小学语法大全

一、名词表示某一事物，有具体的和抽象的之分。分为可数名词和不可数名词。强调不可数名词都默认为单数，所以总是用IS或者WAS；最好不要根据SOME、ANY、ALOTOF等词去作判断，以免受误导。1、可数名词如何变“复数形式”A一般情况下，直接加S，如BOOKBOOKS,BAGBAGS,CATCATS,BEDBEDS；读音清辅音后读，浊辅音和元音后读Z。B以SXSHCH结尾，加ES，如BUSBUSES,BOXBOXES,BRUSHBRUSHES,WATCHWATCHES；读音IZ。C以“辅音字母Y”结尾，变Y为I,再加ES，如FAMILYFAMILIES,STRAWBERRYSTRAWBERRIES；读音Z。D以“F或FE”结尾，变F或FE为V,再加ES，如KNIFEKNIVES，THIEFTHIEVES；读音Z。E以“O”结尾的词，分两种情况1）有生命的ES读音Z如MANGOMANGOESTOMATOTOMATOESHEROHEROES2无生命的S读音Z如PHOTOPHOTOSRADIORADIOSF不规则名词复数MANMEN,WOMANWOMEN,POLICEMANPOLICEMEN,POLICEWOMANPOLICEWOMEN,SNOWMANSNOWMEN,MOUSEMICE,CHILDCHILDREN,FOOTFEET,TOOTHTEETH,FISHFISH,PEOPLEPEOPLE,CHINESECHINESE,JAPANESEJAPANESE2、不可数名词没有复数。如果要计算不可数名词所表达的数量，就得在数词和不可数名词之间加上“量词OF”。例如AGLASSOFWATER,APIECEOFPAPER,ABOTTLEOFJUICE判断步骤如是AM、IS或WAS原形读句子读该单词认识该单词理解意思看BE动词如是ARE或WERE加S或ES练一练1、写出下列各词的复数。I_HIM_THIS_HER_WATCH_MANGO_CHILD_PHOTO_DIARY_DAY_FOOT_DRESS_TOOTH_SHEEP_BOX_STRAWBERRY_THIEF_ENGINEER_PEACH_SANDWICH_MAN_WOMAN_LEAF_PEOPLE_2、用所给名词的正确形式填空。（1）ARETHERETWOBOXONTHETABLE（2）ICANSEESOMEPEOPLEINTHECINEMA（3）HOWMANYDAYARETHEREINAWEEK（4）HEREREFIVEBOTTLEOFJUICEFORYOU（5）THISVIOLINISHERSTHOSEGRAPEAREOVERTHERE二、冠词冠词是一种虚词，不能独立使用，通常放在名词的前面，分为“不定冠词”和“定冠词”两种。1、不定冠词A、AN。用在单数名词前，表示“一个，一件”。AN用在以元音“音素”开头的单词前。如ANEMAIL,ANORANGE,ANOLDMAN,ANENGLISHWATCH,ANHOUR2、定冠词THE。用在单数或者复数名词前。THE没有具体意思，有时翻译为这、那。它的基本用法（1）用来表示特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。如THEMAPONTHEWALLISNEW（2）表示说话者双方都知道的人或事物。如LOOKATTHEPICTURE,PLEASE（3）表示再次提到前面谈过的人或事物。如THISISASTAMPTHESTAMPISBEAUTIFUL（4）用在表示世界上独一无二的事物前。如THESUN太阳THEMOON月亮THEEARTH地球（5）用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。如THEGREATWALL长城（6）用在江河、湖海等专有名词前。如THECHANGJIANGRIVER长江（7）此外，序数词、形容词最高级、乐器名称等词前面和一些习惯用语中一般都用定冠词THE。如THEFIRSTDAY,THEBESTBOY,PLAYTHEPIANO,INTHESAMECLASS确定用A、AN还是THE时可根据汉语意思。练一练1、用A或AN填空。_“U”_ICECREAM_GOALKEEPER_TEAPOT_APPLE_OFFICE_ENGLISHBOOK_UMBRELLA_UNIT_HOUR2、根据需要，填写冠词A，AN或THE。（1）WHOIS_GIRLBEHIND_TREE（2）_OLDMANHASTWOCHILDREN,_SONAND_DAUGHTER（3）THISIS_ORANGE_ORANGEISLUCYS（4）HELIKESPLAYING_GUITARWEHAVE_SAMEHOBBY（5）WEALLHAD_GOODTIMELASTSUNDAY（6）SHEWANTSTOBE_DOCTOR三，数词我们学过两类基数词和序数词。基数用于表示数量多少，而基数词用于表示次序，常在日期中出现。区别基数词前面没有“THE”；序数词前一定要有“THE”。1、超过二十以上的两位数需要在个位和十位之间加上“”。如21TWENTYONE2、三位数以上的则需要在百位数后再加上AND。如101A/ONEHUNDREDANDONE3、用基数词来修饰可数名词时，一定别忘了它的复数形式。如十八个男孩EIGHTEENBOYS4、用基数词修饰不可数名词时，如是复数，变它的量词为复数。如两碗米饭TWOBOWLSOFRICE5、序数词一般加“TH”，特殊的有FIRST,SECOND,THIRD,FIFTH,EIGHTH,NINTH,TWELFTH以及二十及二十以外的整十TWENTIETH,THIRTIETH,FORTIETH“第几十几”前面整十不变，后面“几”改为序数词。如88EIGHTYEIGHTH练一练1、请翻译下列短语。（1）60名学生（2）15本英语书（3）九杯凉水（4）4个孩子（5）12月31（6）6月2日（7）第九周（8）40年前（9）117（10）上学第一天2、把下列基数词改成序数词。ONETWOTHREENINEFOURTEENTWENTYTHIRTYFIVEEIGHTYONE四、代词代词有两种人称代词和物主代词。1、人称代词分为第一、第二、第三人称，且有单复数之分。2、人称代词的主格在句中做主语，一般用在动词前（疑问句除外）；宾格在句中做宾语，多用于动词、介词后。3、形容词性物主代词起形容词的作用，后面一定要跟名词，表示该名词是属于谁的。4、名词性物主代词形容词性物主代词名词。如THISISMYBAGTHISISMINETHATISHERRULERTHATISHERS一般看后面有没有名词，如有，就用形容词性物主代词；如无，就用名词性物主代词。请牢记下表单数复数主格IYOUHESHEITWEYOUTHEY人称代词宾格MEYOUHIMHERITUSYOUTHEM形容词性MYYOURHISHERITSOURYOURTHEIR物主代词名词性MINEYOURSHISHERSITSOURSYOURSTHEIRS练一练1、按要求写出相应人称代词。I（宾格）_SHE（形容词性物主代词）_WE（名词性物主代词）_HE（复数）_US（单数）_THEIRS（主格）_ITS（宾格）_2、想一想，把下表补充完整。人称代词物主代词单数复数单数复数主格宾格主格宾格形容词性名词性形容词性名词性第一人称MEUSOUR第二人称YOUYOUHEHISHER第三人称ITTHEMITSTHEIR3、用所给词的适当形式填空。1）THATISNOT_KITETHATKITEISVERYSMALL,BUT_ISVERYBIGI2）THEDRESSIS_GIVEITTO_SHE3）ISTHIS_WATCHYOUNO,ITSNOT_I4）_ISMYBROTHER_NAMEISJACKLOOKTHOSESTAMPSARE_HE5）_DRESSESAREREDWEWHATCOLOURARE_YOU6）SHOW_YOURKITE,OKTHEY7）IHAVEABEAUTIFULCAT_NAMEISMIMITHESECAKESARE_IT8）ARETHESE_TICKETSNO,_ARENOT_ARENTHERETHEY9）SHALL_HAVEALOOKATTHATCLASSROOMTHATIS_CLASSROOMWE10）_ISMYAUNTDOYOUKNOW_JOB_ISANURSESHE11）WHEREARE_ICANTFIND_LETSCALL_PARENTSTHEY12）DONTTOUCH_ISNOTACAT,_ISATIGERIT13）_SISTERISILLPLEASEGOANDSEE_SHE14）THEGIRLBEHIND_ISOURFRIENDSHE五、形容词、副词1、形容词表示某一事物或人的特征，副词表示某一动作的特征。形容词和副词有三种形式原形、比较级、最高级。比较级ER最高级THEEST两个重要特征ASAS中间一定用原形，THAN的前面一定要ER。2、形容词、副词比较级的规则变化如下（1）一般直接ER。如TALLTALLER,FASTFASTER单音节词如果以E结尾，只加R。如LATELATER（2）重读闭音节词如末尾只有一个辅音字母，须双写这个字母，再加ER。如BIGBIGGER,FATFATTER（3）以辅音字母加Y结尾的词，变Y为I，再加ER。如HEAVYHEAVIER,EARLYEARLIER（4）双音节和多音节词的比较级应在原级前加MORE构成。如BEAUTIFULMOREBEAUTIFUL,CAREFULMORECAREFUL,QUIETLYMOREQUIETLY,INTERESTINGMOREINTERESTING（5）有些不规则变化的，须逐一加以记忆。如GOOD/WELLBETTER,BAD/ILLWORSE,MANY/MUCHMORE,FARFARTHER/FURTHER,OLDOLDER/ELDER练一练1、写出下列形容词、副词的比较级。BIGGOODLONGTALLOLDSHORTTHINHEAVYYOUNGFATLIGHTSTRONGHIGHFARLOWEARLYLATEWELLFASTSLOW2、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。1ICANSWIMAS_FASTASTHEFISH,ITHINK2LOOKHISHANDSARE_BIGTHANMINE3ITHINKYOUDOTHESETHINGS_WELLTHANYOURCLASSMATES4WHOSEBAGIS_HEAVY,YOURSORMINE5DOESJIMRUNAS_（SLOWASDAVIDYES,BUTMIKERUNS_SLOWTHANTHEM6YOUHAVESEVENBOOKS,BUTIHAVE_MANYTHANYOUIHAVETEN7IJUMP_FARTHANSOMEOFTHEBOYSINMYCLASS8IMVERY_THIN,BUTSHES_THINTHANME9ITGETS_AND_WARMWHENSPRINGCOMESHERE六、介词1、一种虚词。不能单独作句子成分，它只有跟它后面的宾语一起构成介词短语，才能在句子中起作用。有IN,ON,UNDER,WITH,BEHIND,ABOUT,NEAR,BEFORE,AFTER,FOR,TO,UP,DOWN,FROM,INFRONTOF,OUTOF,FROMTO,ATTHEBACKOF2、表示时间的介词有AT,ON,IN。（1）AT表示“在某一个具体的时间点上”，或用在固定词组中。如ATTENOCLOCK,AT930AM,ATNIGHT,ATTHEWEEKEND（2）ON表示“在某日或某日的时间段”。如ONFRIDAY,ONTHEFIRSTOFOCTOBER,ONMONDAYMORNING（3）IN表示“在某一段时间（月份、季节）里”。如INTHEAFTERNOON,INSEPTEMBER,INSUMMER,IN20053、IN一词还有其他的固定搭配，如INBLUE（穿着蓝色的衣服），INENGLISH（用英语表达），TAKEPARTIN（参加）。练一练1、选用括号内恰当的介词填空。1WHATSTHIS_AT,ON,INENGLISH2CHRISTMASIS_AT,ON,INTHE25THOFDECEMBER3THEMAN_WITH,ON,INBLACKISSUHAISFATHER4HEDOESNTDOWELL_AT,ON,INPE5LOOKATTHOSEBIRDS_ON,INTHETREE6WEAREGOINGTOMEET_AT,ON,INTHEBUSSTOP_AT,ON,INHALFPASTTEN7ISTHEREACAT_UNDER,BEHIND,INTHEDOOR8HELENSWRITINGPAPERIS_IN,INFRONTOFHERCOMPUTER9WELIVE_AT,ON,INANEWHOUSENOW10DOESITOFTENRAIN_AT,ON,INSPRINGTHERE2、圈出下列句子中运用不恰当的介词，并将正确的答案写在横线上。1JIMISGOODINENGLISHANDMATHS2THEFILMSWEREINTHEGROUNDJUSTNOW3THEYARETALKINGTOTHEIRPLANS4HOWMANYSTUDENTSHAVETHEIRBIRTHDAYSONMAY5WOMENSDAYISATTHETHIRDOFMARCH6ICANJOGTOSCHOOLONTHEMORNING7DIDYOUWATERTREESATTHEFARM8CANYOUCOMEANDHELPMEONMYENGLISH9IUSUALLYTAKEPHOTOSINSUNDAYMORNING10WHATDIDYOUDOONTHESPRINGFESTIVAL七、动词这里所说的动词是指各种动词总称，其中包括BE动词、情态动词、助动词、行为动词（就是我们平时总说的那种动词）。动词、名词和形容词不太容易区分，如不能一眼看出，可用如下方法先用“一（量词）”（如一个、一张等）和这个词连起来说，如说得通，一般认为是名词；说不通再用“很”去判断，就是把“很”和为个词连起来说，说得通一般就是形容词；都说不通就是动词。（目前我们学过的，以后可能不同）（另外一些很明显的，如人称代词、数词、情态动词等一下就可以知道）1、BE动词（AM,IS,ARE,WAS,WERE）1）AMWAS,ISWAS,AREWERE口诀我用AM,你用ARE,IS用在他她它，所有复数全用ARE。2）肯定和否定句IAMNOTFROMLONDONHEISNOTATEACHERSHEISNOTINTHEDININGROOMMYHAIRISNOTLONGHEREYESARENOTSMALL3）一般疑问句AMIACHINESEYES,YOUARENO,YOUARENTARETHEYAMERICANYES,THEYARENO,THEYARENTISTHECATFATYES,ITISNO,ITISNT4）BE动词的否定形式AMNOT（没有缩写形式），ARENOTARENT，ISNOTISNT。用恰当的BE动词填空。练一练1、用BE动词的适当形式填空。1）I_ABOY_YOUABOYNO,I_NOT2）THEGIRL_JACKSSISTER3）THEDOG_TALLANDFAT4）THEMANWITHBIGEYES_ATEACHER5）_YOURBROTHERINTHECLASSROOM6）HOW_YOURFATHER7）MIKEANDLIUTAO_ATSCHOOL8）WHOSEDRESS_THIS9）WHOSESOCKS_THEY10）WHO_I11）THEJEANS_ONTHEDESK12）HERE_ASCARFFORYOU13）HERE_SOMESWEATERSFORYOU14）THEBLACKGLOVES_FORSUYANG15）THISPAIROFGLOVES_FORYANGLING16）THETWOCUPSOFMILK_FORME17）SOMETEA_INTHEGLASS18）GAOSHANSSHIRT_OVERTHERE19）MYSISTERSNAME_NANCY20）_DAVIDANDHELENFROMENGLAND21）THERE_AGIRLINTHEROOM22）THERE_SOMEAPPLESONTHETREE23）_THEREANYAPPLEJUICEINTHEBOTTLE24）THERE_SOMEBREADONTHEPLATE25）YOU,HEANDI_FROMCHINA26）THERE_ABOY,TWOGIRLS,THREEMENANDTENWOMENINTHEPARK2、助动词（DO,DOES,DID）DO,DOES用于一般现在时，其过去式DID用于一般过去时。它们通常用在疑问句和否定句中。它们的否定形式DONOTDONT,DOESNOTDOESNT,DIDNOTDIDNT。注意在一般现在时中，DOES用于第三人称单数，其余一律用助动词DO；助动词DO,DOES,DID后面一定要用动词原形。练习1、用适当的助动词填空。1_YOULIKETHISMAGAZINE2THEGIRL_LIKEBREADFORBREAKFAST3WHAT_SHE_ATTHEWEEKENDSSHEUSUALLYPLAYSGAMESWITHHERFRIENDS4WHA_YOUDOLASTSUNDAYIWROTETOMYFRIEND5DIDYOUSEEABEIJINGOPERANO,I_6HE_NOTVISITAFARMLASTNATIONALDAYHOLIDAY7THEY_NOTLIKEPLAYINGVOLLEYBALL8_JIMHAVEAPICNICWITHHISFAMILYEVERYSATURDAYYES,HE9_HELENANDYANGLINGGOTOSCHOOLONFOOTEVERYDAY10HOWMANYKITES_WEHAVEWEHAVETEN2、找出下列句子中的错误，将序号填入题前括号内，并改正。1DIDYOUHADABIGLUNCHWITHYOURFAMILYLASTSPRINGFESTIVALABC2WHATDOTHEBOYHAVEINHISPENCILBOXHEHASARUBBERABC3THEYDOESNTLIKETHEFILMABC4DOJIMGETUPATSIXEVERYDAYABC5DONTGIVINGTHEBALLTOLIUTAOABC3、情态动词情态动词也是一类特殊的动词，平时我们不把它说成是动词。情态动词可以和行为动词同时出现在同一个句子中。我们现在学过的情态动词有CAN、COULD、SHALL、SHOULD、WILL、WOULD、MAY、MIGHT、MUST。注意情态动词后动词总是用原形。（不受其他任何条件影响）其否定形式CANNOTCANT,MUSTNOTMUSTNT,注意MAYNOT和SHALLNOT（无缩写形式）练一练选择填空。1THESIGNONTHEWALLMEANSYOU_STAYAWAYFROMTHEBUILDINGAMUSTBCANTCSHOULDNT2HOWMANYBOOKS_YOUSEEONTHEDESKAMAYBCANCSHOULD3ITMEANSYOU_MAKENOISEINTHELIBRARYASHOULDBSHOULDNTCCAN4_YOULIKEAGLASSOFMILKYES,PLEASEAMAYBCOULDCWOULD5_YOUSEETHESIGNOVERTHERESORRY,ICANTACANBCANTCSHOULD6_WEGOTOTHEPARKBYBUSAMAYBMUSTCSHALL4、行为动词就是我们平时上课时说的动词，表示某一动作或行为。如SWEEP、LIVE等。行为动词我们已学过它们的四种形式原形、第三人称单数S/ES、现在分词（也叫动名词）ING、过去式ED。（1）动词第三人称单数变化规则A、一般直接加“S”，如PLAYPLAYS,VISITVISITS,SPEAKSPEAKS；B、以“S”，“X”，“SH”，“CH”结尾时，加“ES”，如CATCHCATCHES,WATCHWATCHES；C、以“辅音字母Y”结尾时，变“Y”为“I”再加“ES”，如CARRYCARRIES,STUDYSTUDIES。（2）现在分词（动名词）构成规则A、一般直接加“ING”，如GOGOING,DODOING,LOOKLOOKING；B、以不发音的“E”结尾的单词，去“E”加“ING”，如TAKETAKING,MAKEMAKING,HAVEHAVING；C、以重读闭音节结尾的词，如末尾只有一个辅音字母，需要双写这个字母再加“ING”，如PUTPUTTING,STOPSTOPPING,RUNRUNNING,GETGETTING,SWIMSWIMMING,SITSITTING,BEGINBEGINNING,JOGJOGGING,FORGETFORGETTING。（3）过去式构成规则A、一般直接加“ED”，如PLANTPLANTED,VISITVISITED,PICKPICKED；B、以不发音字母“E”结尾，直接加“ED”，如LIKELIKED,HOPEHOPED,TASTETASTED；C、以“辅音字母Y”结尾时，变“Y”为“I”再加“ED”，如TRYTRIED,CARRYCARRIED,STUDYSTUDIED；D、有些动词要双写最后一个字母，再加“ED”，如STOPSTOPPED；E、还有很多动词的过去式是不规则的，请记忆是AMBEWASBEING；是AREBEWEREBEING；是BEWAS,WEREBEING；成为BECOMEBECAMEBECOMING；开始BEGINBEGANBEGINNING；弯曲BENDBENTBENDING；吹BLOWBLEWBLOWING；买BUYBOUGHTBUYING；能CANCOULD；捕捉CATCHCAUGHTCATCHING；选择CHOOSECHOSECHOOSING；来COMECAMECOMING；切CUTCUTCUTTING；做DO,DOESDIDDOING；画DRAWDREWDRAWING；饮DRINKDRANKDRINKING；吃EATATEEATING；感觉FEELFELTFEELING；发现FINDFOUNDFINDING；飞FLYFLEWFLYING；忘记FORGETFORGOTFORGETTING；得到GETGOTGETTING；给GIVEGAVEGIVING；走GOWENTGOING；成长GROWGREWGROWING；有HAVE,HASHADHAVING；听HEARHEARDHEARING；受伤HURTHURTHURTING；保持KEEPKEPTKEEPING；知道KNOWKNEWKNOWING；学习LEARNLEARNED,LEARNTLEARNING；允许，让LETLETLETTING；躺LIELAYLYING；制造MAKEMADEMAKING；可以MAYMIGHT；意味MEANMEANTMEANING；会见MEETMETMEETING；必须MUSTMUST；放置PUTPUTPUTTING；读READREADREADING；骑、乘RIDERODERIDING；响、鸣RINGRANGRINGING；跑RUNRANRUNNING；说SAYSAIDSAYING；看见SEESAWSEEING；将SHALLSHOULD；唱歌SINGSANGSINGING；坐下SITSATSITTING；睡觉SLEEPSLEPTSLEEPING；说SPEAKSPOKESPEAKING；度过SPENDSPENTSPENDING。练一练1、写出下列动词的第三人称单数。DRINK_GO_STAY_MAKE_LOOK_HAVE_PASS_CARRY_COME_WATCH_PLANT_FLY_STUDY_BRUSH_DO_TEACH_TAKE_SEE_2、写出下列动词的现在分词。PUT_GIVE_FLY_GET_DANCE_SIT_RUN_PLANT_TAKE_SWIM_ASK_STOP_TAKE_WRITE_HAVE_SMOKE_THINK_WANT_TELL_3、写出下列动词的过去式。ISAM_FLY_PLANT_ARE_DRINK_PLAY_GO_MAKE_DOES_DANCE_WORRY_ASK_TASTE_EAT_DRAW_PUT_THROW_KICK_PASS_DO_4、用动词的适当形式填空。（1）I_TOSCHOOLFROMMONDAYTOFRIDAYMYBROTHEROFTEN_TOSCHOOLWITHMEYESTERDAYWE_TOSCHOOLTOGETHERWELIKE_TOSCHOOLVERYMUCHGO（2）THEYUSUALLY_LUNCHATHOMEBUTLASTWEEK,THEY_LUNCHATSCHOOLHAVE（3）THAT_MYENGLISHBOOKIT_NEWBUTNOWIT_NOTHEREIT_THEREAMOMENTAGOBE（4）MYSISTERLIKES_VERYMUCHSHEOFTEN_ATOURSCHOOLFESTIVALLASTTERM,SHE_ALOTOFSONGSINTHESCHOOLHALLSHE_BEAUTIFULLYSING（5）WHAT_HEUSUALLY_ONSUNDAYHEUSUALLY_HISHOMEWORKLOOKHE_HISHOMEWORKNOW_HE_HISHOMEWORKLASTSUNDAYYES,HE_DO（6）DOPEOPLEUSUALLY_MOONCAKESATMIDAUTUMNFESTIVALYES,THEYDODIDYOU_MOONCAKESLASTMIDAUTUMNFESTIVALYES,IDIDI_ALOTOFDELICIOUSMOONCAKESEAT八、THERE/HEREBE结构1、THEREBE结构表示“某时、某地存在着什么事物或人”，包括THEREIS、THEREARE、THEREWAS、THEREWERE。HEREBE结构与它类似，用法也完全相同，只不过是表示“这里存在着什么事物或人”。2、和HAVE、HAS、HAD的区别（1）THEREBE句型表示在某地有某物（或人）；而HAVE、HAS、HAD表示某人拥有某物。（2）在THEREBE句型中，主语是单数，BE动词用IS；主语是复数，BE动词用ARE；如有几件物品，BE动词根据最近BE动词的那个名词决定“就近原则”。（3）THEREBE句型的否定句在BE动词后加NOT,一般疑问句把BE动词调到句首。（4）THEREBE句型与HAVEHAS的区别THEREBE表示在某地有某物（或人）；HAVEHAS表示某人拥有某物。（5）SOME和ANY在THEREBE句型中的运用SOME用于肯定句，ANY用于否定句或疑问句。（6）AND和OR在THEREBE句型中的运用AND用于肯定句，OR用于否定句或疑问句。（7）针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是HOWMANY名词复数ARETHERE介词短语HOWMUCH不可数名词ISTHERE介词短语（8）针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是WHATS介词短语（9）THEREBE结构一般用在句子的开头，而HAVE等词只能用于某一个主语后面。练一练1、用恰当的BE动词填空。1THERE_FOURSEASONSINAYEAR2THERE_NOTANYTREESTWOYEARSAGO3_THEREAPOSTOFFICENEARYOURSCHOOLYES,THERE_4HOWMANYSTOPS_THERETHERE_ONLYONE5THERE_NOTANYSTAMPSONTHEENVELOPE6_THEREANYBIRDSINTHETREE7THERE_ASHOPPINGCENTRENEAROURSCHOOLLASTYEARBUTNOWTHERE_NOONE8THERE_ONLYTHREEOFUSMYDAD,MYMUMANDME9HERE_SOMEBREADFORYOU10INNEWYORK,THERE_ALOTOFRAININSPRING2、选用“HAVE,HAS,HAD,THEREIS,THEREARE,THEREWAS,THEREWERE”填空。1I_AGOODFATHERANDAGOODMOTHER2_ATELESCOPEONTHEDESK3HE_ATAPERECORDER4_ABASKETBALLINTHEPLAYGROUND5THEY_ANICEGARDEN6MYFATHER_ASTORYBOOKLASTYEAR7_AREADINGROOMINTHEBUILDING8WHATDOESMIKE_9_ANYBOOKSINTHEBOOKCASE10HOWMANYSTUDENTS_INTHECLASSROOM11_ASTORYBOOKONTHETABLEAMOMENTAGO12WHATDOYOU_13MYPARENTS_SOMENICEPICTURES14_SOMEMAPSONTHEWALL15_AMAPOFTHEWORLDONTHEWALL16DAVIDSFRIENDS_SOMETENTS17_MANYCHILDRENONTHEHILL九、SOME，ANY的用法SOME用于肯定句；ANY用于否定句和一般疑问句。请注意看例句后扩号中说明的用法。例THEREISSOMEWATERINTHEGLASS（肯定句）THEREARESOMEFLOWERSINTHEGARDEN（肯定句）THEREARENTANYLAMPSINTHESTUDY（否定句）ARETHEREANYMAPSONTHEWALL（一般疑问句）WOULDYOULIKESOMEORANGEJUICE（希望得到肯定回答）DOYOUWANTTOTAKEANYPHOTOSATTHEPARTY（一般疑问句）练一练选用SOME或ANY填空。1THEREISNT_MILKINTHEFRIDGE2ICANSEE_CARS,BUTICANTSEE_BUSES3HEHAS_FRIENDSINENGLAND4WERETHERE_FRUITTREESONTHEFARM5HEREARE_PRESENTSFORYOU6DOESTOMWANTTOTAKE_PHOTOS7ISTHERE_RICEINTHEKITCHEN8THEREARE_NEWBUILDINGSINOURSCHOOL9WOULDYOULIKE_CAKESNO,IDNOTLIKE_CAKES,BUTIDLIKE_COFFEE10ARETHERE_PICTURESONTHEWALLNO,THEREARENT_PICTURES十、动词不定式1、TO加动词原形构成一种非谓语形式，在这里不是介词，无词义。如IWANTTOMAKEANEWYEARCARD我想制作一张新年贺卡。WOULDYOULIKETOHAVEAPICNICWITHUS你愿意和我们一起去野餐吗2、TO保留原来动词的一些特征，它可以带自己的宾语和状语等。如TOGETTHEREFASTER,YOUCANTAKEBUSNO5想快一点到那儿，你可以坐5路车。3、TO前有时带疑问词WHAT,WHEN,WHERE,WHICH,WHY,HOW等。如HESASKINGYANGLINGHOWTOGETTHERE他正在问杨玲怎样到达那里。总而言之，一定要记住TO后面用动词原形。练一练1、用扩号中所给动词的适当形式填空。1PEOPLEWOULDLIKE_GOTOFARMSINTHECOUNTRYSIDE2ITSTIME_HAVELUNCH3IWANT_BUYSOMEPRESENTSFORMYFRIENDS4THETHIEFBEGAN_RUN5PLEASESHOUWMEHOW_GOTOTHESHOPPINGCENTRE6WOULDYOULIKE_JOINUS7DONTFORGET_WRITE“HAPPYNEWYEAR”8SHEWASVERYGLAD_SEETHEM9PLEASEREMEMBER_CLOSETHEWINDOWSBEFOR