重复译法repetitionPPT课件

-,1,-,2,Repetition重复译法,-,3,1.DefinitionRepetition:thewaythekeywordsarerepeatedinagivensentenceorparagraphorpassageinsuchawayastoconformtotheidiomaticusageofthetargetlanguageinE-Ctranslation.为了明确、强调或生动，需要在翻译中重复某些关键性词语。重复译法其实也是一种增词法，只是所增加的是上文出现过的词语。目的有三:(1).使意义明确；(2).表示强调；(3).使译文生动。,-,4,Intranslationasincompositionwriting,Ontheonehand,weomitorremoveasmanyunnecessarywordsinourversionaspossibletofitfortheusageofthetargetlanguageandtherebytogainforceinexpression.Ontheotherhand,wearerequiredintranslationtorepeattheimportantwords,ifnecessary.Animportantwordmayberepeatedforemphasisandspecialattention,forforcecanbeobtainedbyrepetition.Besides,inordertomakethesentenceclear,unimportantwordsshouldbeomittedwhileimportantwordsrepeated.Repetitionis,infact,complementarytoomission.,-,5,TVGUIDEisthemostpopularmagazineinUSA,whosemonthlysalereaches189,000,467copies.RedaersDigestissecondwithacirculationof109,300,247copies.NationalGeographic,agoodmagazineaboutnatureandgeography,distributes100,200,01copiespermonth.BETTERHOMESandGARDENhasacirculationof100,200,348copieseverymonth.WOMENsDAY,whichisapopularmagazinewithfemales,sells100,100,103copiespermonthlywhileFAMILYCIRCLEhasamonthlysaleof100,12,copies.,-,6,2.ModesofRepetition1).RepetitionforSemanticClarity2).RepetitionforEmphasis3).RepetitionforExpressivenessA.RepetitionofWordsorExpressionsinTranslationforClearness(为了意义明确而重复)Thenecessityofrepetitionintranslationischieflyduetothedifferencesinsentencestructurebetweenthetwothetwolanguages.WhatisusuallyomittedinEnglishisoftentoberepeatedinChinesesoastomakethetranslatedversionclearandidiomatic.,-,7,A).RepetitionofNouns(重译名词）(A).Repeatnounsusedasobjects(commonlymodifiedbydifferentmodifiers)1).Letusreviseoursafetyandsanitaryregulations.我们来修订安全规则和卫生规则吧。2).Theywouldbeveryreluctanttopostponeorcancelthemeeting.他们非常不愿意推迟这个会议或取消这个会议。3).Itisourdutytorebuildanddefendourhomeland.重建家园和保卫家园是我们的职责。4).Hehadexperiencedoxygenand/orenginetrouble.他曾碰到过，不是氧气设备出故障，就是引擎出故障，或两者都出故障。,-,8,5).TheuseofpoisongasisclearviolationofinternationallawinparticularoftheGenevaConvention.使用毒气显然违反国际法，特别是违反日内瓦公约。6).Thechiefeffectsofelectriccurrentsarethemagnetic,heatingandchemicaleffects.电流的主要效应是磁效应、热效应和化学效应。7).Lastyear,theoutputofcoalinthisregionamountedtoabout20percentofthewholecountry;ofsteel25percent;ofgrain30percent;ofcotton35percent.去年，这个地区的煤产量约占全国总产量的百分之二十，钢产量占百分之二十五，稻谷产量占百分之三十，棉花产量占百分之三十五。,-,9,B).Repeatnounsusedaspredicatives1).Thishasbeenourpositionbutnottheirs.这一直是我们的立场而不是他们的立场。2).Tomisyourfriendasmuchasheismine.汤姆既是你的朋友，也是我的朋友。3).Hebecameanoilbaronallbyhimself.他成为一个石油大王一个白手起家的石油大王。,-,10,C).Repeattheomittednounsbeforeprepositions1).Thedoctorwillgetmorepracticeoutofhimthanoutofseveralhundredordinarypatients.医生从他身上得到的实践，会比从几百个普通病人身上得到的实践更多。2).Wecaughtaglimpseoftheleadinghorsesandofahorsemanvanishingthroughtherain.我们瞥见了最前面的几匹马，还瞥见了一个骑马的人消失在雨中。3).Theprisonersoftengotintoargumentwitheachotherorwiththeguard.囚犯们经常彼此争吵，或者同看守争吵。,-,11,4).Ignoranceisthemotheroffearaswellasofadmiration.无知是羡慕的根源，也是恐惧的根源。5).ThestoryofTomisastoryofgroansandtears,ofapoorfellowill-treated.汤姆的故事是一个充满呻吟和泪水的故事，是一个不幸的人惨遭虐待的故事。D).Repeatanticipatorynouns(定从中的先行词）1).Thelittleapprenticeinparticularlivedinterroroftheboss,whohadbornedownonhimsooftenandsohardthattherewaslittleleft.小学徒对老板尤其怕得要死，老板经常整他而且整得很重，简直把他整瘪了。2).Wehaveadvancedtheprincipleofpeacefulcoexistence,whichisnowgrowingmoreandmorepopularamongthenationsofAsiaandAfrica.,-,12,我们提出了和平共处的原则，该原则现越来越受到亚非国家的欢迎。3).Now,radarisacommonlyusedtechniquebywhichpeoplecanseethethingsbeyondtheirvisibility.现在，雷达是一种常用的技术，人们利用雷达就能看到视线以外的东西。4).Computersofthistypearenewlydevelopedones,bywhichcalculationscanbedonemuchaccuratelyandfaster.B.RepetitionofVerbsA).Repeattheverbsharedbyseveralobjectsorpredicatives(英语句子中常用一个动词连接几个宾语或表语，在译文中往往重复该动词）1).Theblowhurtnotonlyhishandsbuthisshouldertoo.这一下不仅震痛了他的手，也震痛了他的肩膀。,-,13,2).Peopleforgetyourfacefirst,thenyourname.人们首先忘记你的容貌，接着又忘记你的名字。3).Theywerestartingfromscratchandneededmen,guns,training.他们是白手起家，他们需要人员，需要枪支，需要训练。4).Thisrequirescareand,fordifficultproblems,greatexperience.这就需要细心，而且对许多困难问题来说，还需要丰富的经验。5).Theprimaryaimofscienceistofindtruth,newtruth.科学的基本目标就是寻找真理，寻找新的真理。,-,14,B).Repeatverbscommontoseveralprepositions(英语句子中动词后有前置词时，在第二次第三次往往只用前置词而省略动词，在译文中则要重复动词)1).Henolongerdreamedofstorms,norofgreatoccurrences,norofgreatfish,norofgreatfish,norfights,norcontestsofstrength.他不再梦见风涛，不再梦见惊人的遭遇，也不再梦见大鱼、搏斗和角力。2).Andthebodylaywhiteandstillbeneaththepines,allbathedinsunshineandinblood.这具尸体苍白而安静地躺在松树下，浴于阳光中，浴于血泊中。,-,15,3).Thenhespokeoftheriseofcharityandpopulareducation,andparticularlyofthespreadofwealthandwork.接着他谈到了慈善事业的兴起和教育的普及，特别谈到了财富和工作面的扩大。4).Theyhadpreparedforthiscampaignascarefullyastheyhadforlargerones.他们为这次战役所作的准备，其周密细致的程度，同他们为了较大战役所作的准备一样。5).Theytalkedofthemselves,oftheirprospects,ofthejourney,oftheweather,ofeachother.他们谈到自己，谈到前途，谈到旅程，谈到天气，谈到彼此的情况。,-,16,Attimes,theverbisstilltoberepeatedinChineseeveniftheprepositionshavebeenomittedinEnglish,asisshowninthefollowing(有时英语中连前置词也省略了，但在译文中仍可重复）1).Buthiswifekeptdinninginhisearsabouthisidleness,hiscarelessness,andtheruinhewasbringingonhisfamily.可是他老婆不断地在他耳边唠叨个没完，说他懒惰，说他粗心，并且说他的一家人都要毁在他的身上。2).Wewantedtodetermineifhecompliedwiththetermsofhisemploymentandhisobligationasaclerkinthecompany.我们想要确定，他是否履行了受雇条件，是否履行了作为公司职员所应尽的义务。,-,17,3).Buttheydidnotshowtheirfeelingsandtheyspokepolitelyaboutthecurrentanddepthstheyhaddriftedtheirlinesatandthesteadygoodweatherandofwhattheyhadseen.但是他们并没有把感情流露出来，只是斯斯文文地讲起海流，讲起他们把钓丝送进海水的深度，讲起好久不变的好天气，还讲起他们所看到的一切。,-,18,C.RepetitionofPronouns（重复代词）A).RepeatthenounsinChineseforthepronounsinEnglish(英语中用代词之处，翻译时可重复其所替代的名词）1).Johnopenedhiseyes.Theywerefilledwithtears.约翰睁开眼睛，眼里充满了泪水。2).Hehatedfailure;hehadconquereditallhislife,risenaboveit,despiseditinothers.他讨厌失败，他一生中曾战胜失败，超越失败，并且藐视别人的失败。3).Taylormadeabow.Notaservileonehewillneverdoit.泰勒鞠了一个躬。这不是一个卑躬屈膝的鞠躬他决不会那样做。,-,19,4).Althoughmachinesdoworkbetterandfasterthanapersondoes,theywillneverbeabletoreplacehimbecausetheymustbecontrolledbyman.尽管机器比人工作得更好、更快，但机器永远不能取代人，因为机器必须由人来控制。5).Liketheradiowave,themicrowave,too,isakindofelectromagmaticwave,butitswavelengthsaremuchshorterthanthoseoftheordinaryradiowave.像无线电波一样，微波也是一种电磁波，不过微波的波长要比一般无线电波长短得多。6).Anotherproblemisthatoftherelationshipbetweenoldandnewcadres.另一个问题是新老干部的关系问题。,-,20,6).Whenhereyeslookedup,theywereverylarge,odd,andattractive.她抬起眼来的时候，眼睛显得很大，很特别，很动人。7).ThechangeofTomwasthatofakeymaninakeyslotsomethingthatsymbolizedthegradualtransformationoftheotherplayers.汤姆的转变是一个把守重要关口的关键人物的转变，他的转变象征着其他参与者也在逐渐转变。8).Ignoringaproblemdoesnotsolveit.对一个问题置之不理，并不能解决问题。9).Smithseemedillateasewithpower;Ballsoughtit.斯密司似乎对权力感到困恼不安，鲍尔则拼命追求权力。,-,21,B).RepeatthenounsinChineseforthepossessivepronounsinEnglish（翻译时可不用代词而重复其所替代的名词）1).Happyfamiliesalsohadtheirowntroubles.幸福的家庭也有幸福家庭的苦恼。2).Eachhadhisownbusinesstohandle.各人有各人的事要处理。3).Bigpowershavetheirstrategieswhilesmallcountriesalsohavetheirownlines.强国有强国的策略，小国有小国的策略。4).Eachcountryhasitsowncustoms.各国有各国的风俗。,-,22,C).Repeattherelativepronounoradverb(nouns)implicatedintheemphaticrelativepronounsoradverbs（重复强势关系代词或副词）1).Whoeverviolatesthedisciplineshouldbecriticized.谁犯了纪律，谁就该受到批评。2).Youmayborrowwhichevernovelinmybookcaseyoulikebest.我书架上的小说你最爱看哪一本，你就可以借哪一本。3).Cometomyofficeandhaveatalkwithmewheneveryouarefree.你什么时候有空，就什么时候到我办公室来谈一谈。4).Whereverthereisfire,thereissmoke.,-,23,D).Thestructurewith“someandothers(someothers)”maybesometimesrenderedintotherepetitivestructureinChineseorsometimesintothesyntacticpatternof“有的有的”（翻译时主语往往是谓语重复形式的“的”字结构，有时也可用“有的,有的”句式)1).Someplayedsoccerandothersplayedbasketball.有的踢足球去了，有的打篮球去了。2).SomestayedatdormswatchingTV,otherswentout.有的呆在宿舍里看电视，有的则外出。3).OnSundayafternoon,somereviewedtheirlessons,andothershelpedthecooksintheirwork.星期日下午，有的复习功课，有的帮厨。,-,24,Besides,repetitionmaybeimplementedsemanticallyeveniftherearenorecurringwordsinthesourcetext.(在内容上而不是形式上重复)1).Hewantedtosendthemmoreaid,moreweaponsandafewmoremen.他想给他们增加些援助，增添些武器，增派些人员。2).Hewasproficientbothasaflyerandasanavigator.他既精于飞行，又善于导航。3).Tohim,thebirdssang,thesquirrelchatteredandtheflowersbloomed.鸟儿向他歌唱，松鼠对他叽咕，花儿为他开放。4).HeopinedthatthereceptionoftheChinesehostwasenormouslygraciousandpolite.他认为这位中国主人的接待非常周到，客气极了。,-,25,B.RepetitionforEmphasis（为了强调而重复）Whileforceisinonewaysecuredbybrevity,itisstrangetosaythatemphasisisalsotobemaintainedbyskilfulrepetition.Animportantwordmayberepeatedjustforthepurposeofkeepingitbeforethereadersmind.ThisprincipleholdstruebothinEnglishandinChinese.为了强调，英语句子中往往重复关键性的词语，给人以深刻印象，英译汉时可采用同样的重复手段。A).RepetitionsinEnglishcanberetainedinChinese（保留原句中的重复）1).Hewanderedaboutinthechillrain,thinkingandthinking,broodingandbrooding.他在凄雨中荡来荡去，想了又想，盘算了又盘算。,-,26,2).ProminentamongthemostprominentuponthemostprominentshelfwereseriesofsplendidlyboundvolumesentitledShakespearesWorks.在那个最显眼的书架上岁最显眼的书籍中显眼的几卷就是精装的名叫莎士比亚全集的一套书。3).Theyhadtostandinthatheat,watchingmegoin,comeout,comeout,goinandneversayinganything.他们在大热天里站着，一言不发，眼巴巴看我进去出来，出来进去。4).Letuslearnthelessonsalreadytaughtbysuchcruelexperience.Letusredoubleourexertionsandstrikewithunitedstrengthwhilelifeandpowerremain.让我们吸取过去惨痛的教训，让我们趁着生命犹在，力量尚存之时，加倍努力，团结奋斗吧。,-,27,1).Thistownisasmalltown,lookingmuchlikeothertownsofitssize,butfewtownsenjoysomanynaturaladvantages.这个城市是个小城市，看上去跟其他与它大小相仿的城市没有什么两样，但是其他城市却很少有这么多的天然优越条件。2).Itisimpossibletoliveinsocietyandbeindependentofsociety.生于社会，不能脱离社会。3).Deadisthemonarch,deadtheservantwhocringedbefore,deadthecityinwhichtheydwelt.君主死了，在他面前卑躬屈膝、阿谀奉承的奴才死了，他们居住的这个都城也死了。,-,28,4).Yearafteryearandcenturyaftercenturythemoongoesaroundthroughitscycles.一年又一年，一世纪又一世纪，月亮盈亏变化，周而复始。B).RepetitionsinEnglishcanberepresentedinsynonymsinChinese(用同义词重复）1).Everychangeofseason,everychangeofweather,everyhourofthedayproducessomechangeinthemagicalhuesandshapeofthesemountains;andtheyareregardedbyallgoodwives,farandnear,asperfectbarometers.季节的每一更迭，气候的每一转变，乃至一天中的每一小时，都给这些山峦的奇幻色彩和形态带来变化，远近的主妇都把这些看作是准确的晴雨表。,-,29,2).Theywouldreadandre-readthesecretnotes.他们往往一遍又一遍地反复琢磨这些密件。3).IknowyouhatemeandIhateyou,wehadbetterpartrightnow.我知道你恨我，我也嫌你，我们最好即刻就分手吧。4).Easycome,easygo.来得容易去得快。5).DuringtheirstayinBeijing,theyvisitedsomeoldfriendsoftheirs,visitedPekingUniversityandvisitedtheGreatWall.他们在北京逗留期间，拜访了几个老朋友，参观了北京大学，游览了长城。,-,30,6).Theymightbewellpreparinganattackagainstthecountry,hencetheirsizablebuild-upnotonlyoftroops,butofmissiles,planes,andtanksalongtheborderofthecountry.他们很可能正准备进攻这个国家，因此他们沿着这个国家的边境不仅集结了大量部队，而且部署了大量导弹、飞机和坦克。,-,31,C).Reduplicationofwordsandrepetitionofexpressionsintranslationforexpressivenessandparallelism（为了生动）Itisoneofthemanypeculiaritiesinword-formationofChinesetoreduplicateorrepeatcharactersorwords.Withthesewordsorexpressionshereandthereintranslation,thesentenceswillberenderedmoreexpressive,andthetranslationwillsoundmoreliketheoriginalwork.（即使原文中没有词的重复，翻译时为了使译文生动，有时也可采用重复手段）,-,32,A).Theuseoffour-characterphrasestorenderthetranslatedversionsmoreexpressiveandidiomatic(运用两个四字词组).1).Buttherehadbeentoomuchpublicityabouthiscase.但他的事现在已经搞得满城风雨，人人皆知了。2).Targetprioritieswereestablishedthere.目标的轻重缓急，孰先孰后，是在那里决定的。3).Thestreetswereoverrunbythebanditsthen.那时匪徒在街上横行霸道，无恶不作。4).Heshowedhimselfcalminanemergencysituation.他在情况危急时，态度从容，镇定自若。,-,33,5).Thequestionswereevidentlyunexpectedtotheslow-wittedspokesman,whoinstantlyfoundhimselftongued-tied.这些问题显然使得这位头脑迟钝的发言人感到意外，他立刻显得张口结舌，哑口无言。6).Withwhatseemedmylasthopefrustrated,Islippedintoadeeplethargy.随着最后一线希望的破灭，我不知不觉地掉进了一种懒怠冷漠、意气消沉(心灰意冷）的状态。B).ReduplicationofcharactersorwordsinChinese(重迭)1).Hehadbeencompletelyhonestinmyreplies,withholdingnothing.他的回答完全是坦坦荡荡，直言无隐。,-,34,2).Withhistardiness,carelessnessandappallinggoodhumor,weweresoperplexed.他老是磨磨蹭蹭，马马虎虎，脾气又好得惊人，我们都对他毫无办法。3).Onlyafewslightandveryscatteringripplesofhalf-heartedhand-clappinggreetedhim.欢迎他的只有几下轻轻的、零零落落、冷冷淡淡的掌声。4).Hischildren,too,wereasraggedandwildasiftheybelongedtonobody.他的那些孩子，也是穿得破破烂烂，粗野不堪，就像没有父母似的。5).Thetoastswereflat.祝酒辞是平平淡淡的。6).Tomwasevasiveinhisreply.汤姆的回答躲躲闪闪。,-,35,7).MissWanghadalreadywhimperedseveraltimesattheideaofMissZhangsdeparture.王小姐想到要与张小姐分离，已哭哭啼啼好几回了。8).Shehopedthatshehadmixedenoughfactandfictioninherstorytomisleadhim.(RuthEby:“Rideon,SibylLudington”)她希望所说的情况真真假假，足以使他糊里糊涂。9).Walkingupanddowntheemptyroom,hestoppedhereandtheretotouchorlook.(“TheAppleTree”)房间里空荡荡的，他走过来又走过去，东摸摸西瞧瞧。,-,36,C).TheuseofantitheticphrasesinChinese（四字对偶词组）greatcontributions丰功伟绩gratitude感恩戴德grotesque奇形怪状inchaos乌烟瘴气streetgossip街谈巷议rumors流言蜚语deephatred深仇大恨crudelymade粗制烂造dooneslittlebit添砖加瓦utterlyexhausted精疲力尽fine-soundingwords甜言蜜语,-,37,1).ItwasabrightSeptemberafternoon,andthestreetsofthecitywerebrilliantwithmovingpeople.这是九月一晴朗的下午，那座城市的大街上，人来人往，五光十色。2).Ifitwasatimeoftriumphforthemany,itwasapainfulperiodforthefew.多数人兴高采烈之日，却是少数人伤心失意之时3).Hesatthereandwatchedthem,sochangelesslychanging,sobrightanddark,sograveandgay.他坐在那里注视着，觉得眼前的景象，既是始终如一，又是变化多端，既是光彩夺目，又是朦胧黑暗，既是庄严肃穆，又是轻松愉快。,-,38,4).Thetrial,inhisopinion,wasabsolutelyfair.据他看来，这次审判是绝对公平合理的。5).ShetoldJohnofherfancy.她把她的胡思乱想告诉了约翰。6).Eternalglorytothoserevolutionarymartyrswhohavelaiddowntheirlivesforthecauseofliberationofthepeople!为了人民的解放事业英勇献身的烈士们永垂不朽！7).Whateverinitialworrieswehadaboutthedevicesoonvanished.不管开始时我们对该仪器有多么不放心，这种顾虑不久就烟消云散了。8).Theyarerenownedformeanness.吝啬小气,-,39,Reduplicationofcharactersorwordsandrepetitionofexpressionsintranslationforexpressivenessandparallelismarhetoricaldevice.Itisoneofthemanypeculiaritiesinword-formationofChinesetoreduplicateorrepeatcharactersorwords.Withthesewordsorexpressionshereandthereintranslation,thesentenceswillberenderedmoreexpressive,andthetranslationwillsoundmorelikeoriginalwork.IfweareacquaintedwiththeuseofChinesecharactersinrepetition,wewillbeabletomakeourtranslationsmoothinreadingandthereforeappealingtoourChinesereaders.,-,40,FollowingisabriefsummaryoftherepetitionofChinesecharactersorwordsinvariousways:1).Reduplicationofnouns:亲属称呼：爷爷、奶奶、宝宝、乖乖表示”每一”或“所有”：人人、天天、字字、年年、户户2）Reduplicationofmeasurewords:表示“每一”、“逐一”、“许多”：个个、件件、排排、条条、本本、篇篇、块块ABAB:一个一个、一天一天、一层一层、一次一次ABB：一个个、一块块、一天天、一杆杆3).Reduplicationofverbs:表示短暂的动作：有“一下”或“试一试”的意思，有时表示动作的反复：,-,41,单音节：说说、听听、谈谈、歇歇、瞧瞧、弄弄双音节：ABAB:讨论讨论、整理整理、热闹热闹ABA:说一说、谈一谈、走一走、看一看、想了想、试了试、摇了摇(试比较:A一下：说一下、看一下、走一下、想一下）AABB:说说笑笑、跑跑跳跳、来来往往、吃吃喝喝4).Reduplicationofadjectives:表示程度的加重、加深、加强：单音节：白白(的)、红红(的)、厚厚(的)、小小(的)双音节：AABB:干干净净、老老实实、高高兴兴ABAB:雪白雪白、通红通红、笔直笔直、冰凉冰凉,-,42,5).Reduplicationofadverbs:表示程度的加强：常常、刚刚、偏偏、仅仅、好好（地）AABB:的地确确、时时刻刻、日日夜夜6).Reduplicationorjuxtapositionofcharactersorwordsinotherways:(1).Imitativewords:咚咚、咯咯、哈哈、哗哗、喃喃(2).Adjectivesoradverbs:ABB:红彤彤、甜丝丝、水汪汪、绿油油、静悄悄、光闪闪、直挺挺、笑嘻嘻、白茫茫、眼睁睁ABA:面对面、心连心、手拉手、肩并肩(3).Wordsinfourcharactersreduplicatedinotherways:ABAC:一草一木、一针一线、一进一出、无法无天、有说有笑、土里土气、毛手毛脚、拼死拼活,-,43,AABC:欣欣向荣、哈哈大笑、纷纷要求、喋喋不休ABCC:议论纷纷、刀光闪闪、烈火熊熊、弹痕累累ABCB:要吃有吃、要穿有穿、说干就干、以毒攻毒,-,44,Note:AlthoughthereduplicationofwordsisfarmoreoftenseeninChinesethaninEnglish,therearestillanumberofreduplicativewords(double-barrelledwords)inEnglishvocabulary.Areduplicativewordisacompoundwordcomposedoftwowords,onerhymingwithanother.Followingaresomeofsuchwords:I.1).claptrap:华而不实、哗众取宠的言语2).Flip-flop:啪嗒啪嗒的动作或声音3).tee