高中英语阅读方法(个人完整心整理)ppt课件

.,阅读方法与技巧,.,阅读中主旨大意题的题型分类,标题类：体现概括性,避免远离主题(1)Thebesttitleforthispassageis.(2)Thesuitableheadlineforthispassagemaybe(3)Thetitlethatbestexpressestheideaofthepassageis.(4)Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthispassage?段落主旨：体现针对性,避免张冠李戴(1)Themainideaofthesecondparagraphprobablyisthat.(2)Whatisthelastparagraphchieflyconcernedwith?(3)WhichofthefollowingcanbestsummarizeParagraphone?(4)Whatsthemainideadiscussedinthefirstparagraph?文章主旨：体现全面性,避免以偏概全(1)Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?(2)Thepassagetalksabout.(3)Thepassagetellsusthat.(4)Thispassagemainlydealswith.(5)Whatsthemainidea/topicofthepassage?,.,主题句在段首一个主题句常常是一个段落的开头，其后的句子则是论证性细节。Smokingcigarettesisharmfultoyourhealth.Experimentsshowthatcigarettesmokingcancausecancer.Besidesthemostseriousandterriblediseaseillness),cancer,cigarettesmokingalsocancauseotherhealthproblems.Forexample,itcangiveonea“smokerscough”.Finally,studieshaveshownitiseasyforcigarettesmokerstocatchcolds.Whetheryougetanunimportantcoldorterriblekiller,cancer,smokingisharmful.Isitworthit?,Whatisthemainidea?A.cigarettesmokingcancausecancerB.smokingcancausethemostseriousandterribledisease(illness)C.smokingalsocancauseotherhealthproblemsD.smokingisharmful.,.,On26January,AustraliaDay,inover200locationsacrossthenation,morethan9,000peoplewillbecomeAustraliancitiziens.“Bythesecitizenshipceremonieswewelcomethosewhohavecomefromoverseasfrommanydifferentculturalandsocialbackgroundsintoourcommunitiesandournation,”saidtheMinisterforCitizenshipandMulticulturalAffairs.“AustraliaDaycelebrationsthatincludepeoplefromsomanybirthplacesareanezcellentwaytoencouragetolerance,respectandfriendshipamongallthepeopleofAustralia.”Mostcitizenshipceremonieswillbefollowedbydisplaysofsinginganddancingfrommanyofthemigrantshomelandsandthetastingoffoodfromallovertheworld.OnAustraliaDay,_.A.peoplesinganddancetogetherB.peopleenjoyAustraliafoodC.somepeoplefromoverseaswereacceptedasthecitizensinAustraliaD.peoplecantravelalloverAustralia,.,Readingtodogsisanunusualwaytohelpchildrenimprovetheirliteracyskills(读写能力).Withtheirshiningbrowneyes,waggingtails,andunconditionallove,dogscanprovidethenonjudgmentallistenersneededforabeginningreadertogainconfidence(自信心),accordingtoIntermountainTherapyAnimals(ITA)inSaltLakeCity.Thegroupsaysitisthefirstprograminthecountrytousedogstohelpdevelopliteracyinchildren,withtheintroductionofReadingEducationAssistanceDogs(READ).TheSaltLakeCityPublicLibraryissoldontheidea.“Literacyspecialistsadmitthatchildrenwhoreadbelowtheleveloftheirfellowpupilsareoftenafraidofreadingaloudinagroup,oftenhavelowerself-respect,andregardreadingasaheadache,”saidLisaMyron,managerofthechildrensdepartment.LastNovemberthetwogroupsstarted“DogDayAfternoon”inthechildrensdepartmentofthemainlibrary.About25childrenattendedeachofthefourSaturday-afternoonclasses,readingforhalfanhour.Thosewhoattendedthreeofthefourclassesreceiveda“pawgraphed”bookatthelastclass.TheprogramwassosuccessfulthatthelibraryplanstorepeatitinApril,accordingtoDanaThumpowsky,publicrelationsmanager.Whatismainlydiscussedinthetext?A.Childrensreadingdifficulties.B.Advantagesofraisingdogs.C.Serviceinapubliclibrary.D.Aspecialreadingprogram,.,有些文章或段落无明显的主题句,只是暗示性地体现主题.这就要求在阅读过程中根据文中所叙述的事实或提供的线索来概括总结主旨大意Ifyouwereplanningtobuyatelevisionset,thefollowingadvertisementwouldcertainlydrawyourattention:“ColorTV.Only79.Twodayssale.Hurry.”However,whenyougotothestorereadytobuy.Youmaydiscoverthattheyaresoldout.Buttheshopassistantisquicktotellyouthathehasanothermodel.Amuchbettersetwhichis“justrightforyou”Itcosts395.Thissalesmethodiscalled“baitandswitch”.Buyersarebaitedwithasalesadvertisement,andthentheyareswitchedtoanothermoreexpensiveone.Buyingthingsonsaleneedscarefulconsiderationofthegoodsandthereasonforthesale.Theparagraphcouldbeentitled_.A.BuyingATVSetB.ASellingMethodC.BuyerBewareD.TVOnSale,.,有些文章或段落无明显的主题句,只是暗示性地体现主题.这就要求在阅读过程中根据文中所叙述的事实或提供的线索来概括总结主旨大意TomstudiedfouryearsattheUniversityofParisanddecidedtoleavebeforehisgraduation.HetransferredtotheUniversityofBerlinandgraduatedwithhonors.HarvardLawSchooland,later,BostonCollegeprovidedhimwithanexcellentlegalbackground.HeispresentlyacorporationlawyerinMiami,Florida.Themainideaofthisparagraphisthat_.A.Tom,whohadstudiedatParisUniversitiesforfouryears,movedtoanotheruniversity.B.TombecamealawyersincehisgraduationfromHarvardLawSchoolandlaterfromBostonCollege.C.TomwasanexcellentstudentwhenhestudiedatBerlinuniversity.D.Tomreceivedanexcellenteducation.,.,任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，许多文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词Aneweight-kilometerroadisunderconstructionthatlinkstheportareawithmotorwaysystem.Itisexpectedtocarry20,000trucksandcarsaday,whichgreatlyreducestheovercrowdedtrafficinthecenterofthecity.Aspartoftheproject,twofour-kilometerroadtunnelsarebeingbuiltbelowthecentralareaofthecity,onefortraffictothenorthandtheotherforthetraffictothesouth.Thetwotunnelsareabout20metersbelowthesurfaceandare12meterswide,providingfortwolanesoftrafficineachdirection.Intheupperpartofthetunneltwoair-conditioningpipesremovethewastegasoftrucksandcarsandkeepthequalityofairinsidethetunnel.Thelightingisatthetopofthetunnel,practicallyatitshighestpoint.Therewillalsobeelectricsignsatfrequentintervals.Theyshowtrafficconditionsaheadandcanbeseenclearlybydrivers.Thewallismadeupoffourmainelements,whichincludeawaterproofingcoveringand,ontheinsideofthetunnel,aconcretelining.Eachtunnelisroughlyroundandthelowerpartofthetunnelissomewhatflat.Thesurfaceoftheroadliesonthebase,whichismadeofconcreteandsteel.Thedrainagesystem,justbelowtheroadsurfaceononeside,removesanyextraliquid,particularlywater.Intheeventoffire,thefiremain,whichismadeofsteel,pipeswatertomanyfirehydrantstationsatregularintervalsalongthelengthofthetunnel.Thefiremainisatthesideofthetunnelandattheleveloftheroadsurface.Othersystemsinthetunnelwillincludeemergencyphones.Thepassageismainlyabout_.A.theconstructionofaroadB.thedesignofaroadC.theconstructionoftwotunnelsD.thedesignoftwotunnels,.,猜测词义类,.,根据因果关系进行判断根据原因可以预测结果，根据结果也可以找出原因。（NMET2001，A篇）BiggestpowerfailureinthecityshistoryAllofourice-creamandfrozenfoodsmelted,.,根据转折或对比关系进行判断根据上下句的连接词，如：but，however，otherwise等就可以看到前后句在意义上的差别，从而依据某一句的含义，来确定另一句的含义。分号（；）还可以表示转折、对比或不相干的意义。Hehasbeengettingbetter，butduringthenighthisconditiondeteriorated,.,根据上下文解释做出判断：其方法主要有：1根据文中的定义、解释猜生词。例如：Skimmingmeanslookingoverapassagequicklytogetthemainideabeforeyoubegintoreaditcarefully2利用事例或解释猜生词。例如：Thedoctorisstudyingglaucomaandotherdiseasesoftheeye3利用重复解释的信息猜生词。例如：Mr.Smithalwaysarriveshomepunctually，neitherearlynorlate,.,解题技巧,.,1.比较原则：如果A选项能够证明B选项成立，那么证明B比A好，依次类推，直接得出答案。注意：该原则只能用在选项有共同点，且待选选项都与原文沾边，但是较难排除的情况,例1：ThispassageismainlyaboutATeacheroftheYear2004intheUnitedStates（描述一个老师）BMsMellorsEnglishteachinginstruction（他是英语老师）CMsMellorsteachingskillsoflearningEnglish（教英语技巧的老师）DpraisestoMsMellorfromotherteachers（得到表扬的老师）我们看BCD选项都能证明A对（描述一个老师），那么就直接选A，我们不要管为什么，也不必从原文去验证。从范围最大角度上说，A的范围最大，所以也选A。用信息为零原则来看，当把共同点去了（老师），A选项信息为零，所以A放在任何文章都能成立。,.,例2：（题目不用看了）A.如何使用幽默B.演讲中加入幽默C.不同的幽默战术ABC三个选项都是与原文沾边的待选答案，那么按A推B原则，BC都可说明A“如何使用幽默”，但A并不能证明使用幽默代表着在演讲中加入，或者变成战术，所以直接选A。,.,范围最大原则：答案中描述的范围越大，表达的越虚幻，则更加正确，所谓选项虚就是它不特定指什么条件，而是放在哪都说的通，从而无从挑出毛病。因为英语表述中越实在，哪怕和原文语句一致，也只能表示他描述的越片面。,Parentsshouldstopblamingthemselvesbecausetheresnotalottheycandoaboutit.Imeantheteenagerproblem.Whateveryoudoorhoweveryouchoosetodealwithit,atcertaintimesawonderful,reasonableandhelpfulchildwillturnintoaterribleanimal.Iveseenfriendsdealwithitinallkindsofdifferentways.Onestrictmotherinsistedthatherson,rightfromachild,shouldstandupwheneveranyoneenteredtheroom,opendoorsandshakehandslikeagentleman.IsawhimlastweekwhenIcalledround.Sprawlinghimself(懒散地躺）onthesofainfulllength,hemadenoattempttoturnofftheloudTVhewaswatchingasIwalkedin,andhisgreetingwasnomorethanaquickglanceatme.Hismotherwasashamed.“Idontknowwhattodowithhimthesedays,”shesaid.“Hesforgottenallthemannerswetaughthim.”Hehasntforgottenthem.Hesjustdecidedthathesnotgoingtousethem.Sheconfessed(坦白）thatshewouldliketocomeupbehindhimandthrowhimdownfromthesofaontothefloor.Anothergoodfriendofminelethertwodaughtersclimballoverthefurniture,reachacrossthetable,stareatmeandsay,“Idontlikeyourdress;itsugly.”Oneofthedaughtershasrecentlybeendrivenoutofschool.Theotherhaslefthome.“Wheredidwegowrong?”herparentsarenowverysad.Probablynowheremuch.Atleast,nomorethantherestofthatunfortunaterace,parents.71.Thistextismostprobablywrittenby_.A.anexpertinteenagerstudiesB.aheadmasterofamiddleschoolC.aparentwithteenagechildrenD.adoctorformentalhealthproblems,.,若有两个选项意思相反，必有一个正确（两个相反选项合起来的内容就是包含全部内容）,.,绝对词否决法答案项中有绝对语气词的一般不是正确答案项。这些语气词有:must,always