高一必修3Unit3-5名词性从句.ppt

为什么叫名词性从句？_,整个从句相当于一个名词,同样作宾语，从句可以表示较复杂的含义,Iknowhim.Iknowthatheiswritinghiscompositioninhisroom.,2.为什么要有名词性从句？,我知道他在房间里写作文.,名词能做的成分,从句都能做,NounClause,名词性从句,名词性从句,主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句,主语从句在句中做-宾语从句在句中做-表语从句在句中做-同位语从句在句中-,主语,宾语,表语,同位语,1.Thathewillcomeiscertain.,2.Iknowthathewillcome.,3.ThetruthisthatIhavebeenthere.,4.Thefactthatshewaslatesurprisedus.,引导名词性从句的连接词,1、连接代词：_.有词义，在从句中作主语、表语、宾语、或定语等。2、连接副词：_.有词义，在从句中作状语。3、连接词：_.that无词义，在从句中不担任成分，有时可省略；if(whether),asif虽有词义，但在从句中不担任成分。,Who,whose,whom,what,which,Whoever,whatever.whomever,whomever,when,where,why,how,wherever,whenever,that,whether,if,asif,（一）宾语从句,观察下列例句，指出其中所包含的宾语从句及连接词:1.Idontknowwhomyoushoulddependon.该句中宾语从句是whomyoushoulddependon，连接词为whom_2.Weallfinditimportantthatweshouldmakeaquickdecisionaboutthismatter.该句中宾语从句是thatweshouldmakeaquickdecisionaboutthismatter连接词为that,1、宾语从句在复合句中作宾语。引导宾语从句的连词that一般可省略。Ihope_everythingisallright.,在以下三种情况下不能省略：（1）当that从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，第二个that不能省；Everyoneknew(that)theaccidenthappenedand_shewasworried.(2)介词后面的that不能省略。Eg.Youcandependonitthathewillhelpyou.（3）用it做形式宾语的宾语从句Iconsider_necessary_weshouldlearnEnglishwell.,that,that,it,2、whether与if都可以引导宾语从句，常可互换。但下面情况不能互换。,宾语从句中的whether与ornot直接连用时，不能换成if；不直接连用，可换。Idontknowwhetherornotthereportistrue.Idontknowwhether/ifthereportistrueornot.介词后的宾语从句要用whether引导。Itdependson_wehaveenoughtime.whether可与不定式连用。Theydontknow_togothere.,3.一些含有假设、猜想、建议等意思的动词后面的宾语从句要用“should+动词原形”结构,should可以省略。这类动词有:advise,arrange,command,demand,desire,insist,order,propose,require,request,suggest等。如：Isuggestedthathe(should)studyharder.,4.有些动词的后面如：like,dislikehate,appreciate等，其后的宾语从句通常用it做形式宾语,Iwouldappreciateitifyoucandomeafavor.Idislikeitthatheisalwaysspeakingillofme.,Practicetime,if/whether1.Iaskedher_shehadabike.2.Wereworriedabout_heissafe.3.Idontknow_heiswellornot.4.Idontknow_ornotheiswell.5.Idontknow_togo.,if/whether,whether,whether/if,whether,whether,1.Webelievedthathe_(earn)enoughmoneytobuildahouse.,2.Theteachertoldhisclassthatlight_(travel)fasterthansound.,3.Isuggestedthathe_(study)harder,hadearned,travels,study,（二）表语从句,1、表语从句在复合句中作表语，位于系动词之后。Thequestionwaswhetherwecouldgothere.Itappearsthatsheistellingalie2、引导表语从句的连接词that一般不省略。Myideaisthatwecangetmorecomradestohelpinthework.,3.从属连词Asif/though翻译为“好像”不占成分,Itseemsasifhehadknownthenews.,4.Because和why引导的标语从句,区分：Thereasonwhyhewasabsentwasthathehadreturnhishometown.,Thatsbecausehedidntunderstandme.(Thatisbecause强调原因译：因为,Thatswhyhecaughtacoldyesterday.强调结果。译：原因,4.连词whether引导表语从句,HisfirstquestionwaswhetherMr.Simthhadarrivedyet.Whether不能被if代替,5.主语是表示建议，命令，要求，计划等（suggestion，advice,order,request,proposal)等名词，表语从句要用should+动词原形,Myproposalwasthatwe(should)notgivehimwhathewant.,注意下列表语从句中连接副词where,how,why的译法,1.ThisiswhereLuXunoncelived.2.Thatwashowtheywonthematch.3.Thisiswhyshegotupsoearlythismorning.,这就是鲁迅曾经住过的地方.,他们就是这样赢得这场比赛的.,这就是她为什么今天早上起得这么早的原因.,我们就是这样克服困难的.那就是他昨天缺席的原因.这就是我们上星期碰头的地方.,Thisishowweovercamethedifficulties.,Thatiswhyhewasabsentyesterday.,ThisiswherewemetlastSunday.,固定句型:ThisiswhereThisiswhyThisishow.,这就是的地方,这就是的原因,这就是的方法,1.Thats_thePartycalledonustodo.A.whyB.whatC.howD.that2.Thereasonis_heisunabletooperatethemachine.A.becauseB.whyC.thatD.Whether3.Thatis_theyseparated.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.where4.Janeisnolonger_shewasfouryearsago.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.when,主语从句及引导词,主语从句在复合句中作句子的主语。引导主语从句的词有从属连词that,whether,if；连接代词who,whoever,whom,what,whatever,whose,which；连接副词when,where,how,why等。,【例句呈现】观察下列例句，指出其中所包含的主语从句及引导词:1.Whatisneededforalongtripiscarefulpreparation.该句中主语从句是_，引导词为_。,Whatisneededfora,what,longtrip,2.ThatJayZhouwillcometomycityexciteseverybody.该句中主语从句是_，引导词为_。3.Whetherwewilltravelabroadornothasnotbeendecided.该句中主语从句是_，引导词为_。,ThatJayZhouwill,Whetherwewill,cometomycity,that,travelabroadornot,whether,4.Whoeverknowsthesecretmustnttellothers.该句中主语从句是_，引导词为_。5.Itremainsapuzzlewhydinosaursdiedoutsuddenlylongtimeago.该句中主语从句是_，引导词为_。,Whoeverknowsthe,whoever,whydinosaursdied,why,secret,outsuddenlylonglongago,【观察总结】通过分析上面例句，同学们可能会发现上面第5句中的主语从句似乎比较隐蔽。其实，这也是主语从句的一种呈现方式，即：当一个句子主语过长时，可以用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语或主语从句后移至句子末尾，以保持句子的平衡。注意观察下列例句中的划线部分：,1.Itisnotclearhowtheaccidenthappened.It+be+形容词+that从句2.Itisapitythatyoushouldhavemadesuchacarelessmistake.It+is+a名词+that从句3.Itisreportedthatmorethanthirtydeathswerecausedintheaccident.4.Itissuggestedthattheoldshouldgotothecountrysidetohavearest.It+is+过去分词+that从句,参阅自主能力测评P63页完成2,9,10，14,5,【要点精讲】1.what与that引导主语从句观察下列例句，试着翻译例句并总结其规律。(1)Whatyoulackisself-confidence.译为：_,你所缺乏的是自信。,(2)Thatmoreandmorestudentsareadmittedintouniversitiesistrue.译为：_(3)Whatisneededfortheprogramismorewisdom.译为：_,这个项目所需要的是更多的智慧。,越来越多的学生将被大学录取的消息是真实的。,从上面例句可以看出，that引导主语从句时，在句中具有“两不”原则：一、不作句子成分；二、没有实际意义。当它引导的主语从句置于句首时，that不能省略；如果用it作形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末时，that可以省略。Eg.Ithappenedtohimthathefailedintheexamination,what引导的从句则恰恰相反，what在从句中的作用为：一、作句子成分主语，宾语，表语Eg.Whatyousaidisright.Chinaisnolongerwhatitisusedtobe二、除了起到引导从句的作用外还要承担具体的意义。1.什么2.代指那一切3.感叹句,Eg.Whathelikesbestisnoneofmybusiness.Hesaidwhatahard-workinggirlsheis.,【巩固练习】用what或that填空。(1)_hetoldusthismorningwasjustalie.(2)_isimportanttousisenoughtime.(3)Itworriesmymom_sheisbeginningtogetalittlefat.(4)_wecantgetseemsbetterthan_wehave.完成P64页3,14,What,What,that,What,what,2.whether与if引导主语从句如果主语从句置于句首，不能用if引导，此时，需用whether。但如果用it作形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末时，也可以用if引导。,Itsunknownwhether/ifhewillcome.,【巩固练习】用whether或if填空。(1)Itdoesntmatter_hewillcomeornot.(2)_wellgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.(3)Itwasdoubtful_TomreallysawSharon.(4)_TomreallysawSharonwasdoubtful.,whether/if,Whether,whether/if,Whether,3.其它引导词连接代词who,which,whom,whose有各自的具体意义，起连接作用，同时在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语等；whoever,whatever,whichever在意义上更为强调，常译为“无论”；连接副词when,where,why,how等也有各自的意义，起连接作用，并在从句中作状语。,比较：Eg.1.Whoeverleavestheclassroomatlastshouldturnoffthelight.2.Whowillbeinchargeofthecompanyisamysterynow.,Whoever=anyonewho无论是谁,疑问词对人提问谁,3.Shewantstogivehersonwhatevershehas.Whatever=anythingthat无论什么4.Whathewilldotosolvetheproblemisstillknown.疑问词什么,完成P647，8,【常见错误展示】下列各句均有一处错误，请改正并分析错误的原因。1.Lighttravelsfasterthansoundiscommonknowledge.,That,that虽无词义但引导主语从句位于句首时不能省略。,if,whether都可表示“是否”,但if不能引导位于主句之前的主语从句，它可以引导位于主句之后带有形式主语it的主语从句。,2.Ifshescomingornotdoesntmattermuch.,Whether,3.Thattheprofessorsaidisofgreatimportance.4.Wherewillthetreesbeplantedhasnotbeendecided.,What,that引导主语从句时无词义。Whattheprofessorsaid表示“教授所说的”。,将will置于trees之后。主语从句要用陈述句语序。,5.Nomatterwhobreakstherulewillbepunished.6.Whenandwherethemeetingwillbeheldstillremainaquestion.,引导让步状语从句时二者可互换，但引导名词性从句时只能用whoever。,Whoever,主语从句表示单一概念时，谓语要用单数形式。,remains,7.Itwasrequestedthateveryonemadeaspeechatthemeeting.,在“Itisrequested/ordered/suggested+that从句”中，从句要用虚拟语气，即谓语用“should+动词原形”，should可省略。,(should)make,名词性从句同位语从句在主从复合句中，用作同位语的从句，叫同位语从句。同位语从句是用来解释说明前面名词的内容的从句。,【要点精讲】1.同位语从句一般跟在某些名词后面，如:idea,fact,news,hope,belief,suggestion,proposal,word,thought,doubt,truth,possibility,promise,order等，用以说明或解释该名词的具体内容。这些名词一般都具备两个特征：一、均为抽象名词；二、可以涵盖一定的信息内容。如：,Thenewsthatourteachersheathisfailingmadeussad.Ihavenoideawheretheyarespendingtheirholidays.IhavenoideawhenhewillreturntoChina.,3.同位语从句通常由that引导，但that不在从句中充当成分，也不能省略；同位语从句也可以由whether,when,where,how等引导。如：Thefactthatwomencanworkaswellasmenisclear.Theyraisedthequestionwhereweshouldgo.,Theproblemwhetherwecaneatmoresafelyhasattractedthegovernmentsattention.Ihavenoideawhyshedidntaccepttheniceoffer.,4.当先行词为demand时，其后所跟同位语从句的谓语动词要用“should+动词原形”，其中，should也可省略。除了demand外,这类名词还有advice,suggestion,order,request,requirement,recommendation等。如：Themanagermadeademandthattheworkers(should)finishthetaskaheadoftime.完成P79页1,2,5,8，10,应注意的几个问题P77,1.Whether引导同为语从句不能替换成if2.分隔式同位语：有时为了保持句子结构的平行，同位语结构与说明的名词之间会比其他的词分开，形成分隔式同位语。Eg.Wordscamethatwehadwonthematch.3.名词doubt后跟同为语从句若为肯定用whether,若用于否定句则用that.Eg.Idoubtwhethertheycanfinishtheworkontime.(宾语从句）Thereisnodoubtthathewillwinthegame,I.用适当的关联词填空。1.Theidea_manshouldliveinharmonywithnaturehaswidelybeenaccepted.2.Thethought_LilywillvisittheGreatWallandtheSummerPalacethissummerisexciting.,课堂练习,that,that,3.Ihavenoidea_Caplinsfilmwillbeon.4.Myfathermadeapromise_hewouldbuyanewbicycleformeifIstudyhard.5.Isthereanypossibility_wellseeyouthisweekend?,that,that,where,6.Thereisnodoubt_hewilltellthetruth.7.Thequestion_hewilltakepartintheactivityornothasnotbeendecidedyet.8.Ihavenoidea_hecanpassthedifficultexamornot.,that,whether,whether,同位语从句与定语从句的区别：,1.从性质上区别：同位语从句是名词性从句，其作用相当于一个名词，是对前面的名词作进一步解释、说明；定语从句的作用相当于一个形容词，用来修饰前面的名词或代词。,Thenewsthathewassavedexcitedus.同位语从句Thenewsthathetoldmeexcitedme.定语从句,从引导词及其在句中的成分上的区别：有些引导词如how,whether等可以引导同位语从句，但不能引导定语从句。,定语从句的引导词均在从句中充当特定的句子成分。如：Iwontbelievethefactthatheliedtohismother.(that引导同位语从句，对fact进行说明，that不充当句子成分。)Iwontbelievethefact(that)hetoldme.(that引导定语从句对fact进行限定，that在从句中充当宾语。),that在定语从句中担任句子成分，是关系代词；在同位语从句中不担任句子成分，是从属连词。,e.g.Thefactthatwetalkedaboutisveryimportant.,(定语从句),我们所谈论的事实是非常重要的。,Thefactthatwesucceededpleasedeverybody.,(同位语从句),我们成功了，这一事实让大家很高兴。,完成自主能力测评P7912,13,11,Thatistheend,Thankyou!,Example2：Sheheardaterriblenoise,_broughtherheartintohermouth.(MET91)A.itB.whichC.thisD.that,答案为B。分析语境含义、句子结构和句子成分可知，该句为非限制性定语从句，先行词为aterriblenoise，且它在从句中作主语。应将该句区别于：,Icantstandtheterriblenoise_sheiscryingloudlyA.itB.whichC.thisD.that,答案为D。sheiscryingloudly是theterriblenoise的内容，且theterriblenoise不在从句中作成分，所以该句为同位语从句。,活学活用,Thenewsthattherearenolivesonthemoonisknowntousall.,同位语从句,Thenewsthatyouheardisnottrue.,定语从句,Haveyouanyideawhohewentwith?,同位语从句,Isthereanyhopethattheywillbehomeintime?,Theproblemthatyoureferredtodoesntexistatall.,同位语从句,定语从句,9.Wordcame_anewteachingbuildingwouldbebuiltinourschoolnextyear.10.Wheredidyougettheidea_hewouldcometoourofficetoworkwithus?,that,that,1.Thenewswhichourteamhadwonpleasedeveryone_2.Idontdoubtwhetherhecanworkouttheproblem_3.IhavebeenworryingaboutifIhavehurtherfeeling_4Idontknowthathewants_,whichthat,whetherthat,ifwhether,thatwhat,5.Thereasonwhyhedidntcomeisbecausehewasill._6.Whowalksaroundinsuchaheavyrainwillcatchacold_7IthinkimportantthatwelearnEnglishwell_8Itsnotcertainthatthesportsmeetwillbeheld_,becausethat,WhoWhoever,importantitimportant,thatwhether,9Thisisthesuggestionwhichwehaveatripthedayaftertomorrow_10Chinaisagreatsocialistcountryiswellknown_,whichthat,ChinaThatChina,从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1.Itisstillunderdiscussion_theoldbusstationshouldbereplacedwithamodernhotelornot.(重庆2011)A.whetherB.whenC.whichD.where,高考链接,2.Thevillagershavealreadyknown_welldoistorebuildthebridge.(江西2011)A.thisB.thatC.whatD.which,3._somepeopleregardasadrawbackisseenasaplusbymanyothers.(北京2010)A.WhetherB.WhatC.ThatD.How,4.Itneveroccurredtome_youcouldsucceedinpersuadinghimtochangehismind.(陕西2010)A.whichB.whatC.thatD.if,5.Itisuncertain_sideeffectthemedicinewillbringabout,althoughabouttwothousandpatientshavetakenit.(浙江2010)A.thatB.whatC.howD.whether,从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1.Itisnotalwayseasyforthepublictosee_useanewinventioncanbeoftohumanlife.(重庆2011)A.whoseB.whatC.whichD.that,2.Hiswritingissoconfusing