齿间送出 但声带需振动舌尖微微伸出 上下齿轻轻咬住舌尖 送气 但声带不振动口形与相似 舌尖微微伸出 上下齿轻轻咬住舌尖 送气 但声带需振动h嘴唇自然的张开 自然呵气 声带是不振动l舌尖抵住上齿龈 舌尖轻微用力弯曲 气流从舌的旁边送出 声带振动r舌尖向上卷起 舌头不要接触任何部位 双唇稍微突出 声带振动 m双唇紧闭 舌头平放 气流从鼻腔送出 声带振动n双唇微开 舌尖抵上齿龈 气流从鼻孔里出来 声带振动双唇张开 舌尖抵下齿龈 舌后部自然往上顶起 气流从鼻腔送出 声带振动双唇收圆并稍微突出 舌尖稍微上卷 舌尖接近上齿龈 送气 声带不振动口形与相似 双唇收圆并稍微突出 舌尖稍微上卷 舌尖接近上齿龈 送气 声带振动双唇略微张开突出 舌尖抵住上齿龈 用力吐气 声带不振动和发音相似 双唇略微张开突出 舌尖抵住上齿龈 用力吐气 但声带振动ts舌尖抵住上齿 堵住气流 使气流从舌尖和齿龈间送出 声带不振动dz和ts发音相似 舌尖抵住上齿 堵住气流 使气流从舌尖和齿龈间送出 但声带需振动tr双唇收圆向前突出 舌尖上翘抵住上齿龈 采取r的姿势 声带不振动dr和tr发音相似 双唇收圆向前突出 舌尖上翘抵住上齿龈 采取r的姿势 声带需振动j 嘴形成微笑状 舌尖抵住下齿 舌面贴住上颚 声带振动w双唇缩小并向前突出 舌后部抬起 嘴慢慢的向两旁滑开 声带振动音标练习判断发音一、选出划线部分与其他三项发音不同的一项( C )1.A.cake B.take C.nap D.wave( A )2.A.bread B.eat C.tea D.seat( D )3.A.never B.leg C.red D.he( B )4.A.good B.too C.book D.neighborhood( B )5.A.father B.crab C.shark D.car( A )6.A.soda B.hot C.box D.not( D )7.A.bike B.five C.my D.his( B )8.A.order B.doctor C.boring D.corner( A )9.A.what B.water C.walk D.talk( C )10.A.go B.no C.to D.nose( D )11.A.day B.play C.they D.Sunday( C )12.A.lot B.not C.to D.follow( A )13.A.each B.idea C.theatre D.dear( B )14.A.flower B.follow C.how D.brown( C )15.A.slide B.hi C.toilet D.bike( A )16.A.you B.house C.blouse D.trousers( D )17.A.study B.puzzle C.bus D.busy( D )18.A.find B.dining-room C.behind D.pumpkin( B )19.A.kitchen B.sandwich C.China D.peach( B )20.A.street B.coffee C.meet D.see( A )21.A.toilet B.apple C.bottle D.table( C )22.A.back B.lamp C.parent D.have( D )23.A.pig B.together C.garden D.swing( B )24.A.music B.telescope C.newspaper D.maths( A )25.A.sofa B.off C.pot D.lot( B )26.A.room B.foot C.too D.food( C )27.A.teacher B.driver C.term D.waiter( B )28.A.behind B.bedroom C.jacket D.eleven( C )29.A.family B.camping C.dance D.blanket( B )30.A.over B.other C.clothes D.home( D )31.A.morning B.horse C.door D.tomorrow( D )32.A.diamond B.around C.elephant D.change( C )33.A.house B.blouse C.laugh D.mouth( B )34.A.building B.child C.children D.buscuit( A )35.A.tennis B.find C.white D.kite( B )36.A.street B.theatre C.triangle D.tree( C )37.A.wash B.want C.parent D.what( C )38.A.large B.laugh C.sofa D.vase ( A )39.A.name B.lamp C.camping D.am( A )40.A.food B.cook C.foot D.look( B )41.A.cry B.circle C.class D.picture( D )42.A.thing B.theatre C.bathroom D.there( D )43.A.wash B.sure C.shape D.square( A )44.A.on B.diamond C.crayon D.oclock( B )45.A.near B.heart C.tear D.hear( C )46.A.tea B.meat C.weather D.beach( B )47.A.back B.fast C.have D.map( A )48.A.warm B.garden C.market D.party( D )49.A.school B.tooth C.choose D.good( B )50.A.book B.too C.lookD.cook( C )51.A.June B.ruler C.put D.menu( A )52.A.push B.fun C.sun D.cut( B )53.A.tiger B.her C.officer D.over( D )54.A.go B.no C.cold D.hot( C )55.A.like B.lion C.pizza D.Friday( C )56.A.teacher B.seat C.weather D.please( B )57.A.yellow B.brown C.window D.know( C )58.A.cake B.face C.apple D.late( A )59.A.me B.leg C.bed D.set( B )60.A.hut B.ruler C.duck D.cup( C )61.A.clock B.hot C.go D.sock( D )62.A.head B.dead C.deaf D.sea二、判断发音是否相同,打或1. wait play ( ) 2. cake apple ( ) 3. Trainbag ( ) 4. make name ( ) 5. like little ( ) 6. wife sit ( ) 7. try fly ( ) 8. pain wait ( ) 9. boy my ( ) 10. toy joy ( ) 11. go no ( ) 12. so do ( )13. know now ( ) 14. rose not ( ) 15. how house ( ) 16. how flower ( ) 17. dear bear ( ) 18. pear near ( )19. deer cheer ( ) 20. pair chair ( ) 21. great meat ( ) 22. pig big ( )23. her dirty ( ) 24. her teacher ( ) 25. five nice ( ) 26. bed we ( ) 27. stop hot ( ) 28. week eat ( ) 29. dish hi ( ) 30. use under ( )31.like pizza ( ) 32. cat father ( )33. egg he ( ) 34. ask park ( ) 35. sun hungry ( ) 36. cut put ( )37.come from ( ) 38. under uncle ( ) 39. sing evening ( ) 40. bed head ( ) 41. bird girl ( ) 42. learn shirt ( ) 43. juice who ( ) 44.food foot ( ) 45. learn near ( ) 46. drop hot ( ) 47. short shirt ( )教学内容 语音与填空(一)语音部分:分析:需要掌握的基本拼读规则1. 元音字母a,e,i(y),o,u在重读开音节和重读闭音节中的读音。2. 辅音字母在单词中的基本读音。3. r音节在重读音节中的读音。4. 常见的元音字母组合在重读音节中的读音。5. 常见的元音字母和辅音字母组合在重读音节中的读音。(二)填空部分:分析:1. 名词:可数名词单、复数及所有格形式和不可数名词。2. 代词:人称单词的主、宾格形式和物主代词的形容词性名词性、特殊疑问词。3. 动词:原形、现在分词、第三人称单数和不定式结构。一. 找出划线部分发音不同的单词( )1. A. nameB. gameC. orangeD. age( )2. A. fromB. comeC. loveD. worry( )3. A. SundayB. dayC. FridayD. Monday( )4. A. whoseB. whatC. whenD. which( )5. A. chairB. ChinaC. peachD. school( )6. A. catchB. cupC. carryD. pencil( )7. A. himB. withC. knifeD. think( )8. A. gradeB. atC. andD. has( )9. A. thingB. EnglishC. thankD. orange( )10. A. eatB. meatC. teaD. sweater( )11. A. whatB. wantC. waterD. watch( )12. A. foodB. goodbyeC. lookD. bedroom( )13. A. sevenB. veryC. nextD. me( )14. A. run B. usC. jumpD. full( )15. A. doB. clothesC. homeworkD. close( )16. A. countB. youngC. aboutD. trousers( )17. A. earlyB. dictionaryC. flyD. certainly( )18. A. maths B. backC. SaturdayD. after( )19. A. restB. helpC. eveningD. then( )20. A. thingsB. thanksC. girlsD. apples( )21. A. readB. meatC. breakD. clean( )22. A. menB. women C. mendD. pen( )23. A. thinkB. singC. differenceD. bring( )24. A. thinkB. fatherC. motherD. their( )25. A. rowB. brownC. downD. how( )26. A. workerB. motherC. fatherD. hers( )27. A. workerB. morningC. forD. forty( )28. A. machine B. watchC. teachD. much( )29. A. noB. clockC. notD. stop( )30. A. manyB. byeC. whyD. fly二. 找出与所给单词音标相同的单词( )1. eA. languageB. manyC. machineD. basket( )2. auA. knowB. countryC. AustraliaD. count( )3. uA. cookB. foodC. broomD. shoe( )4. i A. wearB. earlyC. carefulD. dear( )5. nA. uncleB. hungryC. monkeyD. month( )6. eiA. catchB. matchC. aboutD. face( )7. A. brotherB. woman C. lotD. to( )8. i :A. easyB. greatC. headD. idea( )9. sA. clockB. cinemaC. craneD. close( )10. T A. mouthB. thirstyC. withD. health三. 用数字表示有几种发音( )1. playsaynameSunday( )2. pleasemanydeskhead( )3. mylikebikethis( )4. todayclockhomerow( )5. pupilcupnumberTuesday四. 根据音标、句意写单词1. Which is your feiv rit doll ?2. There is a picture on the wall bitwi:n the two windows .3. Can you spi:k Japanese ?4. How many pi:pl are there in your family ?5. There are many nim l z in the park .五. 写划线部分音标train holiday year story kilo begin vegetable because great every Thursday Saturday drink something fruit volleyball hair minute 六. 填空1. I have two .(watch)2. Tell your name .(they)3. This is a bird . name is Polly .(it)4. Please put coats on the desk .(they)5. Are there any in the picture ?(woman teacher)6. Listen ! The girl in the classroom .(sing)7. He often football on Friday afternoon .(play)8. There some bread in the bag .(be)9. What about TV ?(watch)10. Let me you find it .(help)11. She is a writer . She often books .(write)12. speak English and French .(Canada)13. Tom likes in summer .(swim)14. Look ! What his friends ?(do)15. My house is far from the school . What about ?(you)16. Jim and Mike are football .(play)17. We have some new (woman)coats in the shop today .18. The boy in Row 3 is writing .(careful)19. Mrs Green looks (worry), because her daughter is ill .20. They are very (friend)to us .21. The English-Chinese dictionary is very (help)to you .22. (walk)is good for you health .23. daughter is she ?(who)24. A friend of (I)is in Grade 2 .25. There are no between the two pictures .(different)26. Miss Gao teaches (we)English .27. My uncle and aunt are both English .(teach)28. There are four in his family .(people)29. Do you have the basket ?(shop)30. The shop near our school school things .(sell)参考答案一. 1. C 2. A 3. B 4. A 5. D 6. D 7. C 8. A 9. D 10. D 11. C 12. A 13. D 14. D 15. A 16. B 17. C 18. D 19. C 20. B21. C 22. B 23. C 24. A 25. A 26. D 27. A 28. A 29. A 30. A二. 1. B 2. D 3. A 4. D 5. D 6. D 7. A 8. A 9. B 10. C三. 1. 3 2. 2 3. 2 4. 3 5. 2四. 1. favourite 2. between 3. speak 4. people 5. animals五. ei i : i: i ei e : u: i i六. 1. watches 2. them 3. Its 4. their 5. women ; teachers 6. is singing7. plays 8. is 9. watching 10. help 11. writes 12. Canadians13. swimming 14. are ; doing 15. yours 16. players 17. womens18. carefully 19. worried 20. friendly 21. helpful 22. Walking23. Whose 24. mine 25. differences 26. us 27. teachers 28. people29. shopping 30. sells英语的五大基本句型同一个词类可以在句中充当不同的成分,同一个句子成分也可以由不同的词类来担任。句子的组成成分叫句子成分。在句子中,词与词之间有一定的组合关系,按照不同的关系,可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。句子成分由词或词组充当。现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种,即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有六种:主语(subject)、谓语(predicate)、表语(predicative)、宾语(object)、定语(attribute)和状语(adverbial)。英语句子成分中,有些具有形态标志。如第一人称代词作主语就用主格“”,作宾语用宾格“me”,作定语用所有格“my”。这些形态变化对分析辨认成分很有帮助。汉语与英语就句子成分表面上看来差不多,实际上有不少差别。例如: Xiao Li went to bed as soon as he came home.小李回家后,立刻就睡觉了。Ill go when I have had my dinner. 我吃了饭就去。在英语中,同一个主语在第二次出现时不能省略,必须把每个谓语所陈述的对象都表示出来。而在汉语中,同一个主语在句中第二次出现时,就可以省略。如例()中,汉语说“小李回家后立刻就睡觉了”,省去了第二个分句的主语,倒可以避免造成误解。若将第二次出现的主语补出来,说成“小李回家后,他立刻就睡觉了”。听的人反而可能把那个“他”误会成另一个人。把句子的各个成分搞清楚,也就是把句子各部分的关系搞清楚。做到这一点,才可以准确地理解句子的意思或造出结构正确、意思明白的句子。有一点要注意,在分析句子结构时,应该抓住主要成分。我们分析句子结构,划分句子成分无非是为了理解,或者是为了造句。各种语言有各自的规则、各自的习惯,而且语言是很灵活的东西,发展过程也很复杂,很难把语法的现象都做出明确、统一的解释来。在使用一种语言时,语法应让位于习惯。符合习惯的,有时尽管不符合语法,也是正确的。英语句子有长在短,有简有繁,从现象看,似乎千变万化,难以捉摸,但从实质看,可以发现其内在联系,找出其共同规律。英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。英语五种基本句型列式如下:基本句型一: + (主谓)基本句型二: + (主谓表)基本句型三: + (主谓宾)基本句型四: + (主谓间宾直宾)基本句型五: + (主谓宾宾补)基本句型 一此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。+ (不及物动词)1. The sun was shining.2. The moon rose.3. The universe remains.4. We all breathe, eat, and drink.5. Lucy and Mary get up early every morning.6. What he said does not matter.7. They had talked for half an hour when I came in.8. His parents have worked in the factory for more than ten years.基本句型 二此句型的句子有一个共同的特点:句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类:be, look, keep, seem等属一类,表示情况;get, grow, become, turn等属另一类,表示变化。be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。+(是系动词)+ 1. This is an English-Chinese dictionary.2. The dinner smells good.3. He fell in love.4. Everything looks different.5. He is growing tall and strong.6. The trouble is that they are short of money.7. Our well has gone dry.8. His face turned red.附:联系动词(Link Verb)本身有词义,但不能单独用作谓语,后边必须跟表语(亦称补语),构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。有些系动词又是实义动词,该动词表达实义时,有词义,可单独作谓语,例如:He fell ill yesterday.他昨天病了。(fell是系动词,后跟补足语,说明主语情况。) He fell off the ladder. 他从梯子上摔下来。fell是实义动词,单独作谓语。1)状态系动词用来表示主语状态,只有be一词,例如:He is a teacher. 他是一名教师。(is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。)2)持续系动词用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如:He always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。This matter rests a mystery. 此事仍是一个谜。3)表像系动词用来表示看起来像这一概念,主要有seem, appear, look, 例如:He looks tired. 他看起来很累。He seems (to be) very sad. 他看起来很伤心。4)感官系动词感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如:This kind of cloth feels very soft. 这种布手感很软。This flower smells very sweet. 这朵花闻起来很香。5)变化系动词这些系动词表示主语变成什么样,变化系动词主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run.He became mad after that. 自那之后,他疯了。She grew rich within a short time. 她没多长时间就富了。6)终止系动词表示主语已终止动作,主要有prove, turn out, 表达证实,变成之意,例如:The rumor proved false.这谣言证实有假。The search proved difficult.搜查证实很难。His plan turned out a success. 他的计划终于成功了。(turn out表终止性结果)基本句型 三 此句型句子的共同特点是:谓语动词都具有实义,都是主语产生的动作,但不能表达完整的意思,必须跟有一个宾语,即动作的承受者,才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。+(及物动词)+1. Who knows the answer?2. She smiled her thanks.3. He has refused to help them.4. He enjoys reading.5. They ate what was left over.6. He said Good morning.7. I want to have a cup of tea.8. He admits that he was mistaken.基本句型 四此句型的句子有一个共同特点:谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者,另一个是动作的间接承受者。通常这一间接承受者用一个介词来连接,当动作的间接承受者在动作的直接承受者之前时,这一介词往往被省略。 +(及物)+(多指人)+(多指物)1. She ordered herself a new dress.2. She cooked her husband a delicious meal.3. He brought you a dictionary.4. He denies her nothing.5. I showed him my pictures.6. I ga my car a wash.7. I told him that the bus was late.8. He showed me how to run the machine.基本句型 五此句型的句子的共同特点是:动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语,才能使意思完整。+(及物)+(宾语)+(宾补)1. They appointed him manager.2. They painted the door green.3. This set them thinking.4. They found the house deserted.5. What makes him think so?6. We saw him out.7. He asked me to come back soon.8. I saw them getting on the bus.但常用的英语句子并不都象基本句型这样简短,这些句子除了基本句型的成分不变外,通常是在这些成分的前面或后面增加一些修饰语(modifier)而加以扩大。这些修饰语可以是单词(主要是形容词、副词和数词),也可以是各种类型的短语(主要是介词短语、不定式短语和分词短语)。下面以基本句型五为例:We found the hall full. 我们发现礼堂坐满了。We found the great hall full of students and teachers. 我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师。We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report.我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师,在听一个重要报告。We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report made by a comrade from the Peoples Daily on current affairs in East Europe.我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师,在听人民日报的一位同志作有关东欧局势的重要报告。不同的动词使用的句型也不尽一样,因此在学习动词时,应掌握动词的类型。以 get 为例:Hes getting angry. (S V C)He got through the window. (S V M)Youll get a surprise. (S V O)He got his shoes and socks wet. (S V O C)He got himself into trouble. (S V O M)He got her a splendid present. (S V 0 O)在句子中词类和词的位置也影响句子的句型和意思:I found the book easily.我很容易地找到了这本书。(S V O M)I found the book easy. 我觉得这本书很容易。 (

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